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    {
      "id": 100,
      "start": 257.519,
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      "text": "mostly be serviced by fossil fuels.",
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    },
    {
      "id": 101,
      "start": 260.239,
      "end": 262.479,
      "text": "We're already seeing reporting of uh",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 102,
      "start": 262.479,
      "end": 264.479,
      "text": "coal plants with their lives being",
      "source": "source_caption",
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    },
    {
      "id": 103,
      "start": 264.479,
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      "text": "extended. They were supposed to retire",
      "source": "source_caption",
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    },
    {
      "id": 104,
      "start": 266.72,
      "end": 269.12,
      "text": "but now they cannot to support this data",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 105,
      "start": 269.12,
      "end": 270.96,
      "text": "center development. We are seeing",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 106,
      "start": 270.96,
      "end": 273.759,
      "text": "methane gas turbines, unlicensed ones",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 107,
      "start": 273.759,
      "end": 276.8,
      "text": "being popped up to uh service these data",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 108,
      "start": 276.8,
      "end": 279.04,
      "text": "centers as well. From a freshwater",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 109,
      "start": 279.04,
      "end": 281.04,
      "text": "perspective, these data centers need to",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 110,
      "start": 281.04,
      "end": 284.08,
      "text": "be trained on freshwater. They cannot be",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 111,
      "start": 284.08,
      "end": 285.6,
      "text": "trained on any other type of water",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 112,
      "start": 285.6,
      "end": 287.36,
      "text": "because it can corrode the equipment. It",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 113,
      "start": 287.36,
      "end": 290.0,
      "text": "can lead to bacterial growth and most of",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 114,
      "start": 290.0,
      "end": 292.639,
      "text": "the time it actually taps directly into",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 115,
      "start": 292.639,
      "end": 295.759,
      "text": "a public drinking water supply because",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 116,
      "start": 295.759,
      "end": 298.08,
      "text": "that is the infrastructure that has been",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 117,
      "start": 298.08,
      "end": 301.36,
      "text": "laid to deliver this clean fresh water",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 118,
      "start": 301.36,
      "end": 303.12,
      "text": "to different businesses to different",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 119,
      "start": 303.12,
      "end": 305.919,
      "text": "homes. And Bloomberg recently had an",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 120,
      "start": 305.919,
      "end": 308.0,
      "text": "analysis where they looked at the",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 121,
      "start": 308.0,
      "end": 310.08,
      "text": "expansion of these data centers around",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 122,
      "start": 310.08,
      "end": 313.68,
      "text": "the world and 2thirds of them are being",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 123,
      "start": 313.68,
      "end": 317.44,
      "text": "placed in water scarce areas. So they're",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 124,
      "start": 317.44,
      "end": 319.919,
      "text": "being placed in communities that do not",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 125,
      "start": 319.919,
      "end": 321.84,
      "text": "have access to fresh water. So it's not",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 126,
      "start": 321.84,
      "end": 323.36,
      "text": "just the total amount of fresh water",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 127,
      "start": 323.36,
      "end": 325.199,
      "text": "that we need to be concerned about, but",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 128,
      "start": 325.199,
      "end": 327.52,
      "text": "actually the distribution of this",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 129,
      "start": 327.52,
      "end": 330.16,
      "text": "infrastructure around the world.",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 130,
      "start": 330.16,
      "end": 333.28,
      "text": "And most people are familiar with chat",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 131,
      "start": 333.28,
      "end": 337.84,
      "text": "GPT the consumer aspect of AI but what",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 132,
      "start": 337.84,
      "end": 341.28,
      "text": "about the military uh aspect of AI where",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 133,
      "start": 341.28,
      "end": 343.759,
      "text": "in essence uh we're finding Silicon",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 134,
      "start": 343.759,
      "end": 345.6,
      "text": "Valley companies becoming the next",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 135,
      "start": 345.6,
      "end": 348.88,
      "text": "generation of defense contractors.",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 136,
      "start": 348.88,
      "end": 351.759,
      "text": ">> One of the reasons why OpenAI and many",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 137,
      "start": 351.759,
      "end": 353.199,
      "text": "other companies are turning to the",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 138,
      "start": 353.199,
      "end": 355.44,
      "text": "defense industry is because they have",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 139,
      "start": 355.44,
      "end": 357.68,
      "text": "spent an extraordinary amount of money",
      "source": "source_caption",
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    },
    {
      "id": 140,
      "start": 357.68,
      "end": 359.6,
      "text": "in developing these technologies.",
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      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 141,
      "start": 359.6,
      "end": 362.16,
      "text": "They're spending hundreds of billions to",
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      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 142,
      "start": 362.16,
      "end": 364.319,
      "text": "train these models and they need to",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 143,
      "start": 364.319,
      "end": 367.52,
      "text": "recoup those costs and there are only so",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 144,
      "start": 367.52,
      "end": 370.0,
      "text": "many industries and so many places that",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 145,
      "start": 370.0,
      "end": 373.12,
      "text": "have that size of a paycheck to pay. And",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 146,
      "start": 373.12,
      "end": 375.36,
      "text": "so that's why we're seeing a cozying up",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 147,
      "start": 375.36,
      "end": 377.12,
      "text": "to the defense industry. We're also",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 148,
      "start": 377.12,
      "end": 378.88,
      "text": "seeing Silicon Valley use the US",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 149,
      "start": 378.88,
      "end": 380.479,
      "text": "government in their empire building",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 150,
      "start": 380.479,
      "end": 382.72,
      "text": "ambitions. You could argue that the US",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 151,
      "start": 382.72,
      "end": 384.4,
      "text": "government is also trying to use Silicon",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 152,
      "start": 384.4,
      "end": 386.72,
      "text": "Valley vice versa in their empire",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 153,
      "start": 386.72,
      "end": 389.039,
      "text": "building ambitions. Um but certainly",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 154,
      "start": 389.039,
      "end": 392.16,
      "text": "these technologies are not they are not",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 155,
      "start": 392.16,
      "end": 394.4,
      "text": "designed to be used in a sensitive",
      "source": "source_caption",
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    },
    {
      "id": 156,
      "start": 394.4,
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      "text": "military context. And so the the",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 157,
      "start": 396.72,
      "end": 399.039,
      "text": "aggressive push of these companies to",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 158,
      "start": 399.039,
      "end": 401.12,
      "text": "try and get those defense contracts and",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 159,
      "start": 401.12,
      "end": 403.039,
      "text": "integrate their technologies more and",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 160,
      "start": 403.039,
      "end": 404.8,
      "text": "more to the into the infrastructure of",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 161,
      "start": 404.8,
      "end": 408.0,
      "text": "the military is really alarming. I",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 162,
      "start": 408.0,
      "end": 410.56,
      "text": "wanted to go to the countries you went",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 163,
      "start": 410.56,
      "end": 412.56,
      "text": "to or the stories you covered because I",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 164,
      "start": 412.56,
      "end": 414.8,
      "text": "mean this is amazing the depth of your",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 165,
      "start": 414.8,
      "end": 418.0,
      "text": "reporting from Kenya to Uruguay to",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 166,
      "start": 418.0,
      "end": 420.24,
      "text": "Chile. Um you were talking about the use",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 167,
      "start": 420.24,
      "end": 421.759,
      "text": "of water and I also want to ask you",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 168,
      "start": 421.759,
      "end": 425.36,
      "text": "about nuclear power. Uh but in Chile um",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 169,
      "start": 425.36,
      "end": 428.24,
      "text": "what is happening there around these",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 170,
      "start": 428.24,
      "end": 430.16,
      "text": "data centers and the water they would",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 171,
      "start": 430.16,
      "end": 432.0,
      "text": "use and the resistance to that.",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 172,
      "start": 432.0,
      "end": 433.68,
      "text": ">> Yeah. So Chile has an interesting",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 173,
      "start": 433.68,
      "end": 435.52,
      "text": "history in that it's been under it was",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 174,
      "start": 435.52,
      "end": 437.44,
      "text": "under a dictatorship for a very long",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 175,
      "start": 437.44,
      "end": 440.16,
      "text": "time. And so during that time, most",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 176,
      "start": 440.16,
      "end": 442.72,
      "text": "public resources were privatized,",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 177,
      "start": 442.72,
      "end": 445.44,
      "text": "including water. But because of an",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 178,
      "start": 445.44,
      "end": 447.44,
      "text": "anomaly, there's one community in the",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 179,
      "start": 447.44,
      "end": 449.44,
      "text": "greater Santiago metropolitan region",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 180,
      "start": 449.44,
      "end": 451.44,
      "text": "that actually still has access to a",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 181,
      "start": 451.44,
      "end": 453.759,
      "text": "public freshwater resource that services",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 182,
      "start": 453.759,
      "end": 456.08,
      "text": "both that community as well as the rest",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 183,
      "start": 456.08,
      "end": 458.96,
      "text": "of the country in emergency situations.",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 184,
      "start": 458.96,
      "end": 461.28,
      "text": "That is the exact community that Google",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 185,
      "start": 461.28,
      "end": 464.16,
      "text": "chose to try to put a data center in",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 186,
      "start": 464.16,
      "end": 465.36,
      "text": ">> and it would be free",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 187,
      "start": 465.36,
      "end": 468.479,
      "text": ">> and it, you know, I have no idea. That",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 188,
      "start": 468.479,
      "end": 470.56,
      "text": "is a great question. But what the",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 189,
      "start": 470.56,
      "end": 472.56,
      "text": "community told me was they weren't even",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 190,
      "start": 472.56,
      "end": 476.319,
      "text": "paying taxes for this because they they",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 191,
      "start": 476.319,
      "end": 477.599,
      "text": "believed based on reading the",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 192,
      "start": 477.599,
      "end": 479.199,
      "text": "documentation that the taxes that Google",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 193,
      "start": 479.199,
      "end": 481.52,
      "text": "was paying was in fact to where they had",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 194,
      "start": 481.52,
      "end": 484.08,
      "text": "registered their offices, their",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 195,
      "start": 484.08,
      "end": 486.319,
      "text": "administrative offices, not where they",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 196,
      "start": 486.319,
      "end": 488.479,
      "text": "were putting down the data center. So",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 197,
      "start": 488.479,
      "end": 490.24,
      "text": "they were not seeing any benefit from",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 198,
      "start": 490.24,
      "end": 491.84,
      "text": "this data center directly to that",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 199,
      "start": 491.84,
      "end": 494.24,
      "text": "community and they were seeing no checks",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 200,
      "start": 494.24,
      "end": 496.479,
      "text": "placed on the fresh water that this data",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 201,
      "start": 496.479,
      "end": 498.319,
      "text": "center would have been allowed to",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 202,
      "start": 498.319,
      "end": 500.96,
      "text": "extract. And so these activists said,",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 203,
      "start": 500.96,
      "end": 503.52,
      "text": "\"Wait a minute, absolutely not. We're",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 204,
      "start": 503.52,
      "end": 505.039,
      "text": "not going to allow this data center to",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 205,
      "start": 505.039,
      "end": 507.599,
      "text": "come in unless they give us a legitimate",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 206,
      "start": 507.599,
      "end": 510.479,
      "text": "reason for why it benefits us.\" And so",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 207,
      "start": 510.479,
      "end": 512.959,
      "text": "they started doing boots on the ground",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 208,
      "start": 512.959,
      "end": 515.44,
      "text": "activism, pushing back, knocking on",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 209,
      "start": 515.44,
      "end": 516.64,
      "text": "every single one of their neighbors",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 210,
      "start": 516.64,
      "end": 518.08,
      "text": "doors, handing out flyers to the",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 211,
      "start": 518.08,
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      "text": "community, telling them this company is",
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    },
    {
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      "text": "taking our freshwater resources without",
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    },
    {
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      "text": "giving us anything in return. And so",
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    },
    {
      "id": 214,
      "start": 524.32,
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      "text": "they escalated so dramatically that it",
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    },
    {
      "id": 215,
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      "text": "escalated to Google Chile. It escalated",
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    },
    {
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      "start": 528.56,
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      "text": "to Google Mountain View, which by the",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 217,
      "start": 530.16,
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      "text": "way then sent representatives to Chile",
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    },
    {
      "id": 218,
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      "text": "that only spoke English.",
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      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 219,
      "start": 534.32,
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      "text": "But then it eventually escalated to the",
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    },
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      "id": 220,
      "start": 536.399,
      "end": 538.88,
      "text": "Chilean government. And the Chilean",
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    },
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      "start": 538.88,
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      "text": "government now has roundts where they",
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    },
    {
      "id": 222,
      "start": 541.68,
      "end": 543.68,
      "text": "ask these community residents and the",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
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      "start": 543.68,
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      "text": "company representatives and",
      "source": "source_caption",
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    },
    {
      "id": 224,
      "start": 544.959,
      "end": 546.16,
      "text": "representatives from the government to",
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    },
    {
      "id": 225,
      "start": 546.16,
      "end": 549.279,
      "text": "come together to actually discuss how to",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 226,
      "start": 549.279,
      "end": 550.959,
      "text": "make data center development more",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 227,
      "start": 550.959,
      "end": 552.64,
      "text": "beneficial to the community. The",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 228,
      "start": 552.64,
      "end": 555.279,
      "text": "activists say it is the fight is not",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 229,
      "start": 555.279,
      "end": 556.8,
      "text": "over. Just because they've been invited",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 230,
      "start": 556.8,
      "end": 558.399,
      "text": "to the table doesn't mean that",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 231,
      "start": 558.399,
      "end": 559.92,
      "text": "everything is suddenly better. They need",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 232,
      "start": 559.92,
      "end": 562.0,
      "text": "to stay vigilant. They need to continue",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 233,
      "start": 562.0,
      "end": 563.92,
      "text": "scrutinizing these projects. But thus",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 234,
      "start": 563.92,
      "end": 565.519,
      "text": "far they've been able to block this",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 235,
      "start": 565.519,
      "end": 567.6,
      "text": "project for four to five years and have",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 236,
      "start": 567.6,
      "end": 570.32,
      "text": "gained that seat at the table.",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 237,
      "start": 570.32,
      "end": 573.2,
      "text": ">> And how is it that these uh western",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 238,
      "start": 573.2,
      "end": 576.64,
      "text": "companies in essence are exploiting",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 239,
      "start": 576.64,
      "end": 580.24,
      "text": "labor in the global south? You go into",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 240,
      "start": 580.24,
      "end": 583.12,
      "text": "something called data annotation firms.",
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      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 241,
      "start": 583.12,
      "end": 584.64,
      "text": "What what are those?",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 242,
      "start": 584.64,
      "end": 587.279,
      "text": ">> Yeah. So because AI modern day AI",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 243,
      "start": 587.279,
      "end": 589.76,
      "text": "systems are trained on massive amounts",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 244,
      "start": 589.76,
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      "text": "of data and they're sc that's scraped",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 245,
      "start": 591.279,
      "end": 593.519,
      "text": "from the internet, you can't actually",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 246,
      "start": 593.519,
      "end": 596.72,
      "text": "pump that data directly into your AI",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 247,
      "start": 596.72,
      "end": 599.279,
      "text": "model because there are a lot of things",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 248,
      "start": 599.279,
      "end": 601.12,
      "text": "within within that data. It's heavily",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 249,
      "start": 601.12,
      "end": 603.2,
      "text": "polluted. It needs to be cleaned. It",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 250,
      "start": 603.2,
      "end": 605.279,
      "text": "needs to be annotated. So this is where",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 251,
      "start": 605.279,
      "end": 607.44,
      "text": "data annotation firms come in. These are",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 252,
      "start": 607.44,
      "end": 611.36,
      "text": "middleman firms that hire contract labor",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 253,
      "start": 611.36,
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      "text": "to provide to these AI companies to do",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 254,
      "start": 614.16,
      "end": 616.959,
      "text": "that kind of data preparation. And open",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 255,
      "start": 616.959,
      "end": 620.0,
      "text": "AI when it was starting to think about",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 256,
      "start": 620.0,
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      "text": "commercializing its products and",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 257,
      "start": 621.6,
      "end": 624.8,
      "text": "thinking about let's put text generation",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 258,
      "start": 624.8,
      "end": 626.88,
      "text": "machines that can spew any kind of text",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 259,
      "start": 626.88,
      "end": 628.88,
      "text": "into the hands of millions of users.",
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      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 260,
      "start": 628.88,
      "end": 631.519,
      "text": "They realized they needed to have some",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 261,
      "start": 631.519,
      "end": 633.2,
      "text": "kind of content moderation. They needed",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 262,
      "start": 633.2,
      "end": 634.88,
      "text": "to develop a filter that would wrap",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 263,
      "start": 634.88,
      "end": 637.76,
      "text": "around these models and prevent these",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 264,
      "start": 637.76,
      "end": 640.079,
      "text": "models from actually spewing racist,",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 265,
      "start": 640.079,
      "end": 642.32,
      "text": "hateful, and harmful speech to users",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 266,
      "start": 642.32,
      "end": 643.68,
      "text": "that would not make a very good",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 267,
      "start": 643.68,
      "end": 646.399,
      "text": "commercially viable product. And so they",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 268,
      "start": 646.399,
      "end": 648.64,
      "text": "contracted these middleman firms in",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 269,
      "start": 648.64,
      "end": 651.279,
      "text": "Kenya where the Kenyan workers had to",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 270,
      "start": 651.279,
      "end": 653.6,
      "text": "read through reams of the worst text on",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 271,
      "start": 653.6,
      "end": 656.32,
      "text": "the internet as well as AI generated",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 272,
      "start": 656.32,
      "end": 659.12,
      "text": "text where open AI was prompting its own",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 273,
      "start": 659.12,
      "end": 662.079,
      "text": "AI models to imagine the worst text on",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 274,
      "start": 662.079,
      "end": 663.6,
      "text": "the internet and then telling these",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 275,
      "start": 663.6,
      "end": 666.88,
      "text": "Kenyan workers to detail to categorize",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 276,
      "start": 666.88,
      "end": 669.68,
      "text": "them in detailed taxonomies of is this",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 277,
      "start": 669.68,
      "end": 671.839,
      "text": "sexual content, is this violent content,",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 278,
      "start": 671.839,
      "end": 673.92,
      "text": "how graphic is that violent content in",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 279,
      "start": 673.92,
      "end": 676.399,
      "text": "order to teach its filter all the",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 280,
      "start": 676.399,
      "end": 678.48,
      "text": "different categories of content it had",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 281,
      "start": 678.48,
      "end": 681.2,
      "text": "to block. And this is incredibly",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 282,
      "start": 681.2,
      "end": 683.839,
      "text": "uncommon form of labor. There are lots",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 283,
      "start": 683.839,
      "end": 685.12,
      "text": "of other different types of contract",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 284,
      "start": 685.12,
      "end": 687.6,
      "text": "labor that they use. But these workers,",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 285,
      "start": 687.6,
      "end": 689.92,
      "text": "they're paid a few bucks an hour, if at",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 286,
      "start": 689.92,
      "end": 692.48,
      "text": "all. And just like the era of social",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 287,
      "start": 692.48,
      "end": 694.8,
      "text": "media, these content moderators are left",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 288,
      "start": 694.8,
      "end": 697.44,
      "text": "very deeply psychologically traumatized.",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 289,
      "start": 697.44,
      "end": 700.079,
      "text": "And ultimately, there is no real",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 290,
      "start": 700.079,
      "end": 702.64,
      "text": "philosophy behind why these workers are",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 291,
      "start": 702.64,
      "end": 704.399,
      "text": "paid a couple bucks an hour and have",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 292,
      "start": 704.399,
      "end": 706.64,
      "text": "their lives destroyed. And why AI",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 293,
      "start": 706.64,
      "end": 708.56,
      "text": "researchers who also contribute to these",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 294,
      "start": 708.56,
      "end": 710.16,
      "text": "models are paid million-doll",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 295,
      "start": 710.16,
      "end": 712.24,
      "text": "compensation packages simply because",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 296,
      "start": 712.24,
      "end": 715.279,
      "text": "they sit in Silicon Valley in OpenAI's",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 297,
      "start": 715.279,
      "end": 718.16,
      "text": "offices. That is the logic of Empire.",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 298,
      "start": 718.16,
      "end": 720.079,
      "text": "And that hearkens back to my title,",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 299,
      "start": 720.079,
      "end": 721.44,
      "text": "Empire of AI.",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 300,
      "start": 721.44,
      "end": 723.68,
      "text": ">> So, let's go back to your title, Empire",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 301,
      "start": 723.68,
      "end": 726.48,
      "text": "of AI. the subtitle dreams and",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 302,
      "start": 726.48,
      "end": 730.32,
      "text": "nightmares in Sam Alman's Open AI. So",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 303,
      "start": 730.32,
      "end": 733.12,
      "text": "tell us the story of Sam Alman and what",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 304,
      "start": 733.12,
      "end": 735.839,
      "text": "Open AI is all about right through to",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 305,
      "start": 735.839,
      "end": 737.839,
      "text": "the deal he just made in the Gulf when",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 306,
      "start": 737.839,
      "end": 740.8,
      "text": "President Trump uh Sam Alman and Elon",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 307,
      "start": 740.8,
      "end": 744.24,
      "text": "Musk were there. Alman is very much a",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 308,
      "start": 744.24,
      "end": 747.04,
      "text": "product of Silicon Valley. His career",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 309,
      "start": 747.04,
      "end": 749.279,
      "text": "was first as a founder of a startup and",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 310,
      "start": 749.279,
      "end": 750.88,
      "text": "then as the president of Y Combinator,",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 311,
      "start": 750.88,
      "end": 752.88,
      "text": "which is one of the most famous startup",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 312,
      "start": 752.88,
      "end": 755.12,
      "text": "accelerators in Silicon Valley, and then",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 313,
      "start": 755.12,
      "end": 758.56,
      "text": "the CEO of OpenAI. And there's no",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 314,
      "start": 758.56,
      "end": 760.8,
      "text": "coincidence that OpenAI ended up",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 315,
      "start": 760.8,
      "end": 762.639,
      "text": "introducing the world to the scale at",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 316,
      "start": 762.639,
      "end": 765.519,
      "text": "all cost approach to AI development",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 317,
      "start": 765.519,
      "end": 767.519,
      "text": "because that is the way that Silicon",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 318,
      "start": 767.519,
      "end": 770.399,
      "text": "Valley has operated in the entire time",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 319,
      "start": 770.399,
      "end": 774.48,
      "text": "that Altman came up in it. And so he is",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
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      "text": "What do you mean?",
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      "text": "Um but there's this really great book",
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      "id": 409,
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      "end": 1050.0,
      "text": "educational outcomes. And so that's what",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 429,
      "start": 1050.0,
      "end": 1052.559,
      "text": "I mean by labor assistive than labor",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 430,
      "start": 1052.559,
      "end": 1055.12,
      "text": ">> and explain uh what you mean because I",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 431,
      "start": 1055.12,
      "end": 1056.64,
      "text": "think a lot of people don't even",
      "source": "source_caption",
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    },
    {
      "id": 432,
      "start": 1056.64,
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      "text": "understand artificial intelligence. And",
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      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 433,
      "start": 1058.72,
      "end": 1061.44,
      "text": "when you say replace the doctor, what",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 434,
      "start": 1061.44,
      "end": 1062.72,
      "text": "are you talking about?",
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      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 435,
      "start": 1062.72,
      "end": 1065.36,
      "text": ">> Right. So these companies they try to",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 436,
      "start": 1065.36,
      "end": 1067.679,
      "text": "develop a technology that they position",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 437,
      "start": 1067.679,
      "end": 1069.6,
      "text": "as an everything machine that can do",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 438,
      "start": 1069.6,
      "end": 1073.76,
      "text": "anything. Um and so they will try to say",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 439,
      "start": 1073.76,
      "end": 1076.559,
      "text": "you can use this you can talk to chatbt",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 440,
      "start": 1076.559,
      "end": 1079.919,
      "text": "for therapy. No, you cannot. Chat GBT is",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 441,
      "start": 1079.919,
      "end": 1081.76,
      "text": "not a licensed therapist. And in fact,",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 442,
      "start": 1081.76,
      "end": 1083.76,
      "text": "these models actually spew lots of",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 443,
      "start": 1083.76,
      "end": 1085.919,
      "text": "medical misinformation. And there have",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 444,
      "start": 1085.919,
      "end": 1090.08,
      "text": "been lots of um examples of actually",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 445,
      "start": 1090.08,
      "end": 1092.4,
      "text": "users being psychologically harmed by",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 446,
      "start": 1092.4,
      "end": 1094.559,
      "text": "the model because the model will",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 447,
      "start": 1094.559,
      "end": 1097.36,
      "text": "continue to reinforce um selfharming",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 448,
      "start": 1097.36,
      "end": 1099.2,
      "text": "behaviors. And we've even had cases",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 449,
      "start": 1099.2,
      "end": 1102.48,
      "text": "where uh children who speak to chatbots",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 450,
      "start": 1102.48,
      "end": 1104.799,
      "text": "and develop huge emotional relationships",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 451,
      "start": 1104.799,
      "end": 1106.559,
      "text": "with these chatbots have actually killed",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 452,
      "start": 1106.559,
      "end": 1109.12,
      "text": "themselves after using these chatbot",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 453,
      "start": 1109.12,
      "end": 1111.679,
      "text": "systems. Um but that's what I mean when",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 454,
      "start": 1111.679,
      "end": 1113.28,
      "text": "these companies are trying to develop",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 455,
      "start": 1113.28,
      "end": 1114.559,
      "text": "labor automating tools. They're",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 456,
      "start": 1114.559,
      "end": 1118.08,
      "text": "positioning it as you can now hire this",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 457,
      "start": 1118.08,
      "end": 1120.48,
      "text": "tool instead of hire a worker. I mean,",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 458,
      "start": 1120.48,
      "end": 1122.48,
      "text": "most recently, Sam Alman was speaking at",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 459,
      "start": 1122.48,
      "end": 1125.12,
      "text": "a conference and said, \"We originally",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 460,
      "start": 1125.12,
      "end": 1127.28,
      "text": "said that these models were junior level",
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      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 461,
      "start": 1127.28,
      "end": 1130.08,
      "text": "partners at a law firm, and now we think",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 462,
      "start": 1130.08,
      "end": 1132.48,
      "text": "that they can really be more senior",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 463,
      "start": 1132.48,
      "end": 1134.64,
      "text": "colleagues at a law firm.\" What he's",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 464,
      "start": 1134.64,
      "end": 1137.2,
      "text": "saying is don't hire the junior level",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 465,
      "start": 1137.2,
      "end": 1139.28,
      "text": "partners, don't hire the senior",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 466,
      "start": 1139.28,
      "end": 1142.16,
      "text": "colleagues, and just use our AI models.",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 467,
      "start": 1142.16,
      "end": 1144.4,
      "text": "And we are already seeing the career",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 468,
      "start": 1144.4,
      "end": 1148.16,
      "text": "ladder breaking because many different",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 469,
      "start": 1148.16,
      "end": 1150.72,
      "text": "white collar job uh white collar service",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 470,
      "start": 1150.72,
      "end": 1152.72,
      "text": "industries as well as other industries",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 471,
      "start": 1152.72,
      "end": 1155.28,
      "text": "are becoming convinced that they do not",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 472,
      "start": 1155.28,
      "end": 1156.88,
      "text": "need to hire interns. They do not need",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 473,
      "start": 1156.88,
      "end": 1159.2,
      "text": "to hire entry-level positions that they",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 474,
      "start": 1159.2,
      "end": 1161.36,
      "text": "just need these AI models and new",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 475,
      "start": 1161.36,
      "end": 1164.4,
      "text": "college graduates are struggling now to",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 476,
      "start": 1164.4,
      "end": 1166.16,
      "text": "find job opportunities to help them get",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 477,
      "start": 1166.16,
      "end": 1168.559,
      "text": "a foothold into these industries. So,",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 478,
      "start": 1168.559,
      "end": 1170.64,
      "text": "you've talked about Sam Alman, and in",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 479,
      "start": 1170.64,
      "end": 1173.44,
      "text": "part one, we touched on uh who he is,",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 480,
      "start": 1173.44,
      "end": 1176.64,
      "text": "but I'd like you to go more deeply into",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 481,
      "start": 1176.64,
      "end": 1178.88,
      "text": "what uh who Sam Alman is, how he",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 482,
      "start": 1178.88,
      "end": 1181.84,
      "text": "exploded onto the um US scene,",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 483,
      "start": 1181.84,
      "end": 1184.24,
      "text": "testifying before Congress, actually",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 484,
      "start": 1184.24,
      "end": 1186.559,
      "text": "warning about the dangers of AI. So,",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 485,
      "start": 1186.559,
      "end": 1188.96,
      "text": "that really protected him in a way.",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 486,
      "start": 1188.96,
      "end": 1191.28,
      "text": ">> Um people seeing him as a prophet.",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 487,
      "start": 1191.28,
      "end": 1194.559,
      "text": "That's a P O P. But now, we can talk",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 488,
      "start": 1194.559,
      "end": 1196.96,
      "text": "about the other kind of prophet, P O Fit",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 489,
      "start": 1196.96,
      "end": 1197.99,
      "text": "T.",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 490,
      "start": 1197.99,
      "end": 1198.0,
      "text": "T.",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 491,
      "start": 1198.0,
      "end": 1201.919,
      "text": "um and how open AI was formed. How is",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 492,
      "start": 1201.919,
      "end": 1205.36,
      "text": "open AI different from AI?",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 493,
      "start": 1205.36,
      "end": 1209.039,
      "text": "OpenAI is a com I mean it was originally",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 494,
      "start": 1209.039,
      "end": 1211.919,
      "text": "founded as a nonprofit as I mentioned",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 495,
      "start": 1211.919,
      "end": 1215.44,
      "text": "and Alman specifically when he was",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 496,
      "start": 1215.44,
      "end": 1217.6,
      "text": "thinking about how do I make a",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 497,
      "start": 1217.6,
      "end": 1219.36,
      "text": "fundamental AI research lab that is",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 498,
      "start": 1219.36,
      "end": 1223.28,
      "text": "going to make a big splash he chose to",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 499,
      "start": 1223.28,
      "end": 1225.12,
      "text": "make it a nonprofit because he",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 500,
      "start": 1225.12,
      "end": 1228.24,
      "text": "identified that if he could not compete",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 501,
      "start": 1228.24,
      "end": 1231.44,
      "text": "on capital and he was relatively late to",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 502,
      "start": 1231.44,
      "end": 1233.2,
      "text": "the game Google already had a monopoly",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 503,
      "start": 1233.2,
      "end": 1235.2,
      "text": "on a lot of top AI research talent at",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 504,
      "start": 1235.2,
      "end": 1236.799,
      "text": "the time if he could not compete on",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 505,
      "start": 1236.799,
      "end": 1239.28,
      "text": "capital and he could not compete um in",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 506,
      "start": 1239.28,
      "end": 1241.52,
      "text": "in terms of being a first mover he",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 507,
      "start": 1241.52,
      "end": 1244.08,
      "text": "needed some other kind of ingredient",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 508,
      "start": 1244.08,
      "end": 1247.36,
      "text": "there to really recruit talent recruit",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 509,
      "start": 1247.36,
      "end": 1249.6,
      "text": "um public goodwill and establish a name",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 510,
      "start": 1249.6,
      "end": 1252.799,
      "text": "for open AAI so he identified a mission",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 511,
      "start": 1252.799,
      "end": 1254.64,
      "text": "he identified let me make this a",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 512,
      "start": 1254.64,
      "end": 1256.64,
      "text": "nonprofit and let me give it a really",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 513,
      "start": 1256.64,
      "end": 1258.159,
      "text": "compelling mission so the mission of",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 514,
      "start": 1258.159,
      "end": 1261.28,
      "text": "openai is to ensure artificial general",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 515,
      "start": 1261.28,
      "end": 1264.559,
      "text": "intelligence benefits all of humanity",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 516,
      "start": 1264.559,
      "end": 1266.88,
      "text": "And one of the quotes that I open my",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 517,
      "start": 1266.88,
      "end": 1270.559,
      "text": "book with is this quote that Sam Alman",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 518,
      "start": 1270.559,
      "end": 1274.4,
      "text": "cited himself in 2013 um in his blog. He",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 519,
      "start": 1274.4,
      "end": 1276.0,
      "text": "was an avid blogger back in the day",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 520,
      "start": 1276.0,
      "end": 1277.84,
      "text": "talking about his learnings on business",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 521,
      "start": 1277.84,
      "end": 1279.6,
      "text": "and strategy and Silicon Valley startup",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 522,
      "start": 1279.6,
      "end": 1283.6,
      "text": "life. And the quote is successful people",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 523,
      "start": 1283.6,
      "end": 1286.159,
      "text": "built companies, more successful people",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 524,
      "start": 1286.159,
      "end": 1288.559,
      "text": "build countries. The most successful",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 525,
      "start": 1288.559,
      "end": 1291.2,
      "text": "people build religions. And then he",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 526,
      "start": 1291.2,
      "end": 1292.96,
      "text": "reflects on that quote in his blog",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 527,
      "start": 1292.96,
      "end": 1295.679,
      "text": "saying, \"It appears to me that the best",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 528,
      "start": 1295.679,
      "end": 1297.52,
      "text": "way to build a religion is actually to",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 529,
      "start": 1297.52,
      "end": 1298.88,
      "text": "build a company.\"",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 530,
      "start": 1298.88,
      "end": 1301.76,
      "text": ">> And so talk about how Alman was then",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 531,
      "start": 1301.76,
      "end": 1304.24,
      "text": "forced out of the company and then came",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 532,
      "start": 1304.24,
      "end": 1306.24,
      "text": "back. And also I just found it so",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 533,
      "start": 1306.24,
      "end": 1308.159,
      "text": "fascinating that you were able to speak",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 534,
      "start": 1308.159,
      "end": 1310.4,
      "text": "with so many Open AI workers. You",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 535,
      "start": 1310.4,
      "end": 1312.48,
      "text": "thought there was a kind of total ban on",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 536,
      "start": 1312.48,
      "end": 1312.789,
      "text": "you.",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 537,
      "start": 1312.789,
      "end": 1312.799,
      "text": "you.",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 538,
      "start": 1312.799,
      "end": 1314.88,
      "text": ">> Yes. Yeah. Exactly. So I was the first",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 539,
      "start": 1314.88,
      "end": 1317.84,
      "text": "journalist to profile OpenAI. Um, I",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 540,
      "start": 1317.84,
      "end": 1319.36,
      "text": "embedded within the company for 3 days",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 541,
      "start": 1319.36,
      "end": 1321.6,
      "text": "in 2019 and then my profile published in",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 542,
      "start": 1321.6,
      "end": 1324.48,
      "text": "2020 for MIT technology review and at",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 543,
      "start": 1324.48,
      "end": 1326.88,
      "text": "the time I identified in the profile",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 544,
      "start": 1326.88,
      "end": 1329.12,
      "text": "this tension that I was seeing where it",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 545,
      "start": 1329.12,
      "end": 1332.0,
      "text": "was a nonprofit by name but behind the",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 546,
      "start": 1332.0,
      "end": 1333.76,
      "text": "scenes a lot of the public values that",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 547,
      "start": 1333.76,
      "end": 1335.6,
      "text": "they exposed were actually the opposite",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 548,
      "start": 1335.6,
      "end": 1337.36,
      "text": "of how they operated. So they espoused",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 549,
      "start": 1337.36,
      "end": 1338.96,
      "text": "transparency but they were highly",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 550,
      "start": 1338.96,
      "end": 1340.64,
      "text": "secretive. They espoused",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 551,
      "start": 1340.64,
      "end": 1342.159,
      "text": "collaboriveness. They were highly",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 552,
      "start": 1342.159,
      "end": 1344.48,
      "text": "competitive. and they espoused that they",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 553,
      "start": 1344.48,
      "end": 1346.72,
      "text": "had no commercial intent, but in fact it",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 554,
      "start": 1346.72,
      "end": 1348.72,
      "text": "seemed like they had just gotten a $1",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 555,
      "start": 1348.72,
      "end": 1350.559,
      "text": "billion investment from Microsoft. It",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 556,
      "start": 1350.559,
      "end": 1352.159,
      "text": "seems like they were rapidly going to",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 557,
      "start": 1352.159,
      "end": 1354.159,
      "text": "develop commercial intent. And so I",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 558,
      "start": 1354.159,
      "end": 1356.24,
      "text": "wrote that into the profile and OpenAI",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 559,
      "start": 1356.24,
      "end": 1358.32,
      "text": "was deeply unhappy about it and they",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 560,
      "start": 1358.32,
      "end": 1360.72,
      "text": "would not refuse to talk to me for 3",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 561,
      "start": 1360.72,
      "end": 1362.88,
      "text": "years. But when I started working on the",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 562,
      "start": 1362.88,
      "end": 1364.64,
      "text": "book, when I started reaching out to",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 563,
      "start": 1364.64,
      "end": 1366.48,
      "text": "employees, current and former, I",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 564,
      "start": 1366.48,
      "end": 1369.12,
      "text": "discovered that many employees actually",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 565,
      "start": 1369.12,
      "end": 1370.88,
      "text": "really liked the profile and they",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 566,
      "start": 1370.88,
      "end": 1372.799,
      "text": "specifically wanted to talk to me",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 567,
      "start": 1372.799,
      "end": 1375.039,
      "text": "because they thought that I would do",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 568,
      "start": 1375.039,
      "end": 1377.12,
      "text": "justice to the truth of what had",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 569,
      "start": 1377.12,
      "end": 1379.2,
      "text": "actually happened within the company and",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 570,
      "start": 1379.2,
      "end": 1382.799,
      "text": "be able to discover behind what the",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 571,
      "start": 1382.799,
      "end": 1385.52,
      "text": "executives mythologized and narrativized",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 572,
      "start": 1385.52,
      "end": 1387.52,
      "text": "about this technology [clears throat]",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 573,
      "start": 1387.52,
      "end": 1389.679,
      "text": "and about the course of this company. I",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 574,
      "start": 1389.679,
      "end": 1391.52,
      "text": "would be able to actually get beneath",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 575,
      "start": 1391.52,
      "end": 1393.679,
      "text": "that to the real heart of the matter.",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 576,
      "start": 1393.679,
      "end": 1396.48,
      "text": "And so um one of the things that you",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 577,
      "start": 1396.48,
      "end": 1398.96,
      "text": "really have to understand about AI",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 578,
      "start": 1398.96,
      "end": 1401.76,
      "text": "development today is that there are what",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 579,
      "start": 1401.76,
      "end": 1404.24,
      "text": "I call quasi religious movements that",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 580,
      "start": 1404.24,
      "end": 1406.72,
      "text": "have developed within Silicon Valley.",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 581,
      "start": 1406.72,
      "end": 1409.2,
      "text": "The concept of artificial general",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 582,
      "start": 1409.2,
      "end": 1411.6,
      "text": "intelligence is not one that's",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 583,
      "start": 1411.6,
      "end": 1414.4,
      "text": "scientifically grounded. It is this idea",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 584,
      "start": 1414.4,
      "end": 1416.48,
      "text": "that we can fundamentally recreate human",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 585,
      "start": 1416.48,
      "end": 1418.24,
      "text": "intelligence in computers. And this idea",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 586,
      "start": 1418.24,
      "end": 1420.159,
      "text": "has been around for actually a really",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 587,
      "start": 1420.159,
      "end": 1422.4,
      "text": "long time. The field of AI was founded",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 588,
      "start": 1422.4,
      "end": 1425.36,
      "text": "all the way back in the 1950s and that",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 589,
      "start": 1425.36,
      "end": 1426.64,
      "text": "was the original intent of the field.",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 590,
      "start": 1426.64,
      "end": 1428.32,
      "text": "How do we recreate intelligence in",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 591,
      "start": 1428.32,
      "end": 1430.08,
      "text": "computers? Can machines think? That was",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 592,
      "start": 1430.08,
      "end": 1431.76,
      "text": "the famous question that British",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 593,
      "start": 1431.76,
      "end": 1435.52,
      "text": "mathematician Alan Turing asked. But we",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 594,
      "start": 1435.52,
      "end": 1438.159,
      "text": "to this day do not have scientific",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 595,
      "start": 1438.159,
      "end": 1439.84,
      "text": "consensus around even what human",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 596,
      "start": 1439.84,
      "end": 1443.28,
      "text": "intelligence is. And so to peg an entire",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 597,
      "start": 1443.28,
      "end": 1445.84,
      "text": "research field and a technology to the",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 598,
      "start": 1445.84,
      "end": 1448.0,
      "text": "basis of human intelligence is a very",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 599,
      "start": 1448.0,
      "end": 1449.919,
      "text": "tricky endeavor because there are no",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 600,
      "start": 1449.919,
      "end": 1452.64,
      "text": "good metrics to assess have we actually",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 601,
      "start": 1452.64,
      "end": 1454.72,
      "text": "gotten there yet and there's no",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 602,
      "start": 1454.72,
      "end": 1457.6,
      "text": "blueprint to say what should AI look",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 603,
      "start": 1457.6,
      "end": 1459.36,
      "text": "like and how should it work and",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 604,
      "start": 1459.36,
      "end": 1462.159,
      "text": "ultimately who should it serve. And so",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 605,
      "start": 1462.159,
      "end": 1464.799,
      "text": "when OpenAI took up this mission of",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 606,
      "start": 1464.799,
      "end": 1466.799,
      "text": "artificial general intelligence, they",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 607,
      "start": 1466.799,
      "end": 1469.44,
      "text": "were able to essentially shape and mold",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 608,
      "start": 1469.44,
      "end": 1471.84,
      "text": "what they wanted this technology to be",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 609,
      "start": 1471.84,
      "end": 1474.0,
      "text": "based on what is most convenient for",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 610,
      "start": 1474.0,
      "end": 1476.64,
      "text": "them. But when they identified it, it",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 611,
      "start": 1476.64,
      "end": 1478.4,
      "text": "was at a time when scientists really",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 612,
      "start": 1478.4,
      "end": 1481.919,
      "text": "looked down on this term even AGI. And",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 613,
      "start": 1481.919,
      "end": 1485.279,
      "text": "so they absorbed just a small group of",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 614,
      "start": 1485.279,
      "end": 1488.559,
      "text": "self-identified AGI believers. This is",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 615,
      "start": 1488.559,
      "end": 1490.559,
      "text": "why I call it quasi religious because",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 616,
      "start": 1490.559,
      "end": 1492.159,
      "text": "there's no scientific evidence that we",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 617,
      "start": 1492.159,
      "end": 1494.72,
      "text": "can actually develop AGI. The people who",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 618,
      "start": 1494.72,
      "end": 1496.799,
      "text": "are strongly con have this strong",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 619,
      "start": 1496.799,
      "end": 1499.279,
      "text": "conviction that they will do it and that",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 620,
      "start": 1499.279,
      "end": 1501.52,
      "text": "it's going to happen soon. It is just",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 621,
      "start": 1501.52,
      "end": 1503.12,
      "text": "purely based on belief and they talk",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 622,
      "start": 1503.12,
      "end": 1505.279,
      "text": "about it as a belief too. But there are",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 623,
      "start": 1505.279,
      "end": 1507.44,
      "text": "two factions within this belief system",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 624,
      "start": 1507.44,
      "end": 1509.679,
      "text": "of the AGI religion. There are people",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 625,
      "start": 1509.679,
      "end": 1511.919,
      "text": "who think AGI is going to bring us to",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 626,
      "start": 1511.919,
      "end": 1513.919,
      "text": "utopia and there are people who think",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 627,
      "start": 1513.919,
      "end": 1516.799,
      "text": "AGI is going to destroy all of humanity.",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 628,
      "start": 1516.799,
      "end": 1518.72,
      "text": "Both of them believe that it is",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 629,
      "start": 1518.72,
      "end": 1520.559,
      "text": "possible. It's coming soon. And",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 630,
      "start": 1520.559,
      "end": 1523.36,
      "text": "therefore they conclude that they need",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 631,
      "start": 1523.36,
      "end": 1525.44,
      "text": "to be the ones to control the technology",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 632,
      "start": 1525.44,
      "end": 1527.52,
      "text": "and not democratize it. And this is",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 633,
      "start": 1527.52,
      "end": 1529.52,
      "text": "ultimately what leads to your question",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 634,
      "start": 1529.52,
      "end": 1531.679,
      "text": "of what happened when Sam Alman was",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 635,
      "start": 1531.679,
      "end": 1533.76,
      "text": "fired and rehired through the history of",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 636,
      "start": 1533.76,
      "end": 1536.08,
      "text": "OpenAI. There's been a lot of clashing",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 637,
      "start": 1536.08,
      "end": 1537.76,
      "text": "between the boomers and doomers about",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 638,
      "start": 1537.76,
      "end": 1538.64,
      "text": "who should actually",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 639,
      "start": 1538.64,
      "end": 1539.84,
      "text": ">> the boomers and doomers.",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 640,
      "start": 1539.84,
      "end": 1542.32,
      "text": ">> The boomers and the doomers. [laughter]",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 641,
      "start": 1542.32,
      "end": 1543.679,
      "text": ">> Those that say it'll bring us the",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 642,
      "start": 1543.679,
      "end": 1547.12,
      "text": "apocalypse. topia boomers and those that",
      "source": "source_caption",
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    },
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      "id": 643,
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      "end": 1549.84,
      "text": "say it'll destroy humanity. The doomers",
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    },
    {
      "id": 644,
      "start": 1549.84,
      "end": 1552.559,
      "text": "and they have clashed relentlessly and",
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      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 645,
      "start": 1552.559,
      "end": 1554.96,
      "text": "aggressively about how quickly to build",
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    },
    {
      "id": 646,
      "start": 1554.96,
      "end": 1556.64,
      "text": "the technology, how quickly to release",
      "source": "source_caption",
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    },
    {
      "id": 647,
      "start": 1556.64,
      "end": 1560.88,
      "text": "the technology and ultimately Altman is",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 648,
      "start": 1560.88,
      "end": 1564.799,
      "text": "one that he is really good at saying to",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 649,
      "start": 1564.799,
      "end": 1567.76,
      "text": "people what they need to hear and he",
      "source": "source_caption",
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    },
    {
      "id": 650,
      "start": 1567.76,
      "end": 1569.44,
      "text": "will say different things to different",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 651,
      "start": 1569.44,
      "end": 1570.96,
      "text": "people if he thinks they need to hear",
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      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 652,
      "start": 1570.96,
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      "text": "different things. So when I asked",
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    },
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      "id": 653,
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      "text": "boomers, is Altman a boomer? They said",
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    },
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      "id": 654,
      "start": 1574.32,
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      "text": "yes. When I asked doomers, is Altman a",
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      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 655,
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      "end": 1579.279,
      "text": "doomer? They said yes. And I want to",
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      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 656,
      "start": 1579.279,
      "end": 1583.52,
      "text": "take this up until today to um in",
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      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
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      "id": 657,
      "start": 1583.52,
      "end": 1585.279,
      "text": "January, the Trump administration",
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      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 658,
      "start": 1585.279,
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      "text": "announcing the Stargate project, a $500",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 659,
      "start": 1588.799,
      "end": 1591.36,
      "text": "billion project to boost AI",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 660,
      "start": 1591.36,
      "end": 1593.84,
      "text": "infrastructure in the United States.",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 661,
      "start": 1593.84,
      "end": 1596.48,
      "text": "This is Open AI Sam Alman speaking",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 662,
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      "text": "alongside President Trump.",
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      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 663,
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      "end": 1601.2,
      "text": "I think this will be the most important",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 664,
      "start": 1601.2,
      "end": 1603.44,
      "text": "project of this era and as Masa said for",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 665,
      "start": 1603.44,
      "end": 1605.919,
      "text": "AGI to get built here to create hundreds",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 666,
      "start": 1605.919,
      "end": 1607.919,
      "text": "of thousands of jobs to create a new",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 667,
      "start": 1607.919,
      "end": 1609.76,
      "text": "industry centered here. Uh we wouldn't",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 668,
      "start": 1609.76,
      "end": 1611.039,
      "text": "be able to do this without you Mr.",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 669,
      "start": 1611.039,
      "end": 1611.83,
      "text": "President.",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 670,
      "start": 1611.83,
      "end": 1611.84,
      "text": "President.",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 671,
      "start": 1611.84,
      "end": 1616.0,
      "text": ">> He also there referred to AGI um uh",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 672,
      "start": 1616.0,
      "end": 1618.96,
      "text": "artificial general intelligence. Explain",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 673,
      "start": 1618.96,
      "end": 1621.679,
      "text": "what happened here and what this is and",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 674,
      "start": 1621.679,
      "end": 1625.919,
      "text": "has it actually happened. So Altman",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 675,
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      "end": 1628.64,
      "text": "before Trump was elected",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 676,
      "start": 1628.64,
      "end": 1632.24,
      "text": "um he already was sensing through",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 677,
      "start": 1632.24,
      "end": 1634.08,
      "text": "observation that it was possible that",
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      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 678,
      "start": 1634.08,
      "end": 1635.919,
      "text": "the administration would shift and that",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 679,
      "start": 1635.919,
      "end": 1637.84,
      "text": "he would need to start politicking quite",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 680,
      "start": 1637.84,
      "end": 1641.279,
      "text": "heavily to ingruiate himself to a new",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 681,
      "start": 1641.279,
      "end": 1643.75,
      "text": "administration.",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 682,
      "start": 1643.75,
      "end": 1643.76,
      "text": "administration.",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 683,
      "start": 1643.76,
      "end": 1646.4,
      "text": "Alman is very strategic. Um he was under",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 684,
      "start": 1646.4,
      "end": 1648.08,
      "text": "a lot of pressure at the time as well",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 685,
      "start": 1648.08,
      "end": 1650.48,
      "text": "because his original co-founder Elon",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 686,
      "start": 1650.48,
      "end": 1653.039,
      "text": "Musk now has great beef with him. Uh",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 687,
      "start": 1653.039,
      "end": 1655.6,
      "text": "Musk feels like Alman used his name and",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 688,
      "start": 1655.6,
      "end": 1658.24,
      "text": "his money to set up OpenAI and then he",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 689,
      "start": 1658.24,
      "end": 1660.559,
      "text": "got nothing in return. So Musk had been",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 690,
      "start": 1660.559,
      "end": 1663.84,
      "text": "suing him, still suing him and suddenly",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 691,
      "start": 1663.84,
      "end": 1666.08,
      "text": "became first buddy of the Trump",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 692,
      "start": 1666.08,
      "end": 1668.88,
      "text": "administration. So Altman basically",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 693,
      "start": 1668.88,
      "end": 1671.6,
      "text": "cleverly orchestrated",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 694,
      "start": 1671.6,
      "end": 1674.799,
      "text": "a um this announcement where by the way",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 695,
      "start": 1674.799,
      "end": 1676.559,
      "text": "the the announcement is quite strange",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 696,
      "start": 1676.559,
      "end": 1679.039,
      "text": "because the Trump President Trump is not",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 697,
      "start": 1679.039,
      "end": 1681.6,
      "text": "it's not the US government giving $500",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 698,
      "start": 1681.6,
      "end": 1683.6,
      "text": "billion. It's private investment coming",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 699,
      "start": 1683.6,
      "end": 1687.36,
      "text": "into the US um from places like Soft",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 700,
      "start": 1687.36,
      "end": 1688.549,
      "text": "Bank",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 701,
      "start": 1688.549,
      "end": 1688.559,
      "text": "Bank",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 702,
      "start": 1688.559,
      "end": 1689.36,
      "text": ">> which is",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 703,
      "start": 1689.36,
      "end": 1691.039,
      "text": ">> uh which is one of the largest",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 704,
      "start": 1691.039,
      "end": 1693.84,
      "text": "investment funds um run by Masay Yoshi",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 705,
      "start": 1693.84,
      "end": 1696.88,
      "text": "Son a Japanese businessman who made a",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 706,
      "start": 1696.88,
      "end": 1698.399,
      "text": "lot of his wealth from the previous tech",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 707,
      "start": 1698.399,
      "end": 1700.72,
      "text": "era. So, so it's not even the US",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 708,
      "start": 1700.72,
      "end": 1702.24,
      "text": "government that's that's providing this",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 709,
      "start": 1702.24,
      "end": 1702.789,
      "text": "money.",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 710,
      "start": 1702.789,
      "end": 1702.799,
      "text": "money.",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 711,
      "start": 1702.799,
      "end": 1705.2,
      "text": ">> And take that right through to now that",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 712,
      "start": 1705.2,
      "end": 1709.36,
      "text": "Gulf trip that um Elon Musk was on, but",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 713,
      "start": 1709.36,
      "end": 1713.52,
      "text": "so was Sam Alman to the fury of Elon",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 714,
      "start": 1713.52,
      "end": 1716.88,
      "text": "Musk and then a deal was sealed in Abu",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 715,
      "start": 1716.88,
      "end": 1717.59,
      "text": "Dhabi.",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 716,
      "start": 1717.59,
      "end": 1717.6,
      "text": "Dhabi.",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 717,
      "start": 1717.6,
      "end": 1718.159,
      "text": "Dhabi. >> Yeah.",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 718,
      "start": 1718.159,
      "end": 1720.72,
      "text": ">> It didn't include Elon Musk but was",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 719,
      "start": 1720.72,
      "end": 1722.32,
      "text": "about open AI.",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 720,
      "start": 1722.32,
      "end": 1725.2,
      "text": ">> Exactly. So Altman has continued to try",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 721,
      "start": 1725.2,
      "end": 1730.48,
      "text": "and use the US government as a way to to",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 722,
      "start": 1730.48,
      "end": 1734.0,
      "text": "get access to more places and uh more",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 723,
      "start": 1734.0,
      "end": 1737.2,
      "text": "powerful spaces to build out this",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 724,
      "start": 1737.2,
      "end": 1739.919,
      "text": "empire. And one of the one of the things",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 725,
      "start": 1739.919,
      "end": 1741.76,
      "text": "because OpenAI's computational",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 726,
      "start": 1741.76,
      "end": 1744.799,
      "text": "infrastructure needs are so aggressive.",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 727,
      "start": 1744.799,
      "end": 1746.72,
      "text": "You know, I had an OpenAI employee tell",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 728,
      "start": 1746.72,
      "end": 1749.52,
      "text": "me we're running out of land and power.",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 729,
      "start": 1749.52,
      "end": 1751.679,
      "text": "So they are running out of resources in",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 730,
      "start": 1751.679,
      "end": 1753.36,
      "text": "the US which is why they're trying to",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 731,
      "start": 1753.36,
      "end": 1755.52,
      "text": "get access to land and energy in other",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 732,
      "start": 1755.52,
      "end": 1757.76,
      "text": "places. The Middle East has a lot of",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 733,
      "start": 1757.76,
      "end": 1759.679,
      "text": "land and has a lot of energy and they're",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 734,
      "start": 1759.679,
      "end": 1762.08,
      "text": "willing to strike deals and that is why",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 735,
      "start": 1762.08,
      "end": 1764.88,
      "text": "Altman was part of that trip looking to",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 736,
      "start": 1764.88,
      "end": 1766.399,
      "text": "strike a deal and what they the deal",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 737,
      "start": 1766.399,
      "end": 1769.44,
      "text": "that they struck was to build a massive",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 738,
      "start": 1769.44,
      "end": 1772.88,
      "text": "data center or multiple data centers in",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 739,
      "start": 1772.88,
      "end": 1775.36,
      "text": "the Middle East using their land and",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 740,
      "start": 1775.36,
      "end": 1777.919,
      "text": "their energy. But one of the things that",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 741,
      "start": 1777.919,
      "end": 1779.6,
      "text": "OpenAI has recently rolled out, they",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 742,
      "start": 1779.6,
      "end": 1782.559,
      "text": "call it the OpenAI for countries program",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 743,
      "start": 1782.559,
      "end": 1786.08,
      "text": "and it is this idea that they want to",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 744,
      "start": 1786.08,
      "end": 1789.12,
      "text": "install OpenAI hardware and software in",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 745,
      "start": 1789.12,
      "end": 1793.44,
      "text": "places around the world and explicitly",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 746,
      "start": 1793.44,
      "end": 1797.6,
      "text": "says we want to build democratic AI",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 747,
      "start": 1797.6,
      "end": 1799.11,
      "text": "rails.",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 748,
      "start": 1799.11,
      "end": 1799.12,
      "text": "rails.",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 749,
      "start": 1799.12,
      "end": 1801.44,
      "text": "We want to install our hardware and",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
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      "text": "software as a foundation of democratic",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
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      "id": 751,
      "start": 1805.039,
      "end": 1809.76,
      "text": "AI globally so that we can stop China",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 752,
      "start": 1809.76,
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      "text": "from installing authoritarian AI",
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    },
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      "id": 753,
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      "text": "globally. But the thing that he does not",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
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      "id": 754,
      "start": 1815.919,
      "end": 1818.799,
      "text": "acknowledge is that there is nothing",
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    },
    {
      "id": 755,
      "start": 1818.799,
      "end": 1821.36,
      "text": "democratic about what he's doing. You",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
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      "id": 756,
      "start": 1821.36,
      "end": 1823.36,
      "text": "know, the Atlantic executive editor says",
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      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
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      "id": 757,
      "start": 1823.36,
      "end": 1824.64,
      "text": "we need to call these companies for what",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
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      "id": 758,
      "start": 1824.64,
      "end": 1826.24,
      "text": "they are. They are techno",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 759,
      "start": 1826.24,
      "end": 1828.72,
      "text": "authoritarians. They do not ask the",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 760,
      "start": 1828.72,
      "end": 1831.36,
      "text": "public for any perspective on how they",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 761,
      "start": 1831.36,
      "end": 1833.039,
      "text": "develop the technology, what data they",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 762,
      "start": 1833.039,
      "end": 1834.799,
      "text": "train the technology on, where they",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 763,
      "start": 1834.799,
      "end": 1836.559,
      "text": "develop these data centers. In fact,",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 764,
      "start": 1836.559,
      "end": 1838.64,
      "text": "these data centers are often developed",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 765,
      "start": 1838.64,
      "end": 1841.36,
      "text": "in the cover of night um under shell",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 766,
      "start": 1841.36,
      "end": 1844.159,
      "text": "companies like Meta recently entered New",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 767,
      "start": 1844.159,
      "end": 1846.72,
      "text": "Mexico under the Shell company named",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 768,
      "start": 1846.72,
      "end": 1848.88,
      "text": "Greater Kudu LLC.",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 769,
      "start": 1848.88,
      "end": 1849.84,
      "text": ">> Greater Kudu.",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 770,
      "start": 1849.84,
      "end": 1852.799,
      "text": "LLC. And once the deal was",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 771,
      "start": 1852.799,
      "end": 1854.72,
      "text": "actually closed and the residents",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 772,
      "start": 1854.72,
      "end": 1856.08,
      "text": "couldn't do anything about anymore,",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 773,
      "start": 1856.08,
      "end": 1857.52,
      "text": "that's when it was revealed, surprise,",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 774,
      "start": 1857.52,
      "end": 1858.96,
      "text": "we're Meta and you're going to get a",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 775,
      "start": 1858.96,
      "end": 1860.48,
      "text": "data center that drinks all of your",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 776,
      "start": 1860.48,
      "end": 1861.039,
      "text": "fresh water.",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 777,
      "start": 1861.039,
      "end": 1862.159,
      "text": ">> And then there was this whole",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 778,
      "start": 1862.159,
      "end": 1864.32,
      "text": "controversy in Memphis around a data",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 779,
      "start": 1864.32,
      "end": 1864.95,
      "text": "center.",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 780,
      "start": 1864.95,
      "end": 1864.96,
      "text": "center.",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 781,
      "start": 1864.96,
      "end": 1867.279,
      "text": ">> Yes. So that is the data center that",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 782,
      "start": 1867.279,
      "end": 1869.279,
      "text": "Elon Musk is building. So meanwhile,",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 783,
      "start": 1869.279,
      "end": 1872.159,
      "text": "Musk is saying Alman is terrible.",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 784,
      "start": 1872.159,
      "end": 1874.32,
      "text": "Everyone should use my AI. And of",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 785,
      "start": 1874.32,
      "end": 1876.96,
      "text": "course, his AI is also being developed",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 786,
      "start": 1876.96,
      "end": 1879.12,
      "text": "using the same environmental and public",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 787,
      "start": 1879.12,
      "end": 1881.52,
      "text": "health costs. So he built this massive",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 788,
      "start": 1881.52,
      "end": 1883.6,
      "text": "supercomputer called Colossus in",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 789,
      "start": 1883.6,
      "end": 1885.039,
      "text": "Memphis, Tennessee that's training",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 790,
      "start": 1885.039,
      "end": 1887.36,
      "text": "Grock, the chatbot that people can",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 791,
      "start": 1887.36,
      "end": 1891.12,
      "text": "access through X and that is being",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 792,
      "start": 1891.12,
      "end": 1893.279,
      "text": "powered by",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 793,
      "start": 1893.279,
      "end": 1896.88,
      "text": "around 35 unlicensed methane gas",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 794,
      "start": 1896.88,
      "end": 1899.36,
      "text": "turbines that are pumping thousands of",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 795,
      "start": 1899.36,
      "end": 1903.44,
      "text": "tons of toxic air pollutants into the",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 796,
      "start": 1903.44,
      "end": 1905.44,
      "text": "greater Memphis community. And that",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 797,
      "start": 1905.44,
      "end": 1908.08,
      "text": "community has long suffered a lack of",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 798,
      "start": 1908.08,
      "end": 1911.039,
      "text": "access to clean air, a fundamental human",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 799,
      "start": 1911.039,
      "end": 1912.31,
      "text": "right.",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 800,
      "start": 1912.31,
      "end": 1912.32,
      "text": "right.",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 801,
      "start": 1912.32,
      "end": 1914.64,
      "text": ">> So I want to go to interestingly Sam",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 802,
      "start": 1914.64,
      "end": 1917.44,
      "text": "Alman testifying in front of Congress",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 803,
      "start": 1917.44,
      "end": 1919.919,
      "text": "about solutions to the high energy",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 804,
      "start": 1919.919,
      "end": 1923.279,
      "text": "consumption of artificial intelligence.",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 805,
      "start": 1923.279,
      "end": 1924.799,
      "text": ">> In the short term, I think this probably",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 806,
      "start": 1924.799,
      "end": 1928.0,
      "text": "looks like more natural gas. Um although",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 807,
      "start": 1928.0,
      "end": 1929.36,
      "text": "there are some applications where I",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 808,
      "start": 1929.36,
      "end": 1930.96,
      "text": "think solar can really help. In the",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 809,
      "start": 1930.96,
      "end": 1932.559,
      "text": "medium-term, I hope it's advanced",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 810,
      "start": 1932.559,
      "end": 1936.0,
      "text": "nuclear uh fish and fusion. More energy",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 811,
      "start": 1936.0,
      "end": 1937.919,
      "text": "is important well beyond AI.",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 812,
      "start": 1937.919,
      "end": 1941.039,
      "text": ">> So that's open AI's Sam Alman. This is",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 813,
      "start": 1941.039,
      "end": 1944.32,
      "text": "testifying before the Senate and talking",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 814,
      "start": 1944.32,
      "end": 1947.84,
      "text": "about everything from uh solar to",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 815,
      "start": 1947.84,
      "end": 1950.0,
      "text": "nuclear power. Something that was fought",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 816,
      "start": 1950.0,
      "end": 1951.6,
      "text": "in the United States by environmental",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 817,
      "start": 1951.6,
      "end": 1954.08,
      "text": "activists for decades. So you have these",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 818,
      "start": 1954.08,
      "end": 1956.88,
      "text": "huge old uh nuclear power plants, but",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 819,
      "start": 1956.88,
      "end": 1958.48,
      "text": "many say you can't make them safe no",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 820,
      "start": 1958.48,
      "end": 1961.2,
      "text": "matter how small. and smart you make",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 821,
      "start": 1961.2,
      "end": 1962.389,
      "text": "them.",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 822,
      "start": 1962.389,
      "end": 1962.399,
      "text": "them.",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 823,
      "start": 1962.399,
      "end": 1964.08,
      "text": ">> This is one of the things of the many",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 824,
      "start": 1964.08,
      "end": 1965.279,
      "text": "things that I'm concerned about with the",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 825,
      "start": 1965.279,
      "end": 1966.64,
      "text": "current trajectory of AI development.",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 826,
      "start": 1966.64,
      "end": 1969.12,
      "text": "This is a second order tertiary order",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 827,
      "start": 1969.12,
      "end": 1972.0,
      "text": "effect is that because these companies",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 828,
      "start": 1972.0,
      "end": 1975.279,
      "text": "are trying to claim that the AI",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 829,
      "start": 1975.279,
      "end": 1976.96,
      "text": "development approach they took doesn't",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 830,
      "start": 1976.96,
      "end": 1979.679,
      "text": "have climate harms. They are explicitly",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 831,
      "start": 1979.679,
      "end": 1981.44,
      "text": "evoking nuclear again and again and",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 832,
      "start": 1981.44,
      "end": 1983.519,
      "text": "again as nuclear will solve the problem.",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 833,
      "start": 1983.519,
      "end": 1985.36,
      "text": "And it has been effective. I have talked",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 834,
      "start": 1985.36,
      "end": 1987.6,
      "text": "with certain AI researchers who thought",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 835,
      "start": 1987.6,
      "end": 1989.44,
      "text": "the problem was solved because of",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 836,
      "start": 1989.44,
      "end": 1993.519,
      "text": "nuclear and in order to try and actually",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 837,
      "start": 1993.519,
      "end": 1997.039,
      "text": "build more and more nuclear plants, they",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 838,
      "start": 1997.039,
      "end": 1999.919,
      "text": "are lobbying governments to try and",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 839,
      "start": 1999.919,
      "end": 2004.0,
      "text": "unwind the regulatory structure around",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 840,
      "start": 2004.0,
      "end": 2005.519,
      "text": "nuclear power plant building. I mean",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 841,
      "start": 2005.519,
      "end": 2009.12,
      "text": "this is this is like crazy on so many",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 842,
      "start": 2009.12,
      "end": 2012.159,
      "text": "levels that they're not just trying to",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 843,
      "start": 2012.159,
      "end": 2014.159,
      "text": "develop these the AI technology",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 844,
      "start": 2014.159,
      "end": 2017.039,
      "text": "recklessly. They are also trying to lay",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 845,
      "start": 2017.039,
      "end": 2019.84,
      "text": "down infrastructure and nuclear",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 846,
      "start": 2019.84,
      "end": 2022.32,
      "text": "infrastructure in this move fast break",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 847,
      "start": 2022.32,
      "end": 2025.919,
      "text": "things ideology. But for those who um",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 848,
      "start": 2025.919,
      "end": 2027.519,
      "text": "are environmentalists and have long",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 849,
      "start": 2027.519,
      "end": 2030.48,
      "text": "opposed nuclear will they be sucked in",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 850,
      "start": 2030.48,
      "end": 2034.32,
      "text": "by the solar alternative? But that exact",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 851,
      "start": 2034.32,
      "end": 2037.919,
      "text": "so data centers have to run 247. So they",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 852,
      "start": 2037.919,
      "end": 2040.24,
      "text": "cannot actually run on just renewables.",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 853,
      "start": 2040.24,
      "end": 2042.799,
      "text": "That is why the companies keep trying to",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 854,
      "start": 2042.799,
      "end": 2046.96,
      "text": "evoke nuclear as the solve all but solar",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 855,
      "start": 2046.96,
      "end": 2049.44,
      "text": "does not actually work when we do not",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 856,
      "start": 2049.44,
      "end": 2051.599,
      "text": "have sufficient enough energy storage",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 857,
      "start": 2051.599,
      "end": 2054.399,
      "text": "solutions for that 24/7 operation. We'll",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 858,
      "start": 2054.399,
      "end": 2056.32,
      "text": "return to our conversation in a minute",
      "source": "source_caption",
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    },
    {
      "id": 859,
      "start": 2056.32,
      "end": 2058.879,
      "text": "with Karen How, author of the new book",
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    },
    {
      "id": 860,
      "start": 2058.879,
      "end": 2062.32,
      "text": "Empire of AI: Dreams and Nightmares in",
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      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 861,
      "start": 2062.32,
      "end": 2069.19,
      "text": "Sam Alman's Open AI. Stay with us.",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 862,
      "start": 2069.2,
      "end": 2072.8,
      "text": "This is Democracy Now! Democracynow.org.",
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      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 863,
      "start": 2072.8,
      "end": 2075.119,
      "text": "I'm Amy Goodman. In this holiday",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 864,
      "start": 2075.119,
      "end": 2076.48,
      "text": "special, we're speaking with the",
      "source": "source_caption",
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    },
    {
      "id": 865,
      "start": 2076.48,
      "end": 2079.28,
      "text": "journalist Karen How, author of the new",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 866,
      "start": 2079.28,
      "end": 2082.48,
      "text": "book Empire of AI: Dreams and Nightmares",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 867,
      "start": 2082.48,
      "end": 2085.679,
      "text": "in Sam Alman's Open AI. She came into",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 868,
      "start": 2085.679,
      "end": 2088.079,
      "text": "our studio in May. She lives in Hong",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 869,
      "start": 2088.079,
      "end": 2090.639,
      "text": "Kong. I asked her to talk about what's",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 870,
      "start": 2090.639,
      "end": 2093.2,
      "text": "happening in China around artificial",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 871,
      "start": 2093.2,
      "end": 2094.47,
      "text": "intelligence.",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 872,
      "start": 2094.47,
      "end": 2094.48,
      "text": "intelligence.",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 873,
      "start": 2094.48,
      "end": 2097.359,
      "text": ">> China and the US are the largest hubs",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 874,
      "start": 2097.359,
      "end": 2100.079,
      "text": "for AI research. They are the largest",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 875,
      "start": 2100.079,
      "end": 2102.079,
      "text": "concentration of AI research talent",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 876,
      "start": 2102.079,
      "end": 2105.52,
      "text": "globally. Um, China other than Silicon",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 877,
      "start": 2105.52,
      "end": 2107.2,
      "text": "Valley, China really is the only other",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 878,
      "start": 2107.2,
      "end": 2109.44,
      "text": "rival in terms of talent density and the",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 879,
      "start": 2109.44,
      "end": 2110.8,
      "text": "amount of capital investment and the",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 880,
      "start": 2110.8,
      "end": 2112.0,
      "text": "amount of infrastructure that is going",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 881,
      "start": 2112.0,
      "end": 2114.8,
      "text": "into AI development. In the last few",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 882,
      "start": 2114.8,
      "end": 2116.72,
      "text": "years, what we have seen is the US",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 883,
      "start": 2116.72,
      "end": 2119.44,
      "text": "government has been aggressively trying",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 884,
      "start": 2119.44,
      "end": 2122.48,
      "text": "to stay number one and one of the",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 885,
      "start": 2122.48,
      "end": 2125.44,
      "text": "mechanisms that they have used is export",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 886,
      "start": 2125.44,
      "end": 2128.56,
      "text": "controls. A key input into these AI",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 887,
      "start": 2128.56,
      "end": 2129.68,
      "text": "models is the computational",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 888,
      "start": 2129.68,
      "end": 2131.76,
      "text": "infrastructure and the computer chips",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 889,
      "start": 2131.76,
      "end": 2134.48,
      "text": "for installing into the data centers for",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 890,
      "start": 2134.48,
      "end": 2136.64,
      "text": "training these models. And these",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 891,
      "start": 2136.64,
      "end": 2139.04,
      "text": "computer chips are the in order to",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 892,
      "start": 2139.04,
      "end": 2141.2,
      "text": "develop the AI models. Companies are",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 893,
      "start": 2141.2,
      "end": 2143.04,
      "text": "using the most bleeding edge computer",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 894,
      "start": 2143.04,
      "end": 2145.52,
      "text": "chip technology. It's like the every two",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 895,
      "start": 2145.52,
      "end": 2147.2,
      "text": "years a new chip comes out and they",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 896,
      "start": 2147.2,
      "end": 2148.64,
      "text": "immediately start using that to train",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 897,
      "start": 2148.64,
      "end": 2151.359,
      "text": "the next generation of AI models. Those",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 898,
      "start": 2151.359,
      "end": 2153.76,
      "text": "computer chips are designed by American",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 899,
      "start": 2153.76,
      "end": 2155.76,
      "text": "companies, the most prominent one being",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 900,
      "start": 2155.76,
      "end": 2158.72,
      "text": "Nvidia in California. And so the US",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 901,
      "start": 2158.72,
      "end": 2161.2,
      "text": "government has been trying to use export",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 902,
      "start": 2161.2,
      "end": 2163.92,
      "text": "controls to prevent Chinese companies",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 903,
      "start": 2163.92,
      "end": 2165.599,
      "text": "from getting access to the most cutting",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 904,
      "start": 2165.599,
      "end": 2169.44,
      "text": "edge computer chips. That has all been",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 905,
      "start": 2169.44,
      "end": 2172.32,
      "text": "under the recommendation of Silicon",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 906,
      "start": 2172.32,
      "end": 2177.44,
      "text": "Valley saying this is the way to prevent",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 907,
      "start": 2177.44,
      "end": 2181.44,
      "text": "China from being number one. and like",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 908,
      "start": 2181.44,
      "end": 2183.119,
      "text": "put export controls on them and don't",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 909,
      "start": 2183.119,
      "end": 2185.119,
      "text": "regulate us at all so we can stay number",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 910,
      "start": 2185.119,
      "end": 2187.599,
      "text": "one and they will fall behind. What has",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 911,
      "start": 2187.599,
      "end": 2189.76,
      "text": "happened instead",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 912,
      "start": 2189.76,
      "end": 2192.8,
      "text": "is because there is a strong base of",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 913,
      "start": 2192.8,
      "end": 2195.839,
      "text": "talent of AI research talent in China",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 914,
      "start": 2195.839,
      "end": 2198.0,
      "text": "under the constraints of fewer",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 915,
      "start": 2198.0,
      "end": 2200.079,
      "text": "computational resources, Chinese",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 916,
      "start": 2200.079,
      "end": 2201.92,
      "text": "companies have actually been able to",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 917,
      "start": 2201.92,
      "end": 2204.48,
      "text": "innovate and develop the same level of",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 918,
      "start": 2204.48,
      "end": 2206.56,
      "text": "AI model capabilities as American",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 919,
      "start": 2206.56,
      "end": 2210.079,
      "text": "companies with two orders of magnitude",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 920,
      "start": 2210.079,
      "end": 2212.64,
      "text": "less computational resources, less",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 921,
      "start": 2212.64,
      "end": 2215.76,
      "text": "energy, less data. So, I'm talking",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 922,
      "start": 2215.76,
      "end": 2217.92,
      "text": "specifically about um the Chinese",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 923,
      "start": 2217.92,
      "end": 2220.24,
      "text": "company Highfire, which developed this",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 924,
      "start": 2220.24,
      "end": 2222.4,
      "text": "model called Deep Seek earlier this year",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 925,
      "start": 2222.4,
      "end": 2226.0,
      "text": "that briefly tanked the global economy",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 926,
      "start": 2226.0,
      "end": 2229.04,
      "text": "because the company said that their",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 927,
      "start": 2229.04,
      "end": 2232.32,
      "text": "their um training this one AI model cost",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 928,
      "start": 2232.32,
      "end": 2235.2,
      "text": "around $6 million when OpenAI was",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 929,
      "start": 2235.2,
      "end": 2238.56,
      "text": "training models that cost hundreds of",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 930,
      "start": 2238.56,
      "end": 2241.68,
      "text": "millions if not over tens of billions of",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 931,
      "start": 2241.68,
      "end": 2246.4,
      "text": "dollars. And that delta demonstrated to",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 932,
      "start": 2246.4,
      "end": 2249.359,
      "text": "people that this what Silicon Valley has",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 933,
      "start": 2249.359,
      "end": 2250.64,
      "text": "tried to convince everyone for the last",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 934,
      "start": 2250.64,
      "end": 2252.48,
      "text": "few years that this is the only path to",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 935,
      "start": 2252.48,
      "end": 2255.92,
      "text": "getting more AI capabilities is totally",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 936,
      "start": 2255.92,
      "end": 2259.04,
      "text": "false and actually the techniques that",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 937,
      "start": 2259.04,
      "end": 2261.68,
      "text": "chi the Chinese company was using were",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 938,
      "start": 2261.68,
      "end": 2264.24,
      "text": "ones that existed in the literature and",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 939,
      "start": 2264.24,
      "end": 2266.56,
      "text": "just had to be assembled. They used a",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 940,
      "start": 2266.56,
      "end": 2268.16,
      "text": "lot of engineering sophistication to do",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 941,
      "start": 2268.16,
      "end": 2270.48,
      "text": "that, but they weren't actually using",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 942,
      "start": 2270.48,
      "end": 2272.8,
      "text": "fundamentally new techniques. They were",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 943,
      "start": 2272.8,
      "end": 2274.4,
      "text": "ones that actually already existed.",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 944,
      "start": 2274.4,
      "end": 2276.72,
      "text": ">> So explain it further because I think a",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 945,
      "start": 2276.72,
      "end": 2278.72,
      "text": "lot of people just can't get their minds",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 946,
      "start": 2278.72,
      "end": 2280.8,
      "text": "around this. How do you do this",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 947,
      "start": 2280.8,
      "end": 2282.55,
      "text": "training?",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 948,
      "start": 2282.55,
      "end": 2282.56,
      "text": "training?",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 949,
      "start": 2282.56,
      "end": 2285.119,
      "text": ">> So there's software called neural",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 950,
      "start": 2285.119,
      "end": 2288.24,
      "text": "networks which is essentially a massive",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 951,
      "start": 2288.24,
      "end": 2291.28,
      "text": "statistical engine. is doing lots and",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 952,
      "start": 2291.28,
      "end": 2293.76,
      "text": "lots of sophisticated statistical",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 953,
      "start": 2293.76,
      "end": 2296.64,
      "text": "computation to try and ascertain what",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 954,
      "start": 2296.64,
      "end": 2299.599,
      "text": "kinds of patterns exist in data sets. So",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 955,
      "start": 2299.599,
      "end": 2301.599,
      "text": "typically in in the past before we got",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 956,
      "start": 2301.599,
      "end": 2303.52,
      "text": "to large language models it would be",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 957,
      "start": 2303.52,
      "end": 2306.0,
      "text": "doing something like um looking at MRI",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 958,
      "start": 2306.0,
      "end": 2309.2,
      "text": "scans and checking the patterns of what",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 959,
      "start": 2309.2,
      "end": 2311.2,
      "text": "what does cancer look like in an MRI",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 960,
      "start": 2311.2,
      "end": 2314.56,
      "text": "scan. Um now with GBT what it's looking",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 961,
      "start": 2314.56,
      "end": 2316.4,
      "text": "at is what are the patterns of the",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 962,
      "start": 2316.4,
      "end": 2318.32,
      "text": "English language? what is the syntax,",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 963,
      "start": 2318.32,
      "end": 2320.88,
      "text": "the structure, figures of speech that",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 964,
      "start": 2320.88,
      "end": 2324.16,
      "text": "are typically used and then it uses",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 965,
      "start": 2324.16,
      "end": 2326.24,
      "text": "those patterns to construct new",
      "source": "source_caption",
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    },
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      "text": "sentences. That's how generative AI",
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    },
    {
      "id": 967,
      "start": 2328.64,
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      "text": "works. And the reason why it's so",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 968,
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      "text": "computationally expensive is because",
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    },
    {
      "id": 969,
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      "text": "it's crunching the numbers for those",
      "source": "source_caption",
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    },
    {
      "id": 970,
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      "text": "patterns. And the more data you feed in,",
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      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 971,
      "start": 2337.839,
      "end": 2341.119,
      "text": "the more it has to crunch. And so it we",
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      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 972,
      "start": 2341.119,
      "end": 2343.68,
      "text": "used to train these AI models on you",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 973,
      "start": 2343.68,
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      "text": "know a powerful laptop like maybe one",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 974,
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      "text": "computer chip maybe the richest labs",
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    },
    {
      "id": 975,
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      "text": "academic labs like MIT they would be uh",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 976,
      "start": 2352.64,
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      "text": "training on a couple or a dozen computer",
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    },
    {
      "id": 977,
      "start": 2355.92,
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      "text": "chips and companies like Google they",
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    },
    {
      "id": 978,
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      "text": "would be training maybe on a couple",
      "source": "source_caption",
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    },
    {
      "id": 979,
      "start": 2360.24,
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      "text": "hundred computer chips. We are now",
      "source": "source_caption",
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    },
    {
      "id": 980,
      "start": 2362.32,
      "end": 2364.64,
      "text": "talking about hundreds of thousands of",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 981,
      "start": 2364.64,
      "end": 2367.68,
      "text": "computer chips training a single model.",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 982,
      "start": 2367.68,
      "end": 2371.119,
      "text": "Um and that is the you know that is what",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 983,
      "start": 2371.119,
      "end": 2374.56,
      "text": "open AI says is necessary to build these",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 984,
      "start": 2374.56,
      "end": 2377.119,
      "text": "technologies and that is what deepseek",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 985,
      "start": 2377.119,
      "end": 2379.92,
      "text": "proved wrong. So, let me ask you",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 986,
      "start": 2379.92,
      "end": 2382.96,
      "text": "something, Karen. uh the latest news um",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 987,
      "start": 2382.96,
      "end": 2385.119,
      "text": "as you're traveling in the United States",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 988,
      "start": 2385.119,
      "end": 2388.16,
      "text": "before you go back to Hong Kong uh of",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 989,
      "start": 2388.16,
      "end": 2391.68,
      "text": "Trump's attack on academia, how this",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 990,
      "start": 2391.68,
      "end": 2395.76,
      "text": "fits in. Um how could Trump's attack on",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 991,
      "start": 2395.76,
      "end": 2398.64,
      "text": "international students specifically",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 992,
      "start": 2398.64,
      "end": 2401.76,
      "text": "targeting the what more than 250,000 a",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 993,
      "start": 2401.76,
      "end": 2404.24,
      "text": "quarter of a million Chinese students",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 994,
      "start": 2404.24,
      "end": 2407.44,
      "text": "and revoking their visas impact the",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 995,
      "start": 2407.44,
      "end": 2409.599,
      "text": "future of the AI industry. But not just",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 996,
      "start": 2409.599,
      "end": 2411.839,
      "text": "Chinese students because what's going on",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 997,
      "start": 2411.839,
      "end": 2415.119,
      "text": "here now is terrifying students around",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 998,
      "start": 2415.119,
      "end": 2418.0,
      "text": "the world and because labs are shutting",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 999,
      "start": 2418.0,
      "end": 2421.28,
      "text": "down in all kinds of ways here uh US",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1000,
      "start": 2421.28,
      "end": 2423.839,
      "text": "students as well uh deciding to go",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1001,
      "start": 2423.839,
      "end": 2425.51,
      "text": "abroad.",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1002,
      "start": 2425.51,
      "end": 2425.52,
      "text": "abroad.",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1003,
      "start": 2425.52,
      "end": 2428.079,
      "text": "This is just the latest action that the",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1004,
      "start": 2428.079,
      "end": 2429.92,
      "text": "US government has taken over the last",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1005,
      "start": 2429.92,
      "end": 2433.92,
      "text": "few years to really alienate a key",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1006,
      "start": 2433.92,
      "end": 2438.32,
      "text": "talent pool for US innovation.",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1007,
      "start": 2438.32,
      "end": 2440.8,
      "text": "Originally, there were more Chinese",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1008,
      "start": 2440.8,
      "end": 2442.48,
      "text": "researchers working in the US",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1009,
      "start": 2442.48,
      "end": 2445.839,
      "text": "contributing to US AI than there were in",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1010,
      "start": 2445.839,
      "end": 2448.72,
      "text": "China because [snorts] just a few years",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1011,
      "start": 2448.72,
      "end": 2452.16,
      "text": "ago, Chinese researchers aspired to work",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1012,
      "start": 2452.16,
      "end": 2455.44,
      "text": "for American companies. They wanted to",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1013,
      "start": 2455.44,
      "end": 2457.599,
      "text": "move to the US. They wanted to",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1014,
      "start": 2457.599,
      "end": 2460.72,
      "text": "contribute to the US economy. They",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1015,
      "start": 2460.72,
      "end": 2462.96,
      "text": "didn't want to go back to their home",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1016,
      "start": 2462.96,
      "end": 2465.76,
      "text": "country. But because of what was called",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1017,
      "start": 2465.76,
      "end": 2468.64,
      "text": "the China Initiative, which was the a",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1018,
      "start": 2468.64,
      "end": 2471.76,
      "text": "first Trump era initiative to try and",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1019,
      "start": 2471.76,
      "end": 2473.76,
      "text": "criminalize Chinese academics or",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1020,
      "start": 2473.76,
      "end": 2475.92,
      "text": "ethnically Chinese academics, some of",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1021,
      "start": 2475.92,
      "end": 2478.96,
      "text": "whom were actually Americans um based on",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1022,
      "start": 2478.96,
      "end": 2481.92,
      "text": "just paperwork errors. They would accuse",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1023,
      "start": 2481.92,
      "end": 2484.48,
      "text": "them of being spies. That was one of the",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1024,
      "start": 2484.48,
      "end": 2486.48,
      "text": "first actions. Then of course the",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1025,
      "start": 2486.48,
      "end": 2488.319,
      "text": "pandemic happened and the USChina trade",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1026,
      "start": 2488.319,
      "end": 2490.8,
      "text": "escalations started amplifying",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1027,
      "start": 2490.8,
      "end": 2494.72,
      "text": "anti-Chinese rhetoric. All of these led",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1028,
      "start": 2494.72,
      "end": 2497.04,
      "text": "and now with the potential ban on",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1029,
      "start": 2497.04,
      "end": 2499.599,
      "text": "international students. All of these",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1030,
      "start": 2499.599,
      "end": 2501.76,
      "text": "have led more and more Chinese",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1031,
      "start": 2501.76,
      "end": 2504.8,
      "text": "researchers to just opt for staying at",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1032,
      "start": 2504.8,
      "end": 2507.599,
      "text": "home and contributing to the Chinese AI",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1033,
      "start": 2507.599,
      "end": 2511.119,
      "text": "ecosystem. And this was a prerequisite",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1034,
      "start": 2511.119,
      "end": 2514.319,
      "text": "to High-fly pulling off Deepseek. If",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1035,
      "start": 2514.319,
      "end": 2516.8,
      "text": "there had not been that concentration",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1036,
      "start": 2516.8,
      "end": 2520.8,
      "text": "and buildup of AI talent in China, they",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1037,
      "start": 2520.8,
      "end": 2523.28,
      "text": "probably would have had a much harder",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1038,
      "start": 2523.28,
      "end": 2527.359,
      "text": "time innovating around circumventing",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1039,
      "start": 2527.359,
      "end": 2529.359,
      "text": "these export controls that the US",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1040,
      "start": 2529.359,
      "end": 2531.04,
      "text": "government was imposing on them. But",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1041,
      "start": 2531.04,
      "end": 2533.839,
      "text": "because they now have a high",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1042,
      "start": 2533.839,
      "end": 2537.119,
      "text": "concentration of top talent, some of the",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1043,
      "start": 2537.119,
      "end": 2539.76,
      "text": "top talent globally,",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1044,
      "start": 2539.76,
      "end": 2541.68,
      "text": "when those restrictions were imposed,",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1045,
      "start": 2541.68,
      "end": 2544.4,
      "text": "they were able to innovate around them.",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1046,
      "start": 2544.4,
      "end": 2546.96,
      "text": "So Deepseek is literally a product of",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1047,
      "start": 2546.96,
      "end": 2549.839,
      "text": "this continuation of that alienation and",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1048,
      "start": 2549.839,
      "end": 2551.68,
      "text": "with the US continuing to take this",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1049,
      "start": 2551.68,
      "end": 2554.0,
      "text": "stance, it is just going to get worse.",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1050,
      "start": 2554.0,
      "end": 2555.52,
      "text": "And as you mentioned, it's not just",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1051,
      "start": 2555.52,
      "end": 2558.16,
      "text": "Chinese researchers. I literally just",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1052,
      "start": 2558.16,
      "end": 2560.88,
      "text": "talked to a friend in academia that said",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1053,
      "start": 2560.88,
      "end": 2563.04,
      "text": "she's considering going to Europe now",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1054,
      "start": 2563.04,
      "end": 2565.68,
      "text": "because she just cannot survive without",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1055,
      "start": 2565.68,
      "end": 2568.56,
      "text": "that public funding. And Europe European",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1056,
      "start": 2568.56,
      "end": 2569.92,
      "text": "countries are seeing a critical",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1057,
      "start": 2569.92,
      "end": 2572.4,
      "text": "opportunity offering milliondoll",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1058,
      "start": 2572.4,
      "end": 2574.72,
      "text": "packages. Come here, we'll give you a",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1059,
      "start": 2574.72,
      "end": 2576.4,
      "text": "lab. We'll give you millions of dollars",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1060,
      "start": 2576.4,
      "end": 2579.599,
      "text": "of funding. I mean this is the fastest",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1061,
      "start": 2579.599,
      "end": 2581.359,
      "text": "way to brain drain this country.",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1062,
      "start": 2581.359,
      "end": 2584.079,
      "text": ">> I mean what many are saying US's brain",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1063,
      "start": 2584.079,
      "end": 2586.88,
      "text": "drain is their brain gain. Yes.",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1064,
      "start": 2586.88,
      "end": 2589.839,
      "text": ">> And this also reminds us of history. You",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1065,
      "start": 2589.839,
      "end": 2593.52,
      "text": "have the Chinese rocket scientist Chen",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1066,
      "start": 2593.52,
      "end": 2598.48,
      "text": "Shuen who in the 1950s was inexplicably",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1067,
      "start": 2598.48,
      "end": 2600.56,
      "text": "held under house arrest for years and",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1068,
      "start": 2600.56,
      "end": 2602.72,
      "text": "then Eisenhower has him deported to",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1069,
      "start": 2602.72,
      "end": 2605.28,
      "text": "China. He becomes the father of rocket",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1070,
      "start": 2605.28,
      "end": 2608.8,
      "text": "science and uh China's entry into space.",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1071,
      "start": 2608.8,
      "end": 2610.96,
      "text": "And he said he would never again step",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1072,
      "start": 2610.96,
      "end": 2612.88,
      "text": "foot into the United States even though",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1073,
      "start": 2612.88,
      "end": 2614.4,
      "text": "originally that was the only place he",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1074,
      "start": 2614.4,
      "end": 2615.2,
      "text": "wanted to live.",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1075,
      "start": 2615.2,
      "end": 2617.44,
      "text": ">> Yes. And there was a I believe a",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1076,
      "start": 2617.44,
      "end": 2619.44,
      "text": "government official, a US government",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1077,
      "start": 2619.44,
      "end": 2621.92,
      "text": "official who said that was the dumbest",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1078,
      "start": 2621.92,
      "end": 2625.44,
      "text": "mistake the US ever made.",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1079,
      "start": 2625.44,
      "end": 2628.24,
      "text": ">> Um you we talk about the brain drain and",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1080,
      "start": 2628.24,
      "end": 2630.8,
      "text": "the brain gain. Okay. Again, uh some",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1081,
      "start": 2630.8,
      "end": 2633.04,
      "text": "more rhyming, the doomers and the",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1082,
      "start": 2633.04,
      "end": 2636.64,
      "text": "boomers. Um, I want to talk about what",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1083,
      "start": 2636.64,
      "end": 2640.0,
      "text": "an AI apocalypse looks like, meaning how",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1084,
      "start": 2640.0,
      "end": 2644.56,
      "text": "it brings us to apocalypse, but also um",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1085,
      "start": 2644.56,
      "end": 2648.16,
      "text": "how uh people say it could lead us to a",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1086,
      "start": 2648.16,
      "end": 2651.119,
      "text": "utopia. What are the two tracks",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1087,
      "start": 2651.119,
      "end": 2653.349,
      "text": "trajectories?",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1088,
      "start": 2653.349,
      "end": 2653.359,
      "text": "trajectories?",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1089,
      "start": 2653.359,
      "end": 2655.52,
      "text": ">> It's a great question and I ask boomers",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1090,
      "start": 2655.52,
      "end": 2657.2,
      "text": "and doomers this all the time. Can you",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1091,
      "start": 2657.2,
      "end": 2659.68,
      "text": "articulate to me exactly how we get",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1092,
      "start": 2659.68,
      "end": 2661.2,
      "text": "there? And the issue is that they",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1093,
      "start": 2661.2,
      "end": 2663.359,
      "text": "cannot. And this is why I call it quasi",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1094,
      "start": 2663.359,
      "end": 2666.0,
      "text": "religious. It really is based on belief.",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1095,
      "start": 2666.0,
      "end": 2667.119,
      "text": "I mean, I was talking with one",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1096,
      "start": 2667.119,
      "end": 2670.079,
      "text": "researcher who identified as a boomer.",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1097,
      "start": 2670.079,
      "end": 2672.88,
      "text": "And I said, you know, he his his eyes",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1098,
      "start": 2672.88,
      "end": 2674.8,
      "text": "were wide and he he really lit up",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1099,
      "start": 2674.8,
      "end": 2676.56,
      "text": "saying, you know, once we get to AGI,",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1100,
      "start": 2676.56,
      "end": 2679.359,
      "text": "game over. Everything becomes perfect.",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1101,
      "start": 2679.359,
      "end": 2682.079,
      "text": "And I asked him, I was like, can you",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1102,
      "start": 2682.079,
      "end": 2684.48,
      "text": "explain to me how does AGI feed people",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1103,
      "start": 2684.48,
      "end": 2686.48,
      "text": "that haven't don't have food on the",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1104,
      "start": 2686.48,
      "end": 2689.76,
      "text": "table right now? And he was like, \"Oh,",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1105,
      "start": 2689.76,
      "end": 2691.68,
      "text": "you're talking about like the floor",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1106,
      "start": 2691.68,
      "end": 2694.8,
      "text": "floor and how to elevate their quality",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1107,
      "start": 2694.8,
      "end": 2696.72,
      "text": "of life.\" And I was like, \"Yes, because",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1108,
      "start": 2696.72,
      "end": 2699.68,
      "text": "they are also part of all of humanity.\"",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1109,
      "start": 2699.68,
      "end": 2701.44,
      "text": "And he was like, \"I'm not really sure",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1110,
      "start": 2701.44,
      "end": 2702.8,
      "text": "how that would happen, but I think it",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1111,
      "start": 2702.8,
      "end": 2704.64,
      "text": "could it could help the middle class get",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1112,
      "start": 2704.64,
      "end": 2707.44,
      "text": "more economic opportunity.\" And I was",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1113,
      "start": 2707.44,
      "end": 2708.8,
      "text": "like, \"Okay, but how does that happen as",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1114,
      "start": 2708.8,
      "end": 2709.92,
      "text": "well?\" And he was like, \"Well, once",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1115,
      "start": 2709.92,
      "end": 2711.839,
      "text": "these come once we have AGI and it can",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1116,
      "start": 2711.839,
      "end": 2714.24,
      "text": "just create trillions of dollars of",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1117,
      "start": 2714.24,
      "end": 2715.839,
      "text": "economic value, we can just give them",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1118,
      "start": 2715.839,
      "end": 2717.839,
      "text": "cash payouts.\" And I was like, who's",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1119,
      "start": 2717.839,
      "end": 2719.119,
      "text": "giving them cash payouts? What",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1120,
      "start": 2719.119,
      "end": 2720.56,
      "text": "institutions are giving them? You know,",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1121,
      "start": 2720.56,
      "end": 2722.72,
      "text": "like it it doesn't when you actually",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1122,
      "start": 2722.72,
      "end": 2725.44,
      "text": "test their logic, it doesn't really",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1123,
      "start": 2725.44,
      "end": 2728.319,
      "text": "hold. And with the doomers, I mean, it's",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1124,
      "start": 2728.319,
      "end": 2732.319,
      "text": "the same thing. like their belief is",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1125,
      "start": 2732.319,
      "end": 2733.91,
      "text": "ultimately",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1126,
      "start": 2733.91,
      "end": 2733.92,
      "text": "ultimately",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1127,
      "start": 2733.92,
      "end": 2735.44,
      "text": "what I realized when reporting on the",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1128,
      "start": 2735.44,
      "end": 2737.92,
      "text": "book is they believe AGI is possible",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1129,
      "start": 2737.92,
      "end": 2739.76,
      "text": "because of their belief of how the human",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1130,
      "start": 2739.76,
      "end": 2741.76,
      "text": "brain works. They believe human",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1131,
      "start": 2741.76,
      "end": 2744.24,
      "text": "intelligence is inherently fully",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1132,
      "start": 2744.24,
      "end": 2746.48,
      "text": "computational. So if you have enough",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1133,
      "start": 2746.48,
      "end": 2748.56,
      "text": "data and you have enough computational",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1134,
      "start": 2748.56,
      "end": 2751.2,
      "text": "resources, you will inevitably be able",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1135,
      "start": 2751.2,
      "end": 2753.04,
      "text": "to recreate human intelligence. It's",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1136,
      "start": 2753.04,
      "end": 2756.079,
      "text": "just a matter of time. And to them, the",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1137,
      "start": 2756.079,
      "end": 2757.599,
      "text": "reason why there would that would lead",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1138,
      "start": 2757.599,
      "end": 2761.2,
      "text": "to an apocalyptic scenario is humans, we",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1139,
      "start": 2761.2,
      "end": 2762.64,
      "text": "learn and improve our intelligence",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1140,
      "start": 2762.64,
      "end": 2765.119,
      "text": "through communication. And communication",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1141,
      "start": 2765.119,
      "end": 2767.92,
      "text": "is inefficient. We miscommunicate all",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1142,
      "start": 2767.92,
      "end": 2772.8,
      "text": "the time. And so for AI intelligences,",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1143,
      "start": 2772.8,
      "end": 2775.2,
      "text": "they would be able to rapidly get",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1144,
      "start": 2775.2,
      "end": 2777.2,
      "text": "smarter and smarter and smarter by",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1145,
      "start": 2777.2,
      "end": 2779.28,
      "text": "having perfect communication with one",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1146,
      "start": 2779.28,
      "end": 2782.56,
      "text": "another as digital intelligences. And so",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1147,
      "start": 2782.56,
      "end": 2784.24,
      "text": "many of these people who selfidentify as",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1148,
      "start": 2784.24,
      "end": 2786.8,
      "text": "doomers say there has never been in the",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1149,
      "start": 2786.8,
      "end": 2790.48,
      "text": "history of the the universe a species",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1150,
      "start": 2790.48,
      "end": 2793.04,
      "text": "that was superior to another species a a",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1151,
      "start": 2793.04,
      "end": 2796.64,
      "text": "species that was able to rule over um a",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1152,
      "start": 2796.64,
      "end": 2799.2,
      "text": "more superior species. So they think",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1153,
      "start": 2799.2,
      "end": 2801.92,
      "text": "that ultimately AI will evolve into a",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1154,
      "start": 2801.92,
      "end": 2805.28,
      "text": "higher species and then start ruling us",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1155,
      "start": 2805.28,
      "end": 2807.2,
      "text": "and then maybe decide to get rid of us",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1156,
      "start": 2807.2,
      "end": 2810.8,
      "text": "altogether. I'm wondering if you can",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1157,
      "start": 2810.8,
      "end": 2814.319,
      "text": "talk about any model of a country, not a",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1158,
      "start": 2814.319,
      "end": 2815.43,
      "text": "company,",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1159,
      "start": 2815.43,
      "end": 2815.44,
      "text": "company,",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1160,
      "start": 2815.44,
      "end": 2819.44,
      "text": ">> that is pioneering a way of",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1161,
      "start": 2819.44,
      "end": 2821.52,
      "text": "democratically controlled artificial",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1162,
      "start": 2821.52,
      "end": 2823.589,
      "text": "intelligence.",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1163,
      "start": 2823.589,
      "end": 2823.599,
      "text": "intelligence.",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1164,
      "start": 2823.599,
      "end": 2825.599,
      "text": ">> I don't think it's actively happening",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1165,
      "start": 2825.599,
      "end": 2827.44,
      "text": "right now.",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1166,
      "start": 2827.44,
      "end": 2830.8,
      "text": "The EU has had the EU AI act, which is",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1167,
      "start": 2830.8,
      "end": 2833.04,
      "text": "their major piece of legislation trying",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1168,
      "start": 2833.04,
      "end": 2835.599,
      "text": "to develop a riskbased, rightsbased",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1169,
      "start": 2835.599,
      "end": 2839.599,
      "text": "framework for governing AI um",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1170,
      "start": 2839.599,
      "end": 2841.109,
      "text": "deployment.",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1171,
      "start": 2841.109,
      "end": 2841.119,
      "text": "deployment.",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1172,
      "start": 2841.119,
      "end": 2842.63,
      "text": "deployment. But",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1173,
      "start": 2842.63,
      "end": 2842.64,
      "text": "But",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1174,
      "start": 2842.64,
      "end": 2845.599,
      "text": "to me, one of the keys of democratic AI",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1175,
      "start": 2845.599,
      "end": 2847.76,
      "text": "governance is also democratically",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1176,
      "start": 2847.76,
      "end": 2850.88,
      "text": "developing AI. And I don't think any",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1177,
      "start": 2850.88,
      "end": 2853.04,
      "text": "country is really doing that. And what I",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1178,
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      "text": "mean by that is there are AI has a",
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      "text": "done a really good job over the last",
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    {
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      "text": "decade of making people feel that their",
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    {
      "id": 1187,
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      "text": "collectively owned resources are Silicon",
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      "id": 1188,
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      "text": "Valleys. You know, I have I talk with",
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      "id": 1189,
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      "text": "friends all the time who say, \"We don't",
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      "id": 1191,
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      "text": "what's more what's what is more data to",
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      "text": "these companies? Like, I'm fine just",
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      "id": 1193,
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      "text": "giving them all of my data. But that",
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    {
      "id": 1194,
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      "text": "data is yours. You know, that",
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    },
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      "id": 1195,
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      "text": "intellectual property is the writers and",
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      "text": "artists intellectual property. That land",
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    },
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      "text": "is a community's land. Those schools are",
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    },
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      "text": "the students and teachers schools. The",
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    },
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      "text": "hospitals are the doctors and nurses and",
      "source": "source_caption",
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      "text": "patients hospitals. These are all sites",
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      "text": "of democratic contestation in the",
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    },
    {
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      "text": "deployment in the development and the",
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    },
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    },
    {
      "id": 1204,
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      "text": "Chilean water activists that we talked",
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    },
    {
      "id": 1205,
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      "text": "about who aggressively understood that",
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      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1206,
      "start": 2918.72,
      "end": 2921.04,
      "text": "that fresh water was theirs and they",
      "source": "source_caption",
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    },
    {
      "id": 1207,
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      "text": "were not willing to give it up unless",
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    },
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      "id": 1208,
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      "text": "they got some kind of mutually",
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      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1209,
      "start": 2924.24,
      "end": 2927.68,
      "text": "beneficial agreement for it. We need to",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1210,
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      "end": 2931.04,
      "text": "have that spirit in protecting",
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    },
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      "id": 1211,
      "start": 2931.04,
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      "text": "our data, our land, our water, and our",
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    },
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      "text": "schools so that companies inevitably",
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    },
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      "id": 1213,
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      "text": "will have to adjust their approach",
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    },
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      "id": 1214,
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      "text": "because they will no longer get access",
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    },
    {
      "id": 1215,
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      "text": "to the resources they need or the spaces",
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    },
    {
      "id": 1216,
      "start": 2944.64,
      "end": 2947.2,
      "text": "that they need to deploy in. In 2022,",
      "source": "source_caption",
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    },
    {
      "id": 1217,
      "start": 2947.2,
      "end": 2949.119,
      "text": "Karen, you wrote a piece for MIT",
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    },
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      "text": "Technology Review headlined a new vision",
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    },
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      "id": 1219,
      "start": 2952.0,
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      "text": "of artificial intelligence for the",
      "source": "source_caption",
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    },
    {
      "id": 1220,
      "start": 2954.079,
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      "text": "people. In a remote rural town in New",
      "source": "source_caption",
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    },
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      "id": 1221,
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      "text": "Zealand, an indigenous couple is",
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    },
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      "id": 1222,
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    },
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      "id": 1223,
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      "text": "should serve. Who are they? This was a",
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    },
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      "text": "wonderful story that I did where the",
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    },
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      "text": "couple um they run to media. It's a",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
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      "id": 1226,
      "start": 2970.64,
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      "text": "nonprofit MAI radio station in New",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
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      "id": 1227,
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      "text": "Zealand. And the Maui people have",
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    },
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      "id": 1228,
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      "text": "suffered a lot of the same um challenges",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
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      "id": 1229,
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      "text": "as many indigenous peoples around the",
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    },
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      "text": "world. The history of colonization led",
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    },
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      "text": "them to rapidly lose their language and",
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    },
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    },
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      "text": "world anymore. And so in the last few",
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    },
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      "text": "years there's been an attempt to revive",
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    },
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      "text": "the language and the New Zealand",
      "source": "source_caption",
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    },
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      "id": 1236,
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      "text": "government has tried to repent by by",
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    },
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    },
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      "id": 1238,
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      "text": "that language. But this nonprofit radio",
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      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
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      "id": 1239,
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      "text": "station, they had all this wonderful",
      "source": "source_caption",
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    },
    {
      "id": 1240,
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      "text": "archival material, archival audio of",
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    },
    {
      "id": 1241,
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      "text": "their ancestors speaking the Mai",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
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      "id": 1242,
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      "text": "language that they wanted to provide to",
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    },
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      "id": 1243,
      "start": 3010.079,
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      "text": "Maui speakers, ma Mai learners around",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
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      "id": 1244,
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      "text": "the world as an educational resource.",
      "source": "source_caption",
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    },
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      "id": 1245,
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      "end": 3016.319,
      "text": "The problem is in order to do that they",
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    },
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      "id": 1246,
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      "text": "needed to transcribe the audio so that",
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    },
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      "id": 1247,
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      "text": "Mai learners could actually listen, see",
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    },
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      "id": 1248,
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      "text": "what was being said, click on the words,",
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    },
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      "id": 1249,
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      "text": "understand the translation and actually",
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    },
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      "id": 1250,
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      "text": "turn it into an active learning tool.",
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    },
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    },
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    },
    {
      "id": 1253,
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      "text": "they realized they had to turn to AI.",
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    },
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      "id": 1254,
      "start": 3034.4,
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      "text": "And this is a key part of my book's",
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    },
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      "id": 1255,
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      "text": "argument is I'm not critiquing all AI",
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    },
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      "id": 1256,
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    },
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      "id": 1257,
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      "text": "the scale at all cost approach that",
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    },
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      "id": 1258,
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      "text": "Silicon Valley has taken. But there are",
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    },
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      "id": 1259,
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      "text": "many different kinds of beneficial AI",
      "source": "source_caption",
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    },
    {
      "id": 1260,
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      "text": "models, including what they ended up",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
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      "id": 1261,
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      "text": "doing. So they took a fundamentally",
      "source": "source_caption",
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    },
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      "id": 1262,
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      "text": "different approach. First and foremost,",
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    },
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      "id": 1263,
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      "end": 3054.88,
      "text": "they asked their community, do we want",
      "source": "source_caption",
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    },
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      "id": 1264,
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      "text": "this AI tool? Once the community said",
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    },
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      "id": 1265,
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      "text": "yes, then they moved to the next step of",
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    },
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      "id": 1266,
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      "text": "asking people to fully consent to",
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    },
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      "id": 1267,
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      "text": "donating data for the training of this",
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    },
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      "id": 1268,
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    },
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      "id": 1269,
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      "text": "what this data was for, how it would be",
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    },
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      "id": 1270,
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      "end": 3072.559,
      "text": "used, how they would then guard that",
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      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
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      "id": 1271,
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      "text": "data and make sure that it wasn't used",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
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      "id": 1272,
      "start": 3074.319,
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      "text": "for other purposes.",
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      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
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      "id": 1273,
      "start": 3076.48,
      "end": 3078.48,
      "text": "They collected around a couple hundred",
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    },
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      "id": 1274,
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      "end": 3080.64,
      "text": "hours of audio data in just a few days",
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      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
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      "id": 1275,
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      "text": "because the community rallied support",
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      "id": 1277,
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      "text": "hundred hours was enough to create a",
      "source": "source_caption",
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    },
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      "id": 1278,
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      "text": "performant speech recognition model",
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      "id": 1279,
      "start": 3088.72,
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      "text": "which is crazy when you think about the",
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      "id": 1280,
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      "text": "scales of data that these Silicon Valley",
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    },
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      "id": 1281,
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      "text": "companies require. And that is once",
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    },
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      "id": 1282,
      "start": 3095.04,
      "end": 3097.28,
      "text": "again a lesson that can be learned is",
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    },
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      "id": 1283,
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      "text": "actually there's plenty of research that",
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      "text": "shows when you have highly curated small",
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    },
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      "id": 1285,
      "start": 3101.68,
      "end": 3104.16,
      "text": "data sets, you can actually create very",
      "source": "source_caption",
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    },
    {
      "id": 1286,
      "start": 3104.16,
      "end": 3106.8,
      "text": "powerful AI models and then once they",
      "source": "source_caption",
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    },
    {
      "id": 1287,
      "start": 3106.8,
      "end": 3108.4,
      "text": "had that tool, they were able to do",
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    },
    {
      "id": 1288,
      "start": 3108.4,
      "end": 3110.48,
      "text": "exactly what they wanted to open source",
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    },
    {
      "id": 1289,
      "start": 3110.48,
      "end": 3112.48,
      "text": "and resour uh open source this",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1290,
      "start": 3112.48,
      "end": 3115.04,
      "text": "educational resource to their community.",
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    },
    {
      "id": 1291,
      "start": 3115.04,
      "end": 3118.24,
      "text": "And so my vision for AI development in",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1292,
      "start": 3118.24,
      "end": 3122.72,
      "text": "the future is to have more small",
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    },
    {
      "id": 1293,
      "start": 3122.72,
      "end": 3125.839,
      "text": "taskspecific AI models that are not",
      "source": "source_caption",
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    },
    {
      "id": 1294,
      "start": 3125.839,
      "end": 3128.8,
      "text": "trained on vast polluted data sets but",
      "source": "source_caption",
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    },
    {
      "id": 1295,
      "start": 3128.8,
      "end": 3132.079,
      "text": "small curated data sets and therefore",
      "source": "source_caption",
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    },
    {
      "id": 1296,
      "start": 3132.079,
      "end": 3134.88,
      "text": "only need small amounts of computational",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1297,
      "start": 3134.88,
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      "text": "power and can be deployed in challenges",
      "source": "source_caption",
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    },
    {
      "id": 1298,
      "start": 3138.24,
      "end": 3141.52,
      "text": "that we actually need to tackle for",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1299,
      "start": 3141.52,
      "end": 3143.27,
      "text": "humanity.",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1300,
      "start": 3143.27,
      "end": 3143.28,
      "text": "humanity.",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1301,
      "start": 3143.28,
      "end": 3145.599,
      "text": "mitigating climate change by integrating",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1302,
      "start": 3145.599,
      "end": 3147.92,
      "text": "more renewable energy into the grid,",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1303,
      "start": 3147.92,
      "end": 3150.48,
      "text": "improving health care, by doing more",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1304,
      "start": 3150.48,
      "end": 3151.839,
      "text": "drug discovery.",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1305,
      "start": 3151.839,
      "end": 3155.119,
      "text": ">> So, as we finally do wrap up, what you",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1306,
      "start": 3155.119,
      "end": 3157.599,
      "text": "were most shocked by, you've been doing",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1307,
      "start": 3157.599,
      "end": 3160.72,
      "text": "uh this journalism, this research for",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1308,
      "start": 3160.72,
      "end": 3163.839,
      "text": "years, what you were most shocked by in",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1309,
      "start": 3163.839,
      "end": 3166.8,
      "text": "writing Empire of AI.",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1310,
      "start": 3166.8,
      "end": 3169.599,
      "text": "I originally thought that I was going to",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1311,
      "start": 3169.599,
      "end": 3171.44,
      "text": "write a book focused on vertical harms",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1312,
      "start": 3171.44,
      "end": 3174.4,
      "text": "of the AI supply chain. Here's how labor",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1313,
      "start": 3174.4,
      "end": 3176.8,
      "text": "exploitation happens in the AI industry.",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1314,
      "start": 3176.8,
      "end": 3179.04,
      "text": "Here's how the environmental harms are",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1315,
      "start": 3179.04,
      "end": 3182.24,
      "text": "arising out of the AI industry. And at",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1316,
      "start": 3182.24,
      "end": 3184.559,
      "text": "the end of my reporting, I realized that",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1317,
      "start": 3184.559,
      "end": 3186.24,
      "text": "there is a horizontal harm that's",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1318,
      "start": 3186.24,
      "end": 3188.319,
      "text": "happening here. Every single community",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1319,
      "start": 3188.319,
      "end": 3190.319,
      "text": "that I spoke to, whether it was artists",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1320,
      "start": 3190.319,
      "end": 3192.16,
      "text": "having their intellectual property taken",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1321,
      "start": 3192.16,
      "end": 3194.16,
      "text": "or Chilean water water activists having",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1322,
      "start": 3194.16,
      "end": 3196.8,
      "text": "their fresh water taken, they all said",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1323,
      "start": 3196.8,
      "end": 3199.2,
      "text": "that when they encountered the empire,",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1324,
      "start": 3199.2,
      "end": 3201.04,
      "text": "they initially felt exactly the same",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1325,
      "start": 3201.04,
      "end": 3204.64,
      "text": "way. A complete loss of agency to",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1326,
      "start": 3204.64,
      "end": 3207.28,
      "text": "self-determine their future. And that is",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1327,
      "start": 3207.28,
      "end": 3209.839,
      "text": "when I realized the horizontal harm here",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1328,
      "start": 3209.839,
      "end": 3213.839,
      "text": "is AI is threatening democracy. If the",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1329,
      "start": 3213.839,
      "end": 3217.52,
      "text": "majority of the world is going to feel",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1330,
      "start": 3217.52,
      "end": 3219.359,
      "text": "this loss of agency over",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1331,
      "start": 3219.359,
      "end": 3222.079,
      "text": "self-determining their future, democracy",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1332,
      "start": 3222.079,
      "end": 3226.24,
      "text": "cannot survive and again specifically",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1333,
      "start": 3226.24,
      "end": 3228.8,
      "text": "Silicon Valley's approach scale at all",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1334,
      "start": 3228.8,
      "end": 3231.119,
      "text": "costs AI development.",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1335,
      "start": 3231.119,
      "end": 3233.599,
      "text": ">> But you also chronicle the resistance.",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1336,
      "start": 3233.599,
      "end": 3235.599,
      "text": "You talk about how the Chilean water",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1337,
      "start": 3235.599,
      "end": 3238.64,
      "text": "actors felt at first, how the artists",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1338,
      "start": 3238.64,
      "end": 3241.44,
      "text": "feel at first. So talk about the",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1339,
      "start": 3241.44,
      "end": 3243.839,
      "text": "strategies that these people have",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1340,
      "start": 3243.839,
      "end": 3245.68,
      "text": "employed and if they've been effective.",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1341,
      "start": 3245.68,
      "end": 3247.839,
      "text": ">> So the amazing thing is that there has",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1342,
      "start": 3247.839,
      "end": 3250.24,
      "text": "since been so much push back. The",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1343,
      "start": 3250.24,
      "end": 3252.4,
      "text": "artists have then said wait a minute we",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1344,
      "start": 3252.4,
      "end": 3255.04,
      "text": "can sue these companies. The Chilean",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1345,
      "start": 3255.04,
      "end": 3256.64,
      "text": "water activists said wait a minute we",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1346,
      "start": 3256.64,
      "end": 3258.64,
      "text": "can fight back and protect these water",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1347,
      "start": 3258.64,
      "end": 3260.64,
      "text": "resources. The Kenyan workers that I",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1348,
      "start": 3260.64,
      "end": 3262.559,
      "text": "spoke to who are contracted by OpenAI",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1349,
      "start": 3262.559,
      "end": 3265.2,
      "text": "they said we can unionize and escalate",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1350,
      "start": 3265.2,
      "end": 3266.96,
      "text": "our story to international media",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1351,
      "start": 3266.96,
      "end": 3271.359,
      "text": "attention. And so even in these even",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1352,
      "start": 3271.359,
      "end": 3273.68,
      "text": "when I thought that these communities",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1353,
      "start": 3273.68,
      "end": 3275.68,
      "text": "you could argue are the most vulnerable",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1354,
      "start": 3275.68,
      "end": 3277.44,
      "text": "in the world have the least amount of",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1355,
      "start": 3277.44,
      "end": 3279.52,
      "text": "agency, they were the ones that",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1356,
      "start": 3279.52,
      "end": 3282.16,
      "text": "remembered that they do have agency and",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1357,
      "start": 3282.16,
      "end": 3285.04,
      "text": "that they can seize that agency and",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1358,
      "start": 3285.04,
      "end": 3288.16,
      "text": "fight back. And I think it it was it was",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1359,
      "start": 3288.16,
      "end": 3290.96,
      "text": "remarkably heartening to encounter those",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1360,
      "start": 3290.96,
      "end": 3294.96,
      "text": "people to remind me that actually the",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1361,
      "start": 3294.96,
      "end": 3297.44,
      "text": "first step to reclaiming democracy is",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1362,
      "start": 3297.44,
      "end": 3298.96,
      "text": "remembering that no one can take your",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1363,
      "start": 3298.96,
      "end": 3300.079,
      "text": "agency away.",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1364,
      "start": 3300.079,
      "end": 3302.96,
      "text": ">> Karen How, author of the new book Empire",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1365,
      "start": 3302.96,
      "end": 3305.76,
      "text": "of AI: Dreams and Nightmares and Sam",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1366,
      "start": 3305.76,
      "end": 3309.44,
      "text": "Alman's Open AI. Karen How is a former",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1367,
      "start": 3309.44,
      "end": 3311.68,
      "text": "reporter at the Wall Street Journal and",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1368,
      "start": 3311.68,
      "end": 3315.28,
      "text": "MIT Technology Review. And that does it",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1369,
      "start": 3315.28,
      "end": 3317.2,
      "text": "for this special broadcast. [music]",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1370,
      "start": 3317.2,
      "end": 3319.76,
      "text": "Democracy Now is produced with Mike",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1371,
      "start": 3319.76,
      "end": 3321.599,
      "text": "Burke, Renee Fel, Dina Guster, Messiah",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1372,
      "start": 3321.599,
      "end": 3323.44,
      "text": "Rhodess, Nurmine Shake, Maria Terasena,",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1373,
      "start": 3323.44,
      "end": 3325.04,
      "text": "Nicole Salazar, [music] Sarin Nasser,",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1374,
      "start": 3325.04,
      "end": 3327.68,
      "text": "Trina Nadura, Sam Alov, T Maria Joe,",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1375,
      "start": 3327.68,
      "end": 3329.119,
      "text": "John Hamilton, Robbie [music] Karen,",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1376,
      "start": 3329.119,
      "end": 3331.599,
      "text": "Honey Massud, and Safwet Naz. Our",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1377,
      "start": 3331.599,
      "end": 3333.599,
      "text": "executive directors, Julie Crosby.",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1378,
      "start": 3333.599,
      "end": 3335.599,
      "text": "Special thanks to Becca Stelli, John",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1379,
      "start": 3335.599,
      "end": 3337.28,
      "text": "Randolph, Paul Powell, [music] Mike",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1380,
      "start": 3337.28,
      "end": 3339.599,
      "text": "DeFippo, Miguel Nggera, Hugh Grant, Carl",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1381,
      "start": 3339.599,
      "end": 3342.0,
      "text": "Marxer, Dennis Moahan, David Prud,",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1382,
      "start": 3342.0,
      "end": 3344.16,
      "text": "Dennis McCormack, Matt Elely, Anna",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1383,
      "start": 3344.16,
      "end": 3347.28,
      "text": "Osbeck, Emily Anderson, Dante Toriieri,",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1384,
      "start": 3347.28,
      "end": 3350.0,
      "text": "Buffy [music] St. Marie Hernandez with",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1385,
      "start": 3350.0,
      "end": 3352.799,
      "text": "Juan Gonzalez. I'm Amy Goodman. Happy",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1386,
      "start": 3352.799,
      "end": 3355.599,
      "text": "New Year.",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1387,
      "start": 3355.599,
      "end": 3357.76,
      "text": "Thanks for watching Democracy Now on",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1388,
      "start": 3357.76,
      "end": 3359.92,
      "text": "YouTube. Subscribe to the channel and",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 1389,
      "start": 3359.92,
      "end": 3361.92,
      "text": "turn on notifications to make sure you",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
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