WEBVTT Kind: captions Language: en 00:00:03.200 --> 00:00:04.870 align:start position:0% This<00:00:03.439> is<00:00:03.760> democracyow<00:00:03.929> [music] 00:00:04.870 --> 00:00:04.880 align:start position:0% This is democracyow [music] 00:00:04.880 --> 00:00:06.550 align:start position:0% This is democracyow [music] democracynow.org 00:00:06.550 --> 00:00:06.560 align:start position:0% democracynow.org 00:00:06.560 --> 00:00:08.629 align:start position:0% democracynow.org the<00:00:06.879> War<00:00:07.040> and<00:00:07.279> Peace<00:00:07.600> Report.<00:00:08.080> I'm<00:00:08.320> Amy 00:00:08.629 --> 00:00:08.639 align:start position:0% the War and Peace Report. I'm Amy 00:00:08.639 --> 00:00:12.310 align:start position:0% the War and Peace Report. I'm Amy Goodman.<00:00:09.760> The<00:00:10.160> Empire<00:00:10.880> of<00:00:11.120> AI,<00:00:11.840> that's<00:00:12.080> the 00:00:12.310 --> 00:00:12.320 align:start position:0% Goodman. The Empire of AI, that's the 00:00:12.320 --> 00:00:14.709 align:start position:0% Goodman. The Empire of AI, that's the name<00:00:12.559> of<00:00:12.639> a<00:00:12.880> new<00:00:13.120> book<00:00:13.440> by<00:00:13.759> journalist<00:00:14.240> Karen 00:00:14.709 --> 00:00:14.719 align:start position:0% name of a new book by journalist Karen 00:00:14.719 --> 00:00:17.830 align:start position:0% name of a new book by journalist Karen How,<00:00:15.440> who's<00:00:15.839> been<00:00:16.160> closely<00:00:16.800> reporting<00:00:17.440> on<00:00:17.680> the 00:00:17.830 --> 00:00:17.840 align:start position:0% How, who's been closely reporting on the 00:00:17.840 --> 00:00:20.310 align:start position:0% How, who's been closely reporting on the rise<00:00:18.240> of<00:00:18.480> the<00:00:18.800> artificial<00:00:19.520> intelligence 00:00:20.310 --> 00:00:20.320 align:start position:0% rise of the artificial intelligence 00:00:20.320 --> 00:00:23.830 align:start position:0% rise of the artificial intelligence industry<00:00:21.199> with<00:00:21.439> a<00:00:21.680> focus<00:00:22.080> on<00:00:22.480> Sam<00:00:22.960> Alman's 00:00:23.830 --> 00:00:23.840 align:start position:0% industry with a focus on Sam Alman's 00:00:23.840 --> 00:00:27.670 align:start position:0% industry with a focus on Sam Alman's Open<00:00:24.320> AI.<00:00:25.359> That's<00:00:25.600> the<00:00:25.920> company<00:00:26.400> behind<00:00:27.119> Chat 00:00:27.670 --> 00:00:27.680 align:start position:0% Open AI. That's the company behind Chat 00:00:27.680 --> 00:00:31.349 align:start position:0% Open AI. That's the company behind Chat GPT.<00:00:29.119> Karen<00:00:29.519> how<00:00:30.000> compares<00:00:30.560> the<00:00:30.800> actions<00:00:31.199> of 00:00:31.349 --> 00:00:31.359 align:start position:0% GPT. Karen how compares the actions of 00:00:31.359 --> 00:00:34.069 align:start position:0% GPT. Karen how compares the actions of the<00:00:31.599> AI<00:00:32.000> industry<00:00:32.480> to<00:00:32.800> those<00:00:33.040> of<00:00:33.360> colonial 00:00:34.069 --> 00:00:34.079 align:start position:0% the AI industry to those of colonial 00:00:34.079 --> 00:00:37.350 align:start position:0% the AI industry to those of colonial powers<00:00:34.800> of<00:00:35.120> the<00:00:35.360> past.<00:00:36.239> She<00:00:36.480> writes,<00:00:36.880> quote, 00:00:37.350 --> 00:00:37.360 align:start position:0% powers of the past. She writes, quote, 00:00:37.360 --> 00:00:40.310 align:start position:0% powers of the past. She writes, quote, "The<00:00:37.680> empires<00:00:38.239> of<00:00:38.399> AI<00:00:39.040> are<00:00:39.280> not<00:00:39.600> engaged<00:00:40.079> in 00:00:40.310 --> 00:00:40.320 align:start position:0% "The empires of AI are not engaged in 00:00:40.320 --> 00:00:42.790 align:start position:0% "The empires of AI are not engaged in the<00:00:40.559> same<00:00:40.960> overt<00:00:41.520> violence<00:00:41.920> and<00:00:42.239> brutality 00:00:42.790 --> 00:00:42.800 align:start position:0% the same overt violence and brutality 00:00:42.800 --> 00:00:45.590 align:start position:0% the same overt violence and brutality that<00:00:43.120> marked<00:00:43.360> this<00:00:43.680> history,<00:00:44.480> but<00:00:44.800> they<00:00:45.120> too 00:00:45.590 --> 00:00:45.600 align:start position:0% that marked this history, but they too 00:00:45.600 --> 00:00:48.389 align:start position:0% that marked this history, but they too seize<00:00:46.000> and<00:00:46.320> extract<00:00:46.879> precious<00:00:47.440> resources<00:00:48.160> to 00:00:48.389 --> 00:00:48.399 align:start position:0% seize and extract precious resources to 00:00:48.399 --> 00:00:50.229 align:start position:0% seize and extract precious resources to feed<00:00:48.719> their<00:00:48.960> vision<00:00:49.280> of<00:00:49.520> artificial 00:00:50.229 --> 00:00:50.239 align:start position:0% feed their vision of artificial 00:00:50.239 --> 00:00:52.630 align:start position:0% feed their vision of artificial intelligence.<00:00:51.280> the<00:00:51.600> work<00:00:51.760> of<00:00:52.000> artists<00:00:52.399> and 00:00:52.630 --> 00:00:52.640 align:start position:0% intelligence. the work of artists and 00:00:52.640 --> 00:00:54.869 align:start position:0% intelligence. the work of artists and writers,<00:00:53.440> the<00:00:53.680> data<00:00:54.000> of<00:00:54.239> countless 00:00:54.869 --> 00:00:54.879 align:start position:0% writers, the data of countless 00:00:54.879 --> 00:00:56.869 align:start position:0% writers, the data of countless individuals<00:00:55.680> posting<00:00:56.239> about<00:00:56.480> their 00:00:56.869 --> 00:00:56.879 align:start position:0% individuals posting about their 00:00:56.879 --> 00:01:00.229 align:start position:0% individuals posting about their experiences<00:00:57.680> and<00:00:58.079> observations<00:00:58.960> online,<00:00:59.920> the 00:01:00.229 --> 00:01:00.239 align:start position:0% experiences and observations online, the 00:01:00.239 --> 00:01:02.950 align:start position:0% experiences and observations online, the land,<00:01:00.719> energy,<00:01:01.359> and<00:01:01.600> water<00:01:02.079> required<00:01:02.640> to 00:01:02.950 --> 00:01:02.960 align:start position:0% land, energy, and water required to 00:01:02.960 --> 00:01:05.910 align:start position:0% land, energy, and water required to house<00:01:03.440> and<00:01:03.760> run<00:01:04.080> massive<00:01:04.640> data<00:01:05.040> centers<00:01:05.600> and 00:01:05.910 --> 00:01:05.920 align:start position:0% house and run massive data centers and 00:01:05.920 --> 00:01:09.109 align:start position:0% house and run massive data centers and supercomputers.<00:01:06.960> She<00:01:07.200> writes,<00:01:08.479> "Over<00:01:08.880> the 00:01:09.109 --> 00:01:09.119 align:start position:0% supercomputers. She writes, "Over the 00:01:09.119 --> 00:01:11.830 align:start position:0% supercomputers. She writes, "Over the past<00:01:09.439> year,<00:01:10.000> the<00:01:10.240> Trump<00:01:10.560> administration<00:01:11.360> has 00:01:11.830 --> 00:01:11.840 align:start position:0% past year, the Trump administration has 00:01:11.840 --> 00:01:15.510 align:start position:0% past year, the Trump administration has increasingly<00:01:12.880> embraced<00:01:13.760> the<00:01:14.080> AI<00:01:14.479> industry. 00:01:15.510 --> 00:01:15.520 align:start position:0% increasingly embraced the AI industry. 00:01:15.520 --> 00:01:17.990 align:start position:0% increasingly embraced the AI industry. In<00:01:15.840> December,<00:01:16.320> Trump<00:01:16.720> signed<00:01:17.119> an<00:01:17.439> executive 00:01:17.990 --> 00:01:18.000 align:start position:0% In December, Trump signed an executive 00:01:18.000 --> 00:01:20.149 align:start position:0% In December, Trump signed an executive order<00:01:18.400> to<00:01:18.640> bar<00:01:19.119> states<00:01:19.520> and<00:01:19.840> local 00:01:20.149 --> 00:01:20.159 align:start position:0% order to bar states and local 00:01:20.159 --> 00:01:22.870 align:start position:0% order to bar states and local governments<00:01:20.640> from<00:01:20.880> enacting<00:01:21.520> their<00:01:21.840> own<00:01:22.320> AI 00:01:22.870 --> 00:01:22.880 align:start position:0% governments from enacting their own AI 00:01:22.880 --> 00:01:25.429 align:start position:0% governments from enacting their own AI regulations.<00:01:24.320> Soon<00:01:24.479> after<00:01:24.720> he<00:01:24.960> signed<00:01:25.200> the 00:01:25.429 --> 00:01:25.439 align:start position:0% regulations. Soon after he signed the 00:01:25.439 --> 00:01:28.230 align:start position:0% regulations. Soon after he signed the order,<00:01:26.000> his<00:01:26.240> family's<00:01:26.799> company,<00:01:27.360> Trump<00:01:27.840> Media 00:01:28.230 --> 00:01:28.240 align:start position:0% order, his family's company, Trump Media 00:01:28.240 --> 00:01:31.990 align:start position:0% order, his family's company, Trump Media and<00:01:28.479> Technology,<00:01:29.680> announced<00:01:30.159> a<00:01:30.560> $6<00:01:31.040> billion 00:01:31.990 --> 00:01:32.000 align:start position:0% and Technology, announced a $6 billion 00:01:32.000 --> 00:01:34.310 align:start position:0% and Technology, announced a $6 billion merger<00:01:32.479> with<00:01:32.720> a<00:01:32.960> firm<00:01:33.280> aiming<00:01:33.600> to<00:01:33.840> build<00:01:34.079> the 00:01:34.310 --> 00:01:34.320 align:start position:0% merger with a firm aiming to build the 00:01:34.320 --> 00:01:37.030 align:start position:0% merger with a firm aiming to build the world's<00:01:34.799> first<00:01:35.280> viable<00:01:35.840> nuclear<00:01:36.479> fusion 00:01:37.030 --> 00:01:37.040 align:start position:0% world's first viable nuclear fusion 00:01:37.040 --> 00:01:40.870 align:start position:0% world's first viable nuclear fusion plant<00:01:37.439> to<00:01:37.680> power<00:01:38.240> AI<00:01:38.799> projects.<00:01:40.000> Karen<00:01:40.479> How<00:01:40.720> is 00:01:40.870 --> 00:01:40.880 align:start position:0% plant to power AI projects. Karen How is 00:01:40.880 --> 00:01:43.190 align:start position:0% plant to power AI projects. Karen How is a<00:01:41.119> former<00:01:41.520> reporter<00:01:42.240> at<00:01:42.479> the<00:01:42.640> Wall<00:01:42.880> Street 00:01:43.190 --> 00:01:43.200 align:start position:0% a former reporter at the Wall Street 00:01:43.200 --> 00:01:46.870 align:start position:0% a former reporter at the Wall Street Journal<00:01:43.840> and<00:01:44.400> MIT<00:01:45.119> Technology<00:01:45.840> Review<00:01:46.640> where 00:01:46.870 --> 00:01:46.880 align:start position:0% Journal and MIT Technology Review where 00:01:46.880 --> 00:01:49.030 align:start position:0% Journal and MIT Technology Review where she<00:01:47.119> became<00:01:47.439> the<00:01:47.840> first<00:01:48.159> journalist<00:01:48.720> to 00:01:49.030 --> 00:01:49.040 align:start position:0% she became the first journalist to 00:01:49.040 --> 00:01:52.550 align:start position:0% she became the first journalist to profile<00:01:49.840> open<00:01:50.320> AI.<00:01:51.280> Democracy<00:01:51.840> Now's<00:01:52.159> Juan 00:01:52.550 --> 00:01:52.560 align:start position:0% profile open AI. Democracy Now's Juan 00:01:52.560 --> 00:01:55.270 align:start position:0% profile open AI. Democracy Now's Juan Gonzalez<00:01:53.119> and<00:01:53.280> I<00:01:53.520> spoke<00:01:53.840> to<00:01:54.000> her<00:01:54.159> in<00:01:54.399> May.<00:01:55.040> The 00:01:55.270 --> 00:01:55.280 align:start position:0% Gonzalez and I spoke to her in May. The 00:01:55.280 --> 00:01:58.149 align:start position:0% Gonzalez and I spoke to her in May. The National<00:01:55.759> Book<00:01:56.079> Critic<00:01:56.560> Circle<00:01:57.600> recently 00:01:58.149 --> 00:01:58.159 align:start position:0% National Book Critic Circle recently 00:01:58.159 --> 00:02:01.350 align:start position:0% National Book Critic Circle recently named<00:01:58.560> her<00:01:58.880> book<00:01:59.200> The<00:01:59.520> Empire<00:02:00.079> of<00:02:00.320> AI:<00:02:00.960> Dreams 00:02:01.350 --> 00:02:01.360 align:start position:0% named her book The Empire of AI: Dreams 00:02:01.360 --> 00:02:04.550 align:start position:0% named her book The Empire of AI: Dreams and<00:02:01.680> Nightmares<00:02:02.320> and<00:02:02.479> Sam<00:02:02.799> Alman's<00:02:03.439> Open<00:02:03.759> AI 00:02:04.550 --> 00:02:04.560 align:start position:0% and Nightmares and Sam Alman's Open AI 00:02:04.560 --> 00:02:07.990 align:start position:0% and Nightmares and Sam Alman's Open AI as<00:02:04.799> a<00:02:04.960> finalist<00:02:05.680> for<00:02:06.079> best<00:02:06.560> non-fiction<00:02:07.439> book 00:02:07.990 --> 00:02:08.000 align:start position:0% as a finalist for best non-fiction book 00:02:08.000 --> 00:02:10.150 align:start position:0% as a finalist for best non-fiction book of<00:02:08.479> 2025. 00:02:10.150 --> 00:02:10.160 align:start position:0% of 2025. 00:02:10.160 --> 00:02:13.190 align:start position:0% of 2025. I<00:02:10.479> began<00:02:10.800> by<00:02:11.200> asking<00:02:11.680> Karen<00:02:12.080> How<00:02:12.480> to<00:02:12.720> explain 00:02:13.190 --> 00:02:13.200 align:start position:0% I began by asking Karen How to explain 00:02:13.200 --> 00:02:17.510 align:start position:0% I began by asking Karen How to explain just<00:02:13.680> what<00:02:14.160> artificial<00:02:14.959> intelligence<00:02:15.920> is.<00:02:16.879> So 00:02:17.510 --> 00:02:17.520 align:start position:0% just what artificial intelligence is. So 00:02:17.520 --> 00:02:20.150 align:start position:0% just what artificial intelligence is. So AI<00:02:17.920> is<00:02:18.160> a<00:02:18.400> collection<00:02:18.800> of<00:02:19.120> many<00:02:19.520> different 00:02:20.150 --> 00:02:20.160 align:start position:0% AI is a collection of many different 00:02:20.160 --> 00:02:22.869 align:start position:0% AI is a collection of many different technologies<00:02:21.360> but<00:02:22.080> most<00:02:22.400> people<00:02:22.640> were 00:02:22.869 --> 00:02:22.879 align:start position:0% technologies but most people were 00:02:22.879 --> 00:02:25.910 align:start position:0% technologies but most people were introduced<00:02:23.280> to<00:02:23.440> it<00:02:23.680> through<00:02:24.080> chatbt<00:02:25.520> and<00:02:25.760> what 00:02:25.910 --> 00:02:25.920 align:start position:0% introduced to it through chatbt and what 00:02:25.920 --> 00:02:27.670 align:start position:0% introduced to it through chatbt and what I<00:02:26.080> argue<00:02:26.400> in<00:02:26.560> the<00:02:26.720> book<00:02:26.879> and<00:02:27.040> what<00:02:27.280> the<00:02:27.440> title 00:02:27.670 --> 00:02:27.680 align:start position:0% I argue in the book and what the title 00:02:27.680 --> 00:02:29.670 align:start position:0% I argue in the book and what the title refers<00:02:27.920> to<00:02:28.160> empire<00:02:28.480> of<00:02:28.640> AI<00:02:29.040> it's<00:02:29.280> actually<00:02:29.440> a 00:02:29.670 --> 00:02:29.680 align:start position:0% refers to empire of AI it's actually a 00:02:29.680 --> 00:02:31.910 align:start position:0% refers to empire of AI it's actually a critique<00:02:30.239> of<00:02:30.480> the<00:02:30.800> specific<00:02:31.280> trajectory<00:02:31.760> of 00:02:31.910 --> 00:02:31.920 align:start position:0% critique of the specific trajectory of 00:02:31.920 --> 00:02:34.150 align:start position:0% critique of the specific trajectory of AI<00:02:32.239> development<00:02:32.640> that<00:02:32.879> led<00:02:33.040> us<00:02:33.200> to<00:02:33.280> chatbt<00:02:34.000> and 00:02:34.150 --> 00:02:34.160 align:start position:0% AI development that led us to chatbt and 00:02:34.160 --> 00:02:37.270 align:start position:0% AI development that led us to chatbt and has<00:02:34.400> continued<00:02:35.120> since<00:02:35.519> chatbt<00:02:36.640> and<00:02:36.800> that<00:02:37.040> is 00:02:37.270 --> 00:02:37.280 align:start position:0% has continued since chatbt and that is 00:02:37.280 --> 00:02:39.589 align:start position:0% has continued since chatbt and that is specifically<00:02:38.000> Silicon<00:02:38.480> Valley's<00:02:39.120> scale<00:02:39.440> at 00:02:39.589 --> 00:02:39.599 align:start position:0% specifically Silicon Valley's scale at 00:02:39.599 --> 00:02:42.710 align:start position:0% specifically Silicon Valley's scale at all<00:02:39.840> costs<00:02:40.239> approach<00:02:40.640> to<00:02:40.800> AI<00:02:41.200> development<00:02:42.319> AI 00:02:42.710 --> 00:02:42.720 align:start position:0% all costs approach to AI development AI 00:02:42.720 --> 00:02:45.509 align:start position:0% all costs approach to AI development AI models<00:02:43.360> in<00:02:43.680> modern<00:02:44.000> day<00:02:44.400> they<00:02:44.640> are<00:02:44.800> trained<00:02:45.200> on 00:02:45.509 --> 00:02:45.519 align:start position:0% models in modern day they are trained on 00:02:45.519 --> 00:02:47.990 align:start position:0% models in modern day they are trained on data<00:02:45.920> they<00:02:46.239> need<00:02:46.640> computers<00:02:47.120> to<00:02:47.440> train<00:02:47.760> them 00:02:47.990 --> 00:02:48.000 align:start position:0% data they need computers to train them 00:02:48.000 --> 00:02:50.470 align:start position:0% data they need computers to train them on<00:02:48.239> that<00:02:48.480> data.<00:02:49.280> But<00:02:49.440> what<00:02:49.680> Silicon<00:02:50.160> Valley 00:02:50.470 --> 00:02:50.480 align:start position:0% on that data. But what Silicon Valley 00:02:50.480 --> 00:02:52.550 align:start position:0% on that data. But what Silicon Valley did<00:02:50.640> and<00:02:50.879> what<00:02:51.040> OpenAI<00:02:51.680> did<00:02:51.840> in<00:02:52.000> the<00:02:52.160> last<00:02:52.319> few 00:02:52.550 --> 00:02:52.560 align:start position:0% did and what OpenAI did in the last few 00:02:52.560 --> 00:02:55.430 align:start position:0% did and what OpenAI did in the last few years<00:02:53.200> is<00:02:53.519> they<00:02:53.840> started<00:02:54.319> blowing<00:02:54.879> up<00:02:55.120> the 00:02:55.430 --> 00:02:55.440 align:start position:0% years is they started blowing up the 00:02:55.440 --> 00:02:57.750 align:start position:0% years is they started blowing up the amount<00:02:55.680> of<00:02:55.920> data<00:02:56.160> and<00:02:56.400> the<00:02:56.720> the<00:02:57.120> size<00:02:57.360> of<00:02:57.599> the 00:02:57.750 --> 00:02:57.760 align:start position:0% amount of data and the the size of the 00:02:57.760 --> 00:02:59.750 align:start position:0% amount of data and the the size of the computers<00:02:58.160> that<00:02:58.480> need<00:02:58.640> to<00:02:58.800> do<00:02:58.879> this<00:02:59.120> training. 00:02:59.750 --> 00:02:59.760 align:start position:0% computers that need to do this training. 00:02:59.760 --> 00:03:01.990 align:start position:0% computers that need to do this training. So<00:03:00.000> we<00:03:00.239> are<00:03:00.400> talking<00:03:00.640> about<00:03:00.879> the<00:03:01.280> full<00:03:01.680> English 00:03:01.990 --> 00:03:02.000 align:start position:0% So we are talking about the full English 00:03:02.000 --> 00:03:03.830 align:start position:0% So we are talking about the full English language<00:03:02.480> internet<00:03:02.879> being<00:03:03.200> fed<00:03:03.360> into<00:03:03.599> these 00:03:03.830 --> 00:03:03.840 align:start position:0% language internet being fed into these 00:03:03.840 --> 00:03:06.550 align:start position:0% language internet being fed into these models,<00:03:04.560> books,<00:03:05.120> scientific<00:03:05.680> articles,<00:03:06.400> all 00:03:06.550 --> 00:03:06.560 align:start position:0% models, books, scientific articles, all 00:03:06.560 --> 00:03:07.990 align:start position:0% models, books, scientific articles, all of<00:03:06.640> the<00:03:06.800> intellectual<00:03:07.360> property<00:03:07.599> that<00:03:07.840> is 00:03:07.990 --> 00:03:08.000 align:start position:0% of the intellectual property that is 00:03:08.000 --> 00:03:10.710 align:start position:0% of the intellectual property that is being<00:03:08.239> created<00:03:08.959> and<00:03:09.280> also<00:03:10.080> massive 00:03:10.710 --> 00:03:10.720 align:start position:0% being created and also massive 00:03:10.720 --> 00:03:12.710 align:start position:0% being created and also massive supercomputers<00:03:11.440> that<00:03:11.760> run<00:03:12.159> tens<00:03:12.560> of 00:03:12.710 --> 00:03:12.720 align:start position:0% supercomputers that run tens of 00:03:12.720 --> 00:03:14.710 align:start position:0% supercomputers that run tens of thousands<00:03:13.200> even<00:03:13.519> hundreds<00:03:13.920> of<00:03:14.080> thousands<00:03:14.480> of 00:03:14.710 --> 00:03:14.720 align:start position:0% thousands even hundreds of thousands of 00:03:14.720 --> 00:03:17.030 align:start position:0% thousands even hundreds of thousands of computer<00:03:15.040> chips<00:03:15.680> that<00:03:15.920> are<00:03:16.159> the<00:03:16.400> size<00:03:16.720> of 00:03:17.030 --> 00:03:17.040 align:start position:0% computer chips that are the size of 00:03:17.040 --> 00:03:19.670 align:start position:0% computer chips that are the size of dozens<00:03:17.599> maybe<00:03:18.000> hundreds<00:03:18.400> of<00:03:18.560> football<00:03:18.959> fields 00:03:19.670 --> 00:03:19.680 align:start position:0% dozens maybe hundreds of football fields 00:03:19.680 --> 00:03:22.229 align:start position:0% dozens maybe hundreds of football fields and<00:03:20.000> use<00:03:20.560> practically<00:03:21.120> the<00:03:21.440> entire<00:03:21.920> energy 00:03:22.229 --> 00:03:22.239 align:start position:0% and use practically the entire energy 00:03:22.239 --> 00:03:25.350 align:start position:0% and use practically the entire energy demands<00:03:22.720> of<00:03:22.959> cities<00:03:23.440> now.<00:03:24.319> So<00:03:24.720> this<00:03:24.959> is<00:03:25.120> an 00:03:25.350 --> 00:03:25.360 align:start position:0% demands of cities now. So this is an 00:03:25.360 --> 00:03:27.750 align:start position:0% demands of cities now. So this is an extraordinary<00:03:26.319> um<00:03:26.560> type<00:03:26.800> of<00:03:26.959> AI<00:03:27.360> development 00:03:27.750 --> 00:03:27.760 align:start position:0% extraordinary um type of AI development 00:03:27.760 --> 00:03:29.750 align:start position:0% extraordinary um type of AI development that<00:03:28.000> is<00:03:28.239> causing<00:03:28.560> a<00:03:28.800> lot<00:03:28.879> of<00:03:29.040> social,<00:03:29.440> labor 00:03:29.750 --> 00:03:29.760 align:start position:0% that is causing a lot of social, labor 00:03:29.760 --> 00:03:31.830 align:start position:0% that is causing a lot of social, labor and<00:03:30.159> environmental<00:03:30.720> harms<00:03:31.200> and<00:03:31.440> that<00:03:31.599> is 00:03:31.830 --> 00:03:31.840 align:start position:0% and environmental harms and that is 00:03:31.840 --> 00:03:33.750 align:start position:0% and environmental harms and that is ultimately<00:03:32.159> why<00:03:32.319> I<00:03:32.560> evoke<00:03:32.879> this<00:03:33.040> analogy<00:03:33.519> to 00:03:33.750 --> 00:03:33.760 align:start position:0% ultimately why I evoke this analogy to 00:03:33.760 --> 00:03:35.830 align:start position:0% ultimately why I evoke this analogy to empire. 00:03:35.830 --> 00:03:35.840 align:start position:0% empire. 00:03:35.840 --> 00:03:37.509 align:start position:0% empire. >> And<00:03:36.080> Karen,<00:03:36.480> could<00:03:36.640> you<00:03:36.799> talk<00:03:37.040> some<00:03:37.280> more 00:03:37.509 --> 00:03:37.519 align:start position:0% >> And Karen, could you talk some more 00:03:37.519 --> 00:03:40.470 align:start position:0% >> And Karen, could you talk some more about<00:03:38.239> not<00:03:38.560> only<00:03:38.720> the<00:03:39.120> energy<00:03:39.680> requirements 00:03:40.470 --> 00:03:40.480 align:start position:0% about not only the energy requirements 00:03:40.480 --> 00:03:43.350 align:start position:0% about not only the energy requirements but<00:03:40.799> the<00:03:41.120> water<00:03:41.599> requirements<00:03:42.319> of<00:03:42.560> these<00:03:42.959> huge 00:03:43.350 --> 00:03:43.360 align:start position:0% but the water requirements of these huge 00:03:43.360 --> 00:03:45.670 align:start position:0% but the water requirements of these huge data<00:03:43.680> centers<00:03:44.000> that<00:03:44.239> are<00:03:44.560> essence<00:03:45.040> in<00:03:45.360> essence 00:03:45.670 --> 00:03:45.680 align:start position:0% data centers that are essence in essence 00:03:45.680 --> 00:03:49.990 align:start position:0% data centers that are essence in essence the<00:03:46.000> backbone<00:03:46.560> of<00:03:47.360> of<00:03:47.680> this<00:03:48.159> uh<00:03:49.120> widening<00:03:49.840> uh 00:03:49.990 --> 00:03:50.000 align:start position:0% the backbone of of this uh widening uh 00:03:50.000 --> 00:03:51.030 align:start position:0% the backbone of of this uh widening uh industry? 00:03:51.030 --> 00:03:51.040 align:start position:0% industry? 00:03:51.040 --> 00:03:52.710 align:start position:0% industry? >> Absolutely.<00:03:51.599> I'll<00:03:51.840> give<00:03:51.920> you<00:03:52.080> two<00:03:52.319> stats<00:03:52.560> on 00:03:52.710 --> 00:03:52.720 align:start position:0% >> Absolutely. I'll give you two stats on 00:03:52.720 --> 00:03:54.869 align:start position:0% >> Absolutely. I'll give you two stats on both<00:03:52.879> the<00:03:53.120> energy<00:03:53.360> and<00:03:53.519> the<00:03:53.680> water.<00:03:54.480> When 00:03:54.869 --> 00:03:54.879 align:start position:0% both the energy and the water. When 00:03:54.879 --> 00:03:56.550 align:start position:0% both the energy and the water. When talking<00:03:55.200> about<00:03:55.440> the<00:03:55.680> energy<00:03:56.000> demand, 00:03:56.550 --> 00:03:56.560 align:start position:0% talking about the energy demand, 00:03:56.560 --> 00:03:59.350 align:start position:0% talking about the energy demand, McKenzie<00:03:57.200> recently<00:03:57.599> came<00:03:57.840> out<00:03:58.080> with<00:03:58.319> a<00:03:58.560> report 00:03:59.350 --> 00:03:59.360 align:start position:0% McKenzie recently came out with a report 00:03:59.360 --> 00:04:01.670 align:start position:0% McKenzie recently came out with a report that<00:03:59.680> said<00:03:59.920> in<00:04:00.239> the<00:04:00.400> next<00:04:00.640> 5<00:04:00.879> years<00:04:01.280> based<00:04:01.519> on 00:04:01.670 --> 00:04:01.680 align:start position:0% that said in the next 5 years based on 00:04:01.680 --> 00:04:03.910 align:start position:0% that said in the next 5 years based on the<00:04:01.920> current<00:04:02.239> pace<00:04:02.640> of<00:04:02.959> AI<00:04:03.360> computational 00:04:03.910 --> 00:04:03.920 align:start position:0% the current pace of AI computational 00:04:03.920 --> 00:04:06.229 align:start position:0% the current pace of AI computational infrastructure<00:04:04.560> expansion,<00:04:05.599> we<00:04:05.840> would<00:04:06.000> need 00:04:06.229 --> 00:04:06.239 align:start position:0% infrastructure expansion, we would need 00:04:06.239 --> 00:04:09.110 align:start position:0% infrastructure expansion, we would need to<00:04:06.480> put<00:04:06.799> as<00:04:07.200> much<00:04:07.439> energy<00:04:07.840> on<00:04:08.080> the<00:04:08.239> global<00:04:08.560> grid 00:04:09.110 --> 00:04:09.120 align:start position:0% to put as much energy on the global grid 00:04:09.120 --> 00:04:13.030 align:start position:0% to put as much energy on the global grid as<00:04:09.519> what<00:04:09.760> is<00:04:10.000> consumed<00:04:10.560> by<00:04:10.959> two<00:04:11.280> to<00:04:11.599> six<00:04:12.159> times 00:04:13.030 --> 00:04:13.040 align:start position:0% as what is consumed by two to six times 00:04:13.040 --> 00:04:15.190 align:start position:0% as what is consumed by two to six times the<00:04:13.360> energy<00:04:13.760> consumed<00:04:14.239> annually<00:04:14.720> by<00:04:14.959> the 00:04:15.190 --> 00:04:15.200 align:start position:0% the energy consumed annually by the 00:04:15.200 --> 00:04:17.509 align:start position:0% the energy consumed annually by the state<00:04:15.439> of<00:04:15.760> California.<00:04:16.799> And<00:04:17.040> that<00:04:17.280> will 00:04:17.509 --> 00:04:17.519 align:start position:0% state of California. And that will 00:04:17.519 --> 00:04:20.229 align:start position:0% state of California. And that will mostly<00:04:18.000> be<00:04:18.560> serviced<00:04:19.040> by<00:04:19.359> fossil<00:04:19.759> fuels. 00:04:20.229 --> 00:04:20.239 align:start position:0% mostly be serviced by fossil fuels. 00:04:20.239 --> 00:04:22.469 align:start position:0% mostly be serviced by fossil fuels. We're<00:04:20.479> already<00:04:20.720> seeing<00:04:21.040> reporting<00:04:21.680> of<00:04:22.240> uh 00:04:22.469 --> 00:04:22.479 align:start position:0% We're already seeing reporting of uh 00:04:22.479 --> 00:04:24.469 align:start position:0% We're already seeing reporting of uh coal<00:04:22.800> plants<00:04:23.120> with<00:04:23.440> their<00:04:23.600> lives<00:04:24.080> being 00:04:24.469 --> 00:04:24.479 align:start position:0% coal plants with their lives being 00:04:24.479 --> 00:04:26.710 align:start position:0% coal plants with their lives being extended.<00:04:25.360> They<00:04:25.600> were<00:04:25.759> supposed<00:04:26.000> to<00:04:26.240> retire 00:04:26.710 --> 00:04:26.720 align:start position:0% extended. They were supposed to retire 00:04:26.720 --> 00:04:29.110 align:start position:0% extended. They were supposed to retire but<00:04:26.960> now<00:04:27.120> they<00:04:27.360> cannot<00:04:28.080> to<00:04:28.320> support<00:04:28.560> this<00:04:28.800> data 00:04:29.110 --> 00:04:29.120 align:start position:0% but now they cannot to support this data 00:04:29.120 --> 00:04:30.950 align:start position:0% but now they cannot to support this data center<00:04:29.360> development.<00:04:30.160> We<00:04:30.320> are<00:04:30.560> seeing 00:04:30.950 --> 00:04:30.960 align:start position:0% center development. We are seeing 00:04:30.960 --> 00:04:33.749 align:start position:0% center development. We are seeing methane<00:04:31.600> gas<00:04:31.919> turbines,<00:04:32.639> unlicensed<00:04:33.360> ones 00:04:33.749 --> 00:04:33.759 align:start position:0% methane gas turbines, unlicensed ones 00:04:33.759 --> 00:04:36.790 align:start position:0% methane gas turbines, unlicensed ones being<00:04:34.080> popped<00:04:34.479> up<00:04:34.960> to<00:04:35.759> uh<00:04:35.919> service<00:04:36.240> these<00:04:36.560> data 00:04:36.790 --> 00:04:36.800 align:start position:0% being popped up to uh service these data 00:04:36.800 --> 00:04:39.030 align:start position:0% being popped up to uh service these data centers<00:04:37.199> as<00:04:37.440> well.<00:04:38.000> From<00:04:38.240> a<00:04:38.400> freshwater 00:04:39.030 --> 00:04:39.040 align:start position:0% centers as well. From a freshwater 00:04:39.040 --> 00:04:41.030 align:start position:0% centers as well. From a freshwater perspective,<00:04:39.840> these<00:04:40.160> data<00:04:40.400> centers<00:04:40.720> need<00:04:40.880> to 00:04:41.030 --> 00:04:41.040 align:start position:0% perspective, these data centers need to 00:04:41.040 --> 00:04:44.070 align:start position:0% perspective, these data centers need to be<00:04:41.120> trained<00:04:41.520> on<00:04:42.080> freshwater.<00:04:43.360> They<00:04:43.600> cannot<00:04:43.919> be 00:04:44.070 --> 00:04:44.080 align:start position:0% be trained on freshwater. They cannot be 00:04:44.080 --> 00:04:45.590 align:start position:0% be trained on freshwater. They cannot be trained<00:04:44.400> on<00:04:44.639> any<00:04:44.880> other<00:04:45.040> type<00:04:45.199> of<00:04:45.360> water 00:04:45.590 --> 00:04:45.600 align:start position:0% trained on any other type of water 00:04:45.600 --> 00:04:47.350 align:start position:0% trained on any other type of water because<00:04:45.840> it<00:04:46.000> can<00:04:46.160> corrode<00:04:46.560> the<00:04:46.720> equipment.<00:04:47.120> It 00:04:47.350 --> 00:04:47.360 align:start position:0% because it can corrode the equipment. It 00:04:47.360 --> 00:04:49.990 align:start position:0% because it can corrode the equipment. It can<00:04:47.440> lead<00:04:47.600> to<00:04:47.759> bacterial<00:04:48.400> growth<00:04:49.040> and<00:04:49.520> most<00:04:49.840> of 00:04:49.990 --> 00:04:50.000 align:start position:0% can lead to bacterial growth and most of 00:04:50.000 --> 00:04:52.629 align:start position:0% can lead to bacterial growth and most of the<00:04:50.240> time<00:04:50.560> it<00:04:50.880> actually<00:04:51.199> taps<00:04:51.600> directly<00:04:52.080> into 00:04:52.629 --> 00:04:52.639 align:start position:0% the time it actually taps directly into 00:04:52.639 --> 00:04:55.749 align:start position:0% the time it actually taps directly into a<00:04:53.040> public<00:04:53.520> drinking<00:04:53.919> water<00:04:54.320> supply<00:04:55.199> because 00:04:55.749 --> 00:04:55.759 align:start position:0% a public drinking water supply because 00:04:55.759 --> 00:04:58.070 align:start position:0% a public drinking water supply because that<00:04:56.160> is<00:04:56.639> the<00:04:56.960> infrastructure<00:04:57.520> that<00:04:57.759> has<00:04:57.919> been 00:04:58.070 --> 00:04:58.080 align:start position:0% that is the infrastructure that has been 00:04:58.080 --> 00:05:01.350 align:start position:0% that is the infrastructure that has been laid<00:04:58.320> to<00:04:58.560> deliver<00:04:59.360> this<00:04:59.759> clean<00:05:00.479> fresh<00:05:00.800> water 00:05:01.350 --> 00:05:01.360 align:start position:0% laid to deliver this clean fresh water 00:05:01.360 --> 00:05:03.110 align:start position:0% laid to deliver this clean fresh water to<00:05:01.680> different<00:05:02.000> businesses<00:05:02.639> to<00:05:02.800> different 00:05:03.110 --> 00:05:03.120 align:start position:0% to different businesses to different 00:05:03.120 --> 00:05:05.909 align:start position:0% to different businesses to different homes.<00:05:04.080> And<00:05:04.400> Bloomberg<00:05:04.960> recently<00:05:05.440> had<00:05:05.680> an 00:05:05.909 --> 00:05:05.919 align:start position:0% homes. And Bloomberg recently had an 00:05:05.919 --> 00:05:07.990 align:start position:0% homes. And Bloomberg recently had an analysis<00:05:06.800> where<00:05:07.039> they<00:05:07.280> looked<00:05:07.520> at<00:05:07.759> the 00:05:07.990 --> 00:05:08.000 align:start position:0% analysis where they looked at the 00:05:08.000 --> 00:05:10.070 align:start position:0% analysis where they looked at the expansion<00:05:08.639> of<00:05:08.800> these<00:05:09.120> data<00:05:09.440> centers<00:05:09.759> around 00:05:10.070 --> 00:05:10.080 align:start position:0% expansion of these data centers around 00:05:10.080 --> 00:05:13.670 align:start position:0% expansion of these data centers around the<00:05:10.320> world<00:05:10.960> and<00:05:11.440> 2thirds<00:05:12.240> of<00:05:12.400> them<00:05:13.120> are<00:05:13.360> being 00:05:13.670 --> 00:05:13.680 align:start position:0% the world and 2thirds of them are being 00:05:13.680 --> 00:05:17.430 align:start position:0% the world and 2thirds of them are being placed<00:05:14.240> in<00:05:14.800> water<00:05:15.440> scarce<00:05:16.240> areas.<00:05:16.960> So<00:05:17.199> they're 00:05:17.430 --> 00:05:17.440 align:start position:0% placed in water scarce areas. So they're 00:05:17.440 --> 00:05:19.909 align:start position:0% placed in water scarce areas. So they're being<00:05:17.600> placed<00:05:17.840> in<00:05:18.160> communities<00:05:19.039> that<00:05:19.440> do<00:05:19.759> not 00:05:19.909 --> 00:05:19.919 align:start position:0% being placed in communities that do not 00:05:19.919 --> 00:05:21.830 align:start position:0% being placed in communities that do not have<00:05:20.160> access<00:05:20.479> to<00:05:20.639> fresh<00:05:20.880> water.<00:05:21.199> So<00:05:21.360> it's<00:05:21.600> not 00:05:21.830 --> 00:05:21.840 align:start position:0% have access to fresh water. So it's not 00:05:21.840 --> 00:05:23.350 align:start position:0% have access to fresh water. So it's not just<00:05:22.080> the<00:05:22.320> total<00:05:22.639> amount<00:05:22.800> of<00:05:22.960> fresh<00:05:23.199> water 00:05:23.350 --> 00:05:23.360 align:start position:0% just the total amount of fresh water 00:05:23.360 --> 00:05:25.189 align:start position:0% just the total amount of fresh water that<00:05:23.600> we<00:05:23.759> need<00:05:23.840> to<00:05:24.000> be<00:05:24.080> concerned<00:05:24.400> about,<00:05:24.960> but 00:05:25.189 --> 00:05:25.199 align:start position:0% that we need to be concerned about, but 00:05:25.199 --> 00:05:27.510 align:start position:0% that we need to be concerned about, but actually<00:05:25.520> the<00:05:25.919> distribution<00:05:26.960> of<00:05:27.280> this 00:05:27.510 --> 00:05:27.520 align:start position:0% actually the distribution of this 00:05:27.520 --> 00:05:30.150 align:start position:0% actually the distribution of this infrastructure<00:05:28.080> around<00:05:28.320> the<00:05:28.560> world. 00:05:30.150 --> 00:05:30.160 align:start position:0% infrastructure around the world. 00:05:30.160 --> 00:05:33.270 align:start position:0% infrastructure around the world. And<00:05:30.880> most<00:05:31.199> people<00:05:31.520> are<00:05:31.759> familiar<00:05:32.160> with<00:05:32.560> chat 00:05:33.270 --> 00:05:33.280 align:start position:0% And most people are familiar with chat 00:05:33.280 --> 00:05:37.830 align:start position:0% And most people are familiar with chat GPT<00:05:34.479> the<00:05:34.800> consumer<00:05:35.280> aspect<00:05:36.320> of<00:05:36.720> AI<00:05:37.360> but<00:05:37.600> what 00:05:37.830 --> 00:05:37.840 align:start position:0% GPT the consumer aspect of AI but what 00:05:37.840 --> 00:05:41.270 align:start position:0% GPT the consumer aspect of AI but what about<00:05:38.080> the<00:05:38.479> military<00:05:39.360> uh<00:05:39.600> aspect<00:05:40.000> of<00:05:40.240> AI<00:05:40.720> where 00:05:41.270 --> 00:05:41.280 align:start position:0% about the military uh aspect of AI where 00:05:41.280 --> 00:05:43.749 align:start position:0% about the military uh aspect of AI where in<00:05:41.520> essence<00:05:42.400> uh<00:05:42.560> we're<00:05:42.800> finding<00:05:43.280> Silicon 00:05:43.749 --> 00:05:43.759 align:start position:0% in essence uh we're finding Silicon 00:05:43.759 --> 00:05:45.590 align:start position:0% in essence uh we're finding Silicon Valley<00:05:44.160> companies<00:05:44.639> becoming<00:05:45.120> the<00:05:45.360> next 00:05:45.590 --> 00:05:45.600 align:start position:0% Valley companies becoming the next 00:05:45.600 --> 00:05:48.870 align:start position:0% Valley companies becoming the next generation<00:05:46.400> of<00:05:46.720> defense<00:05:47.199> contractors. 00:05:48.870 --> 00:05:48.880 align:start position:0% generation of defense contractors. 00:05:48.880 --> 00:05:51.749 align:start position:0% generation of defense contractors. >> One<00:05:49.120> of<00:05:49.199> the<00:05:49.440> reasons<00:05:49.840> why<00:05:50.639> OpenAI<00:05:51.280> and<00:05:51.520> many 00:05:51.749 --> 00:05:51.759 align:start position:0% >> One of the reasons why OpenAI and many 00:05:51.759 --> 00:05:53.189 align:start position:0% >> One of the reasons why OpenAI and many other<00:05:52.000> companies<00:05:52.240> are<00:05:52.479> turning<00:05:52.720> to<00:05:52.960> the 00:05:53.189 --> 00:05:53.199 align:start position:0% other companies are turning to the 00:05:53.199 --> 00:05:55.430 align:start position:0% other companies are turning to the defense<00:05:53.520> industry<00:05:54.160> is<00:05:54.479> because<00:05:54.880> they<00:05:55.199> have 00:05:55.430 --> 00:05:55.440 align:start position:0% defense industry is because they have 00:05:55.440 --> 00:05:57.670 align:start position:0% defense industry is because they have spent<00:05:55.759> an<00:05:56.160> extraordinary<00:05:57.120> amount<00:05:57.360> of<00:05:57.520> money 00:05:57.670 --> 00:05:57.680 align:start position:0% spent an extraordinary amount of money 00:05:57.680 --> 00:05:59.590 align:start position:0% spent an extraordinary amount of money in<00:05:57.919> developing<00:05:58.320> these<00:05:58.639> technologies. 00:05:59.590 --> 00:05:59.600 align:start position:0% in developing these technologies. 00:05:59.600 --> 00:06:02.150 align:start position:0% in developing these technologies. They're<00:05:59.919> spending<00:06:00.400> hundreds<00:06:00.800> of<00:06:01.199> billions<00:06:01.840> to 00:06:02.150 --> 00:06:02.160 align:start position:0% They're spending hundreds of billions to 00:06:02.160 --> 00:06:04.309 align:start position:0% They're spending hundreds of billions to train<00:06:02.479> these<00:06:02.800> models<00:06:03.440> and<00:06:03.680> they<00:06:03.919> need<00:06:04.080> to 00:06:04.309 --> 00:06:04.319 align:start position:0% train these models and they need to 00:06:04.319 --> 00:06:07.510 align:start position:0% train these models and they need to recoup<00:06:04.800> those<00:06:05.199> costs<00:06:06.000> and<00:06:06.240> there<00:06:06.400> are<00:06:06.639> only<00:06:07.199> so 00:06:07.510 --> 00:06:07.520 align:start position:0% recoup those costs and there are only so 00:06:07.520 --> 00:06:09.990 align:start position:0% recoup those costs and there are only so many<00:06:07.840> industries<00:06:08.400> and<00:06:08.560> so<00:06:08.720> many<00:06:08.960> places<00:06:09.600> that 00:06:09.990 --> 00:06:10.000 align:start position:0% many industries and so many places that 00:06:10.000 --> 00:06:13.110 align:start position:0% many industries and so many places that have<00:06:10.639> that<00:06:11.039> size<00:06:11.280> of<00:06:11.440> a<00:06:11.600> paycheck<00:06:12.080> to<00:06:12.319> pay.<00:06:12.960> And 00:06:13.110 --> 00:06:13.120 align:start position:0% have that size of a paycheck to pay. And 00:06:13.120 --> 00:06:15.350 align:start position:0% have that size of a paycheck to pay. And so<00:06:13.440> that's<00:06:13.680> why<00:06:13.840> we're<00:06:14.080> seeing<00:06:14.400> a<00:06:14.720> cozying<00:06:15.199> up 00:06:15.350 --> 00:06:15.360 align:start position:0% so that's why we're seeing a cozying up 00:06:15.360 --> 00:06:17.110 align:start position:0% so that's why we're seeing a cozying up to<00:06:15.520> the<00:06:15.680> defense<00:06:16.000> industry.<00:06:16.639> We're<00:06:16.880> also 00:06:17.110 --> 00:06:17.120 align:start position:0% to the defense industry. We're also 00:06:17.120 --> 00:06:18.870 align:start position:0% to the defense industry. We're also seeing<00:06:17.360> Silicon<00:06:17.759> Valley<00:06:18.080> use<00:06:18.319> the<00:06:18.560> US 00:06:18.870 --> 00:06:18.880 align:start position:0% seeing Silicon Valley use the US 00:06:18.880 --> 00:06:20.469 align:start position:0% seeing Silicon Valley use the US government<00:06:19.280> in<00:06:19.520> their<00:06:19.759> empire<00:06:20.240> building 00:06:20.469 --> 00:06:20.479 align:start position:0% government in their empire building 00:06:20.479 --> 00:06:22.710 align:start position:0% government in their empire building ambitions.<00:06:21.520> You<00:06:21.680> could<00:06:21.840> argue<00:06:22.080> that<00:06:22.319> the<00:06:22.479> US 00:06:22.710 --> 00:06:22.720 align:start position:0% ambitions. You could argue that the US 00:06:22.720 --> 00:06:24.390 align:start position:0% ambitions. You could argue that the US government<00:06:23.039> is<00:06:23.280> also<00:06:23.520> trying<00:06:23.680> to<00:06:23.840> use<00:06:24.000> Silicon 00:06:24.390 --> 00:06:24.400 align:start position:0% government is also trying to use Silicon 00:06:24.400 --> 00:06:26.710 align:start position:0% government is also trying to use Silicon Valley<00:06:24.800> vice<00:06:25.120> versa<00:06:25.520> in<00:06:25.840> their<00:06:26.240> empire 00:06:26.710 --> 00:06:26.720 align:start position:0% Valley vice versa in their empire 00:06:26.720 --> 00:06:29.029 align:start position:0% Valley vice versa in their empire building<00:06:26.960> ambitions.<00:06:27.919> Um<00:06:28.240> but<00:06:28.560> certainly 00:06:29.029 --> 00:06:29.039 align:start position:0% building ambitions. Um but certainly 00:06:29.039 --> 00:06:32.150 align:start position:0% building ambitions. Um but certainly these<00:06:29.360> technologies<00:06:30.080> are<00:06:30.479> not<00:06:31.120> they<00:06:31.360> are<00:06:31.680> not 00:06:32.150 --> 00:06:32.160 align:start position:0% these technologies are not they are not 00:06:32.160 --> 00:06:34.390 align:start position:0% these technologies are not they are not designed<00:06:32.880> to<00:06:33.120> be<00:06:33.280> used<00:06:33.520> in<00:06:33.759> a<00:06:33.919> sensitive 00:06:34.390 --> 00:06:34.400 align:start position:0% designed to be used in a sensitive 00:06:34.400 --> 00:06:36.710 align:start position:0% designed to be used in a sensitive military<00:06:34.960> context.<00:06:35.680> And<00:06:35.919> so<00:06:36.080> the<00:06:36.240> the 00:06:36.710 --> 00:06:36.720 align:start position:0% military context. And so the the 00:06:36.720 --> 00:06:39.029 align:start position:0% military context. And so the the aggressive<00:06:37.280> push<00:06:37.680> of<00:06:38.000> these<00:06:38.319> companies<00:06:38.720> to 00:06:39.029 --> 00:06:39.039 align:start position:0% aggressive push of these companies to 00:06:39.039 --> 00:06:41.110 align:start position:0% aggressive push of these companies to try<00:06:39.360> and<00:06:39.680> get<00:06:39.840> those<00:06:40.080> defense<00:06:40.479> contracts<00:06:40.880> and 00:06:41.110 --> 00:06:41.120 align:start position:0% try and get those defense contracts and 00:06:41.120 --> 00:06:43.029 align:start position:0% try and get those defense contracts and integrate<00:06:41.520> their<00:06:41.759> technologies<00:06:42.639> more<00:06:42.880> and 00:06:43.029 --> 00:06:43.039 align:start position:0% integrate their technologies more and 00:06:43.039 --> 00:06:44.790 align:start position:0% integrate their technologies more and more<00:06:43.199> to<00:06:43.440> the<00:06:43.600> into<00:06:43.840> the<00:06:44.080> infrastructure<00:06:44.560> of 00:06:44.790 --> 00:06:44.800 align:start position:0% more to the into the infrastructure of 00:06:44.800 --> 00:06:47.990 align:start position:0% more to the into the infrastructure of the<00:06:44.960> military<00:06:45.680> is<00:06:46.160> really<00:06:46.479> alarming.<00:06:47.759> I 00:06:47.990 --> 00:06:48.000 align:start position:0% the military is really alarming. I 00:06:48.000 --> 00:06:50.550 align:start position:0% the military is really alarming. I wanted<00:06:48.319> to<00:06:48.560> go<00:06:48.880> to<00:06:49.120> the<00:06:49.360> countries<00:06:50.000> you<00:06:50.319> went 00:06:50.550 --> 00:06:50.560 align:start position:0% wanted to go to the countries you went 00:06:50.560 --> 00:06:52.550 align:start position:0% wanted to go to the countries you went to<00:06:50.800> or<00:06:51.039> the<00:06:51.280> stories<00:06:51.520> you<00:06:51.759> covered<00:06:52.080> because<00:06:52.400> I 00:06:52.550 --> 00:06:52.560 align:start position:0% to or the stories you covered because I 00:06:52.560 --> 00:06:54.790 align:start position:0% to or the stories you covered because I mean<00:06:52.720> this<00:06:52.880> is<00:06:53.120> amazing<00:06:53.680> the<00:06:54.080> depth<00:06:54.319> of<00:06:54.560> your 00:06:54.790 --> 00:06:54.800 align:start position:0% mean this is amazing the depth of your 00:06:54.800 --> 00:06:57.990 align:start position:0% mean this is amazing the depth of your reporting<00:06:55.919> from<00:06:56.240> Kenya<00:06:56.800> to<00:06:57.120> Uruguay<00:06:57.759> to 00:06:57.990 --> 00:06:58.000 align:start position:0% reporting from Kenya to Uruguay to 00:06:58.000 --> 00:07:00.230 align:start position:0% reporting from Kenya to Uruguay to Chile.<00:06:58.800> Um<00:06:59.039> you<00:06:59.199> were<00:06:59.360> talking<00:06:59.599> about<00:06:59.759> the<00:07:00.000> use 00:07:00.230 --> 00:07:00.240 align:start position:0% Chile. Um you were talking about the use 00:07:00.240 --> 00:07:01.749 align:start position:0% Chile. Um you were talking about the use of<00:07:00.479> water<00:07:00.720> and<00:07:00.960> I<00:07:01.120> also<00:07:01.280> want<00:07:01.360> to<00:07:01.440> ask<00:07:01.599> you 00:07:01.749 --> 00:07:01.759 align:start position:0% of water and I also want to ask you 00:07:01.759 --> 00:07:05.350 align:start position:0% of water and I also want to ask you about<00:07:02.000> nuclear<00:07:02.479> power.<00:07:03.280> Uh<00:07:03.520> but<00:07:03.840> in<00:07:04.160> Chile<00:07:05.039> um 00:07:05.350 --> 00:07:05.360 align:start position:0% about nuclear power. Uh but in Chile um 00:07:05.360 --> 00:07:08.230 align:start position:0% about nuclear power. Uh but in Chile um what<00:07:06.240> is<00:07:06.560> happening<00:07:06.960> there<00:07:07.599> around<00:07:07.919> these 00:07:08.230 --> 00:07:08.240 align:start position:0% what is happening there around these 00:07:08.240 --> 00:07:10.150 align:start position:0% what is happening there around these data<00:07:08.639> centers<00:07:08.960> and<00:07:09.199> the<00:07:09.440> water<00:07:09.680> they<00:07:10.000> would 00:07:10.150 --> 00:07:10.160 align:start position:0% data centers and the water they would 00:07:10.160 --> 00:07:11.990 align:start position:0% data centers and the water they would use<00:07:10.319> and<00:07:10.560> the<00:07:10.720> resistance<00:07:11.199> to<00:07:11.440> that. 00:07:11.990 --> 00:07:12.000 align:start position:0% use and the resistance to that. 00:07:12.000 --> 00:07:13.670 align:start position:0% use and the resistance to that. >> Yeah.<00:07:12.319> So<00:07:12.560> Chile<00:07:12.960> has<00:07:13.199> an<00:07:13.360> interesting 00:07:13.670 --> 00:07:13.680 align:start position:0% >> Yeah. So Chile has an interesting 00:07:13.680 --> 00:07:15.510 align:start position:0% >> Yeah. So Chile has an interesting history<00:07:13.919> in<00:07:14.160> that<00:07:14.319> it's<00:07:14.560> been<00:07:14.720> under<00:07:15.199> it<00:07:15.440> was 00:07:15.510 --> 00:07:15.520 align:start position:0% history in that it's been under it was 00:07:15.520 --> 00:07:17.430 align:start position:0% history in that it's been under it was under<00:07:15.759> a<00:07:15.919> dictatorship<00:07:16.560> for<00:07:16.800> a<00:07:17.039> very<00:07:17.199> long 00:07:17.430 --> 00:07:17.440 align:start position:0% under a dictatorship for a very long 00:07:17.440 --> 00:07:20.150 align:start position:0% under a dictatorship for a very long time.<00:07:18.080> And<00:07:18.240> so<00:07:18.479> during<00:07:18.800> that<00:07:19.039> time,<00:07:19.680> most 00:07:20.150 --> 00:07:20.160 align:start position:0% time. And so during that time, most 00:07:20.160 --> 00:07:22.710 align:start position:0% time. And so during that time, most public<00:07:20.639> resources<00:07:21.520> were<00:07:21.840> privatized, 00:07:22.710 --> 00:07:22.720 align:start position:0% public resources were privatized, 00:07:22.720 --> 00:07:25.430 align:start position:0% public resources were privatized, including<00:07:23.440> water.<00:07:24.479> But<00:07:24.800> because<00:07:25.039> of<00:07:25.280> an 00:07:25.430 --> 00:07:25.440 align:start position:0% including water. But because of an 00:07:25.440 --> 00:07:27.430 align:start position:0% including water. But because of an anomaly,<00:07:26.080> there's<00:07:26.400> one<00:07:26.720> community<00:07:27.120> in<00:07:27.360> the 00:07:27.430 --> 00:07:27.440 align:start position:0% anomaly, there's one community in the 00:07:27.440 --> 00:07:29.430 align:start position:0% anomaly, there's one community in the greater<00:07:27.680> Santiago<00:07:28.319> metropolitan<00:07:28.880> region 00:07:29.430 --> 00:07:29.440 align:start position:0% greater Santiago metropolitan region 00:07:29.440 --> 00:07:31.430 align:start position:0% greater Santiago metropolitan region that<00:07:29.759> actually<00:07:30.080> still<00:07:30.319> has<00:07:30.560> access<00:07:30.960> to<00:07:31.199> a 00:07:31.430 --> 00:07:31.440 align:start position:0% that actually still has access to a 00:07:31.440 --> 00:07:33.749 align:start position:0% that actually still has access to a public<00:07:31.840> freshwater<00:07:32.400> resource<00:07:32.960> that<00:07:33.280> services 00:07:33.749 --> 00:07:33.759 align:start position:0% public freshwater resource that services 00:07:33.759 --> 00:07:36.070 align:start position:0% public freshwater resource that services both<00:07:34.000> that<00:07:34.319> community<00:07:35.120> as<00:07:35.360> well<00:07:35.520> as<00:07:35.759> the<00:07:35.919> rest 00:07:36.070 --> 00:07:36.080 align:start position:0% both that community as well as the rest 00:07:36.080 --> 00:07:38.950 align:start position:0% both that community as well as the rest of<00:07:36.160> the<00:07:36.319> country<00:07:36.560> in<00:07:36.880> emergency<00:07:37.520> situations. 00:07:38.950 --> 00:07:38.960 align:start position:0% of the country in emergency situations. 00:07:38.960 --> 00:07:41.270 align:start position:0% of the country in emergency situations. That<00:07:39.199> is<00:07:39.360> the<00:07:39.599> exact<00:07:40.080> community<00:07:40.479> that<00:07:40.800> Google 00:07:41.270 --> 00:07:41.280 align:start position:0% That is the exact community that Google 00:07:41.280 --> 00:07:44.150 align:start position:0% That is the exact community that Google chose<00:07:42.080> to<00:07:42.400> try<00:07:42.639> to<00:07:42.800> put<00:07:43.039> a<00:07:43.280> data<00:07:43.520> center<00:07:43.759> in 00:07:44.150 --> 00:07:44.160 align:start position:0% chose to try to put a data center in 00:07:44.160 --> 00:07:45.350 align:start position:0% chose to try to put a data center in >> and<00:07:44.319> it<00:07:44.479> would<00:07:44.639> be<00:07:44.720> free 00:07:45.350 --> 00:07:45.360 align:start position:0% >> and it would be free 00:07:45.360 --> 00:07:48.469 align:start position:0% >> and it would be free >> and<00:07:45.599> it,<00:07:46.560> you<00:07:46.720> know,<00:07:46.960> I<00:07:47.199> have<00:07:47.440> no<00:07:47.759> idea.<00:07:48.319> That 00:07:48.469 --> 00:07:48.479 align:start position:0% >> and it, you know, I have no idea. That 00:07:48.479 --> 00:07:50.550 align:start position:0% >> and it, you know, I have no idea. That is<00:07:48.639> a<00:07:48.880> great<00:07:49.120> question.<00:07:49.919> But<00:07:50.080> what<00:07:50.319> the 00:07:50.550 --> 00:07:50.560 align:start position:0% is a great question. But what the 00:07:50.560 --> 00:07:52.550 align:start position:0% is a great question. But what the community<00:07:50.960> told<00:07:51.199> me<00:07:51.599> was<00:07:51.840> they<00:07:52.080> weren't<00:07:52.319> even 00:07:52.550 --> 00:07:52.560 align:start position:0% community told me was they weren't even 00:07:52.560 --> 00:07:56.309 align:start position:0% community told me was they weren't even paying<00:07:52.960> taxes<00:07:53.919> for<00:07:54.240> this<00:07:54.639> because<00:07:55.360> they<00:07:56.000> they 00:07:56.309 --> 00:07:56.319 align:start position:0% paying taxes for this because they they 00:07:56.319 --> 00:07:57.589 align:start position:0% paying taxes for this because they they believed<00:07:56.720> based<00:07:56.960> on<00:07:57.120> reading<00:07:57.440> the 00:07:57.589 --> 00:07:57.599 align:start position:0% believed based on reading the 00:07:57.599 --> 00:07:59.189 align:start position:0% believed based on reading the documentation<00:07:58.080> that<00:07:58.319> the<00:07:58.479> taxes<00:07:58.720> that<00:07:58.960> Google 00:07:59.189 --> 00:07:59.199 align:start position:0% documentation that the taxes that Google 00:07:59.199 --> 00:08:01.510 align:start position:0% documentation that the taxes that Google was<00:07:59.360> paying<00:07:59.599> was<00:07:59.840> in<00:08:00.000> fact<00:08:00.400> to<00:08:00.720> where<00:08:00.960> they<00:08:01.199> had 00:08:01.510 --> 00:08:01.520 align:start position:0% was paying was in fact to where they had 00:08:01.520 --> 00:08:04.070 align:start position:0% was paying was in fact to where they had registered<00:08:02.560> their<00:08:03.039> offices,<00:08:03.759> their 00:08:04.070 --> 00:08:04.080 align:start position:0% registered their offices, their 00:08:04.080 --> 00:08:06.309 align:start position:0% registered their offices, their administrative<00:08:04.639> offices,<00:08:05.199> not<00:08:05.680> where<00:08:06.000> they 00:08:06.309 --> 00:08:06.319 align:start position:0% administrative offices, not where they 00:08:06.319 --> 00:08:08.469 align:start position:0% administrative offices, not where they were<00:08:06.639> putting<00:08:06.960> down<00:08:07.360> the<00:08:07.680> data<00:08:07.919> center.<00:08:08.240> So 00:08:08.469 --> 00:08:08.479 align:start position:0% were putting down the data center. So 00:08:08.479 --> 00:08:10.230 align:start position:0% were putting down the data center. So they<00:08:08.720> were<00:08:08.879> not<00:08:09.039> seeing<00:08:09.360> any<00:08:09.680> benefit<00:08:10.080> from 00:08:10.230 --> 00:08:10.240 align:start position:0% they were not seeing any benefit from 00:08:10.240 --> 00:08:11.830 align:start position:0% they were not seeing any benefit from this<00:08:10.479> data<00:08:10.720> center<00:08:11.039> directly<00:08:11.360> to<00:08:11.599> that 00:08:11.830 --> 00:08:11.840 align:start position:0% this data center directly to that 00:08:11.840 --> 00:08:14.230 align:start position:0% this data center directly to that community<00:08:12.479> and<00:08:12.720> they<00:08:12.879> were<00:08:13.120> seeing<00:08:13.440> no<00:08:13.840> checks 00:08:14.230 --> 00:08:14.240 align:start position:0% community and they were seeing no checks 00:08:14.240 --> 00:08:16.469 align:start position:0% community and they were seeing no checks placed<00:08:14.560> on<00:08:14.800> the<00:08:14.960> fresh<00:08:15.280> water<00:08:15.520> that<00:08:15.759> this<00:08:16.160> data 00:08:16.469 --> 00:08:16.479 align:start position:0% placed on the fresh water that this data 00:08:16.479 --> 00:08:18.309 align:start position:0% placed on the fresh water that this data center<00:08:16.800> would<00:08:17.039> have<00:08:17.360> been<00:08:17.599> allowed<00:08:18.000> to 00:08:18.309 --> 00:08:18.319 align:start position:0% center would have been allowed to 00:08:18.319 --> 00:08:20.950 align:start position:0% center would have been allowed to extract.<00:08:19.199> And<00:08:19.360> so<00:08:19.599> these<00:08:20.000> activists<00:08:20.560> said, 00:08:20.950 --> 00:08:20.960 align:start position:0% extract. And so these activists said, 00:08:20.960 --> 00:08:23.510 align:start position:0% extract. And so these activists said, "Wait<00:08:21.280> a<00:08:21.520> minute,<00:08:22.240> absolutely<00:08:22.879> not.<00:08:23.280> We're 00:08:23.510 --> 00:08:23.520 align:start position:0% "Wait a minute, absolutely not. We're 00:08:23.520 --> 00:08:25.029 align:start position:0% "Wait a minute, absolutely not. We're not<00:08:23.680> going<00:08:23.759> to<00:08:23.840> allow<00:08:24.160> this<00:08:24.319> data<00:08:24.639> center<00:08:24.800> to 00:08:25.029 --> 00:08:25.039 align:start position:0% not going to allow this data center to 00:08:25.039 --> 00:08:27.589 align:start position:0% not going to allow this data center to come<00:08:25.199> in<00:08:25.840> unless<00:08:26.240> they<00:08:26.479> give<00:08:26.639> us<00:08:26.879> a<00:08:27.120> legitimate 00:08:27.589 --> 00:08:27.599 align:start position:0% come in unless they give us a legitimate 00:08:27.599 --> 00:08:30.469 align:start position:0% come in unless they give us a legitimate reason<00:08:27.840> for<00:08:28.080> why<00:08:28.400> it<00:08:28.639> benefits<00:08:29.039> us."<00:08:29.840> And<00:08:30.080> so 00:08:30.469 --> 00:08:30.479 align:start position:0% reason for why it benefits us." And so 00:08:30.479 --> 00:08:32.949 align:start position:0% reason for why it benefits us." And so they<00:08:30.960> started<00:08:31.440> doing<00:08:31.840> boots<00:08:32.240> on<00:08:32.399> the<00:08:32.560> ground 00:08:32.949 --> 00:08:32.959 align:start position:0% they started doing boots on the ground 00:08:32.959 --> 00:08:35.430 align:start position:0% they started doing boots on the ground activism,<00:08:34.080> pushing<00:08:34.399> back,<00:08:34.880> knocking<00:08:35.200> on 00:08:35.430 --> 00:08:35.440 align:start position:0% activism, pushing back, knocking on 00:08:35.440 --> 00:08:36.630 align:start position:0% activism, pushing back, knocking on every<00:08:35.680> single<00:08:35.919> one<00:08:36.080> of<00:08:36.159> their<00:08:36.320> neighbors 00:08:36.630 --> 00:08:36.640 align:start position:0% every single one of their neighbors 00:08:36.640 --> 00:08:38.070 align:start position:0% every single one of their neighbors doors,<00:08:37.120> handing<00:08:37.360> out<00:08:37.519> flyers<00:08:37.839> to<00:08:37.919> the 00:08:38.070 --> 00:08:38.080 align:start position:0% doors, handing out flyers to the 00:08:38.080 --> 00:08:40.389 align:start position:0% doors, handing out flyers to the community,<00:08:38.479> telling<00:08:38.719> them<00:08:39.519> this<00:08:39.760> company<00:08:40.159> is 00:08:40.389 --> 00:08:40.399 align:start position:0% community, telling them this company is 00:08:40.399 --> 00:08:42.630 align:start position:0% community, telling them this company is taking<00:08:40.640> our<00:08:40.880> freshwater<00:08:41.440> resources<00:08:42.240> without 00:08:42.630 --> 00:08:42.640 align:start position:0% taking our freshwater resources without 00:08:42.640 --> 00:08:44.310 align:start position:0% taking our freshwater resources without giving<00:08:42.880> us<00:08:43.120> anything<00:08:43.360> in<00:08:43.599> return.<00:08:44.000> And<00:08:44.159> so 00:08:44.310 --> 00:08:44.320 align:start position:0% giving us anything in return. And so 00:08:44.320 --> 00:08:46.790 align:start position:0% giving us anything in return. And so they<00:08:44.560> escalated<00:08:45.279> so<00:08:45.519> dramatically<00:08:46.320> that<00:08:46.560> it 00:08:46.790 --> 00:08:46.800 align:start position:0% they escalated so dramatically that it 00:08:46.800 --> 00:08:48.550 align:start position:0% they escalated so dramatically that it escalated<00:08:47.120> to<00:08:47.279> Google<00:08:47.600> Chile.<00:08:48.000> It<00:08:48.160> escalated 00:08:48.550 --> 00:08:48.560 align:start position:0% escalated to Google Chile. It escalated 00:08:48.560 --> 00:08:50.150 align:start position:0% escalated to Google Chile. It escalated to<00:08:48.720> Google<00:08:48.959> Mountain<00:08:49.279> View,<00:08:49.600> which<00:08:49.920> by<00:08:50.080> the 00:08:50.150 --> 00:08:50.160 align:start position:0% to Google Mountain View, which by the 00:08:50.160 --> 00:08:51.829 align:start position:0% to Google Mountain View, which by the way<00:08:50.320> then<00:08:50.480> sent<00:08:50.800> representatives<00:08:51.279> to<00:08:51.440> Chile 00:08:51.829 --> 00:08:51.839 align:start position:0% way then sent representatives to Chile 00:08:51.839 --> 00:08:54.310 align:start position:0% way then sent representatives to Chile that<00:08:52.080> only<00:08:52.320> spoke<00:08:52.720> English. 00:08:54.310 --> 00:08:54.320 align:start position:0% that only spoke English. 00:08:54.320 --> 00:08:56.389 align:start position:0% that only spoke English. But<00:08:54.480> then<00:08:54.720> it<00:08:55.040> eventually<00:08:55.440> escalated<00:08:56.080> to<00:08:56.240> the 00:08:56.389 --> 00:08:56.399 align:start position:0% But then it eventually escalated to the 00:08:56.399 --> 00:08:58.870 align:start position:0% But then it eventually escalated to the Chilean<00:08:57.120> government.<00:08:57.839> And<00:08:58.160> the<00:08:58.320> Chilean 00:08:58.870 --> 00:08:58.880 align:start position:0% Chilean government. And the Chilean 00:08:58.880 --> 00:09:01.670 align:start position:0% Chilean government. And the Chilean government<00:08:59.440> now<00:09:00.000> has<00:09:00.480> roundts<00:09:01.200> where<00:09:01.440> they 00:09:01.670 --> 00:09:01.680 align:start position:0% government now has roundts where they 00:09:01.680 --> 00:09:03.670 align:start position:0% government now has roundts where they ask<00:09:01.920> these<00:09:02.160> community<00:09:02.560> residents<00:09:03.200> and<00:09:03.440> the 00:09:03.670 --> 00:09:03.680 align:start position:0% ask these community residents and the 00:09:03.680 --> 00:09:04.949 align:start position:0% ask these community residents and the company<00:09:04.000> representatives<00:09:04.640> and 00:09:04.949 --> 00:09:04.959 align:start position:0% company representatives and 00:09:04.959 --> 00:09:06.150 align:start position:0% company representatives and representatives<00:09:05.440> from<00:09:05.600> the<00:09:05.839> government<00:09:06.000> to 00:09:06.150 --> 00:09:06.160 align:start position:0% representatives from the government to 00:09:06.160 --> 00:09:09.269 align:start position:0% representatives from the government to come<00:09:06.320> together<00:09:06.720> to<00:09:06.959> actually<00:09:07.440> discuss<00:09:08.720> how<00:09:09.040> to 00:09:09.269 --> 00:09:09.279 align:start position:0% come together to actually discuss how to 00:09:09.279 --> 00:09:10.949 align:start position:0% come together to actually discuss how to make<00:09:09.519> data<00:09:09.920> center<00:09:10.160> development<00:09:10.640> more 00:09:10.949 --> 00:09:10.959 align:start position:0% make data center development more 00:09:10.959 --> 00:09:12.630 align:start position:0% make data center development more beneficial<00:09:11.440> to<00:09:11.600> the<00:09:11.760> community.<00:09:12.399> The 00:09:12.630 --> 00:09:12.640 align:start position:0% beneficial to the community. The 00:09:12.640 --> 00:09:15.269 align:start position:0% beneficial to the community. The activists<00:09:13.200> say<00:09:13.839> it<00:09:14.000> is<00:09:14.480> the<00:09:14.720> fight<00:09:14.959> is<00:09:15.120> not 00:09:15.269 --> 00:09:15.279 align:start position:0% activists say it is the fight is not 00:09:15.279 --> 00:09:16.790 align:start position:0% activists say it is the fight is not over.<00:09:15.600> Just<00:09:15.839> because<00:09:16.080> they've<00:09:16.320> been<00:09:16.480> invited 00:09:16.790 --> 00:09:16.800 align:start position:0% over. Just because they've been invited 00:09:16.800 --> 00:09:18.389 align:start position:0% over. Just because they've been invited to<00:09:16.959> the<00:09:17.120> table<00:09:17.440> doesn't<00:09:17.839> mean<00:09:18.080> that 00:09:18.389 --> 00:09:18.399 align:start position:0% to the table doesn't mean that 00:09:18.399 --> 00:09:19.910 align:start position:0% to the table doesn't mean that everything<00:09:18.640> is<00:09:18.880> suddenly<00:09:19.279> better.<00:09:19.600> They<00:09:19.839> need 00:09:19.910 --> 00:09:19.920 align:start position:0% everything is suddenly better. They need 00:09:19.920 --> 00:09:21.990 align:start position:0% everything is suddenly better. They need to<00:09:20.240> stay<00:09:20.480> vigilant.<00:09:21.200> They<00:09:21.440> need<00:09:21.519> to<00:09:21.680> continue 00:09:21.990 --> 00:09:22.000 align:start position:0% to stay vigilant. They need to continue 00:09:22.000 --> 00:09:23.910 align:start position:0% to stay vigilant. They need to continue scrutinizing<00:09:22.560> these<00:09:22.880> projects.<00:09:23.440> But<00:09:23.680> thus 00:09:23.910 --> 00:09:23.920 align:start position:0% scrutinizing these projects. But thus 00:09:23.920 --> 00:09:25.509 align:start position:0% scrutinizing these projects. But thus far<00:09:24.160> they've<00:09:24.480> been<00:09:24.560> able<00:09:24.720> to<00:09:24.880> block<00:09:25.279> this 00:09:25.509 --> 00:09:25.519 align:start position:0% far they've been able to block this 00:09:25.519 --> 00:09:27.590 align:start position:0% far they've been able to block this project<00:09:25.760> for<00:09:25.920> four<00:09:26.160> to<00:09:26.320> five<00:09:26.480> years<00:09:27.040> and<00:09:27.360> have 00:09:27.590 --> 00:09:27.600 align:start position:0% project for four to five years and have 00:09:27.600 --> 00:09:30.310 align:start position:0% project for four to five years and have gained<00:09:28.000> that<00:09:28.160> seat<00:09:28.480> at<00:09:28.640> the<00:09:28.800> table. 00:09:30.310 --> 00:09:30.320 align:start position:0% gained that seat at the table. 00:09:30.320 --> 00:09:33.190 align:start position:0% gained that seat at the table. >> And<00:09:30.560> how<00:09:30.720> is<00:09:30.880> it<00:09:31.040> that<00:09:31.360> these<00:09:32.080> uh<00:09:32.640> western 00:09:33.190 --> 00:09:33.200 align:start position:0% >> And how is it that these uh western 00:09:33.200 --> 00:09:36.630 align:start position:0% >> And how is it that these uh western companies<00:09:33.920> in<00:09:34.240> essence<00:09:34.959> are<00:09:35.519> exploiting 00:09:36.630 --> 00:09:36.640 align:start position:0% companies in essence are exploiting 00:09:36.640 --> 00:09:40.230 align:start position:0% companies in essence are exploiting labor<00:09:37.440> in<00:09:37.680> the<00:09:38.000> global<00:09:38.480> south?<00:09:39.519> You<00:09:39.760> go<00:09:39.920> into 00:09:40.230 --> 00:09:40.240 align:start position:0% labor in the global south? You go into 00:09:40.240 --> 00:09:43.110 align:start position:0% labor in the global south? You go into something<00:09:40.640> called<00:09:40.880> data<00:09:41.680> annotation<00:09:42.480> firms. 00:09:43.110 --> 00:09:43.120 align:start position:0% something called data annotation firms. 00:09:43.120 --> 00:09:44.630 align:start position:0% something called data annotation firms. What<00:09:43.360> what<00:09:43.600> are<00:09:43.760> those? 00:09:44.630 --> 00:09:44.640 align:start position:0% What what are those? 00:09:44.640 --> 00:09:47.269 align:start position:0% What what are those? >> Yeah.<00:09:44.880> So<00:09:45.360> because<00:09:45.920> AI<00:09:46.399> modern<00:09:46.720> day<00:09:46.959> AI 00:09:47.269 --> 00:09:47.279 align:start position:0% >> Yeah. So because AI modern day AI 00:09:47.279 --> 00:09:49.750 align:start position:0% >> Yeah. So because AI modern day AI systems<00:09:47.839> are<00:09:48.160> trained<00:09:48.640> on<00:09:49.120> massive<00:09:49.519> amounts 00:09:49.750 --> 00:09:49.760 align:start position:0% systems are trained on massive amounts 00:09:49.760 --> 00:09:51.269 align:start position:0% systems are trained on massive amounts of<00:09:49.839> data<00:09:50.000> and<00:09:50.240> they're<00:09:50.399> sc<00:09:50.720> that's<00:09:50.959> scraped 00:09:51.269 --> 00:09:51.279 align:start position:0% of data and they're sc that's scraped 00:09:51.279 --> 00:09:53.509 align:start position:0% of data and they're sc that's scraped from<00:09:51.440> the<00:09:51.680> internet,<00:09:52.480> you<00:09:52.720> can't<00:09:52.880> actually 00:09:53.509 --> 00:09:53.519 align:start position:0% from the internet, you can't actually 00:09:53.519 --> 00:09:56.710 align:start position:0% from the internet, you can't actually pump<00:09:53.839> that<00:09:54.160> data<00:09:54.560> directly<00:09:55.200> into<00:09:56.080> your<00:09:56.320> AI 00:09:56.710 --> 00:09:56.720 align:start position:0% pump that data directly into your AI 00:09:56.720 --> 00:09:59.269 align:start position:0% pump that data directly into your AI model<00:09:57.120> because<00:09:57.519> there<00:09:57.839> are<00:09:58.000> a<00:09:58.320> lot<00:09:58.399> of<00:09:58.640> things 00:09:59.269 --> 00:09:59.279 align:start position:0% model because there are a lot of things 00:09:59.279 --> 00:10:01.110 align:start position:0% model because there are a lot of things within<00:09:59.600> within<00:10:00.000> that<00:10:00.160> data.<00:10:00.399> It's<00:10:00.640> heavily 00:10:01.110 --> 00:10:01.120 align:start position:0% within within that data. It's heavily 00:10:01.120 --> 00:10:03.190 align:start position:0% within within that data. It's heavily polluted.<00:10:02.080> It<00:10:02.240> needs<00:10:02.399> to<00:10:02.560> be<00:10:02.640> cleaned.<00:10:03.040> It 00:10:03.190 --> 00:10:03.200 align:start position:0% polluted. It needs to be cleaned. It 00:10:03.200 --> 00:10:05.269 align:start position:0% polluted. It needs to be cleaned. It needs<00:10:03.360> to<00:10:03.440> be<00:10:03.600> annotated.<00:10:04.480> So<00:10:04.720> this<00:10:04.880> is<00:10:04.959> where 00:10:05.269 --> 00:10:05.279 align:start position:0% needs to be annotated. So this is where 00:10:05.279 --> 00:10:07.430 align:start position:0% needs to be annotated. So this is where data<00:10:05.680> annotation<00:10:06.160> firms<00:10:06.480> come<00:10:06.640> in.<00:10:06.880> These<00:10:07.200> are 00:10:07.430 --> 00:10:07.440 align:start position:0% data annotation firms come in. These are 00:10:07.440 --> 00:10:11.350 align:start position:0% data annotation firms come in. These are middleman<00:10:08.399> firms<00:10:09.279> that<00:10:09.839> hire<00:10:10.399> contract<00:10:10.959> labor 00:10:11.350 --> 00:10:11.360 align:start position:0% middleman firms that hire contract labor 00:10:11.360 --> 00:10:14.150 align:start position:0% middleman firms that hire contract labor to<00:10:11.680> provide<00:10:12.240> to<00:10:12.480> these<00:10:12.800> AI<00:10:13.120> companies<00:10:13.680> to<00:10:14.000> do 00:10:14.150 --> 00:10:14.160 align:start position:0% to provide to these AI companies to do 00:10:14.160 --> 00:10:16.949 align:start position:0% to provide to these AI companies to do that<00:10:14.399> kind<00:10:14.560> of<00:10:14.720> data<00:10:15.040> preparation.<00:10:16.079> And<00:10:16.640> open 00:10:16.949 --> 00:10:16.959 align:start position:0% that kind of data preparation. And open 00:10:16.959 --> 00:10:19.990 align:start position:0% that kind of data preparation. And open AI<00:10:17.760> when<00:10:18.000> it<00:10:18.160> was<00:10:18.320> starting<00:10:18.640> to<00:10:19.279> think<00:10:19.600> about 00:10:19.990 --> 00:10:20.000 align:start position:0% AI when it was starting to think about 00:10:20.000 --> 00:10:21.590 align:start position:0% AI when it was starting to think about commercializing<00:10:20.640> its<00:10:20.880> products<00:10:21.279> and 00:10:21.590 --> 00:10:21.600 align:start position:0% commercializing its products and 00:10:21.600 --> 00:10:24.790 align:start position:0% commercializing its products and thinking<00:10:21.839> about<00:10:22.560> let's<00:10:22.959> put<00:10:23.680> text<00:10:24.000> generation 00:10:24.790 --> 00:10:24.800 align:start position:0% thinking about let's put text generation 00:10:24.800 --> 00:10:26.870 align:start position:0% thinking about let's put text generation machines<00:10:25.360> that<00:10:25.600> can<00:10:25.839> spew<00:10:26.160> any<00:10:26.399> kind<00:10:26.480> of<00:10:26.640> text 00:10:26.870 --> 00:10:26.880 align:start position:0% machines that can spew any kind of text 00:10:26.880 --> 00:10:28.870 align:start position:0% machines that can spew any kind of text into<00:10:27.200> the<00:10:27.440> hands<00:10:27.680> of<00:10:27.760> millions<00:10:28.079> of<00:10:28.240> users. 00:10:28.870 --> 00:10:28.880 align:start position:0% into the hands of millions of users. 00:10:28.880 --> 00:10:31.509 align:start position:0% into the hands of millions of users. They<00:10:29.120> realized<00:10:29.920> they<00:10:30.240> needed<00:10:30.480> to<00:10:30.800> have<00:10:31.200> some 00:10:31.509 --> 00:10:31.519 align:start position:0% They realized they needed to have some 00:10:31.519 --> 00:10:33.190 align:start position:0% They realized they needed to have some kind<00:10:31.680> of<00:10:31.920> content<00:10:32.320> moderation.<00:10:32.800> They<00:10:33.040> needed 00:10:33.190 --> 00:10:33.200 align:start position:0% kind of content moderation. They needed 00:10:33.200 --> 00:10:34.870 align:start position:0% kind of content moderation. They needed to<00:10:33.360> develop<00:10:33.680> a<00:10:33.839> filter<00:10:34.160> that<00:10:34.399> would<00:10:34.560> wrap 00:10:34.870 --> 00:10:34.880 align:start position:0% to develop a filter that would wrap 00:10:34.880 --> 00:10:37.750 align:start position:0% to develop a filter that would wrap around<00:10:35.519> these<00:10:35.839> models<00:10:36.560> and<00:10:36.959> prevent<00:10:37.440> these 00:10:37.750 --> 00:10:37.760 align:start position:0% around these models and prevent these 00:10:37.760 --> 00:10:40.069 align:start position:0% around these models and prevent these models<00:10:38.079> from<00:10:38.320> actually<00:10:38.720> spewing<00:10:39.519> racist, 00:10:40.069 --> 00:10:40.079 align:start position:0% models from actually spewing racist, 00:10:40.079 --> 00:10:42.310 align:start position:0% models from actually spewing racist, hateful,<00:10:40.640> and<00:10:40.880> harmful<00:10:41.360> speech<00:10:41.680> to<00:10:41.920> users 00:10:42.310 --> 00:10:42.320 align:start position:0% hateful, and harmful speech to users 00:10:42.320 --> 00:10:43.670 align:start position:0% hateful, and harmful speech to users that<00:10:42.560> would<00:10:42.720> not<00:10:42.880> make<00:10:43.040> a<00:10:43.200> very<00:10:43.440> good 00:10:43.670 --> 00:10:43.680 align:start position:0% that would not make a very good 00:10:43.680 --> 00:10:46.389 align:start position:0% that would not make a very good commercially<00:10:44.160> viable<00:10:44.880> product.<00:10:45.279> And<00:10:45.600> so<00:10:46.079> they 00:10:46.389 --> 00:10:46.399 align:start position:0% commercially viable product. And so they 00:10:46.399 --> 00:10:48.630 align:start position:0% commercially viable product. And so they contracted<00:10:46.959> these<00:10:47.200> middleman<00:10:47.680> firms<00:10:48.320> in 00:10:48.630 --> 00:10:48.640 align:start position:0% contracted these middleman firms in 00:10:48.640 --> 00:10:51.269 align:start position:0% contracted these middleman firms in Kenya<00:10:49.680> where<00:10:49.920> the<00:10:50.160> Kenyan<00:10:50.560> workers<00:10:50.959> had<00:10:51.120> to 00:10:51.269 --> 00:10:51.279 align:start position:0% Kenya where the Kenyan workers had to 00:10:51.279 --> 00:10:53.590 align:start position:0% Kenya where the Kenyan workers had to read<00:10:51.440> through<00:10:51.760> reams<00:10:52.240> of<00:10:52.480> the<00:10:52.720> worst<00:10:53.040> text<00:10:53.440> on 00:10:53.590 --> 00:10:53.600 align:start position:0% read through reams of the worst text on 00:10:53.600 --> 00:10:56.310 align:start position:0% read through reams of the worst text on the<00:10:53.839> internet<00:10:54.560> as<00:10:54.800> well<00:10:54.959> as<00:10:55.360> AI<00:10:55.839> generated 00:10:56.310 --> 00:10:56.320 align:start position:0% the internet as well as AI generated 00:10:56.320 --> 00:10:59.110 align:start position:0% the internet as well as AI generated text<00:10:56.560> where<00:10:56.800> open<00:10:57.120> AI<00:10:57.440> was<00:10:57.680> prompting<00:10:58.320> its<00:10:58.800> own 00:10:59.110 --> 00:10:59.120 align:start position:0% text where open AI was prompting its own 00:10:59.120 --> 00:11:02.069 align:start position:0% text where open AI was prompting its own AI<00:10:59.519> models<00:11:00.160> to<00:11:00.480> imagine<00:11:01.040> the<00:11:01.279> worst<00:11:01.600> text<00:11:01.920> on 00:11:02.069 --> 00:11:02.079 align:start position:0% AI models to imagine the worst text on 00:11:02.079 --> 00:11:03.590 align:start position:0% AI models to imagine the worst text on the<00:11:02.320> internet<00:11:02.720> and<00:11:02.959> then<00:11:03.120> telling<00:11:03.360> these 00:11:03.590 --> 00:11:03.600 align:start position:0% the internet and then telling these 00:11:03.600 --> 00:11:06.870 align:start position:0% the internet and then telling these Kenyan<00:11:04.000> workers<00:11:04.640> to<00:11:05.279> detail<00:11:06.000> to<00:11:06.240> categorize 00:11:06.870 --> 00:11:06.880 align:start position:0% Kenyan workers to detail to categorize 00:11:06.880 --> 00:11:09.670 align:start position:0% Kenyan workers to detail to categorize them<00:11:07.519> in<00:11:07.839> detailed<00:11:08.320> taxonomies<00:11:09.040> of<00:11:09.279> is<00:11:09.519> this 00:11:09.670 --> 00:11:09.680 align:start position:0% them in detailed taxonomies of is this 00:11:09.680 --> 00:11:11.829 align:start position:0% them in detailed taxonomies of is this sexual<00:11:10.079> content,<00:11:10.640> is<00:11:10.800> this<00:11:10.959> violent<00:11:11.360> content, 00:11:11.829 --> 00:11:11.839 align:start position:0% sexual content, is this violent content, 00:11:11.839 --> 00:11:13.910 align:start position:0% sexual content, is this violent content, how<00:11:12.079> graphic<00:11:12.480> is<00:11:12.640> that<00:11:12.800> violent<00:11:13.120> content<00:11:13.680> in 00:11:13.910 --> 00:11:13.920 align:start position:0% how graphic is that violent content in 00:11:13.920 --> 00:11:16.389 align:start position:0% how graphic is that violent content in order<00:11:14.160> to<00:11:14.399> teach<00:11:14.720> its<00:11:15.120> filter<00:11:15.920> all<00:11:16.160> the 00:11:16.389 --> 00:11:16.399 align:start position:0% order to teach its filter all the 00:11:16.399 --> 00:11:18.470 align:start position:0% order to teach its filter all the different<00:11:16.640> categories<00:11:17.120> of<00:11:17.360> content<00:11:17.920> it<00:11:18.240> had 00:11:18.470 --> 00:11:18.480 align:start position:0% different categories of content it had 00:11:18.480 --> 00:11:21.190 align:start position:0% different categories of content it had to<00:11:18.720> block.<00:11:19.600> And<00:11:19.920> this<00:11:20.160> is<00:11:20.640> incredibly 00:11:21.190 --> 00:11:21.200 align:start position:0% to block. And this is incredibly 00:11:21.200 --> 00:11:23.829 align:start position:0% to block. And this is incredibly uncommon<00:11:21.600> form<00:11:21.920> of<00:11:22.160> labor.<00:11:22.880> There<00:11:23.040> are<00:11:23.600> lots 00:11:23.829 --> 00:11:23.839 align:start position:0% uncommon form of labor. There are lots 00:11:23.839 --> 00:11:25.110 align:start position:0% uncommon form of labor. There are lots of<00:11:23.920> other<00:11:24.160> different<00:11:24.399> types<00:11:24.560> of<00:11:24.720> contract 00:11:25.110 --> 00:11:25.120 align:start position:0% of other different types of contract 00:11:25.120 --> 00:11:27.590 align:start position:0% of other different types of contract labor<00:11:25.440> that<00:11:25.680> they<00:11:26.000> use.<00:11:26.640> But<00:11:26.800> these<00:11:27.120> workers, 00:11:27.590 --> 00:11:27.600 align:start position:0% labor that they use. But these workers, 00:11:27.600 --> 00:11:29.910 align:start position:0% labor that they use. But these workers, they're<00:11:27.839> paid<00:11:28.079> a<00:11:28.399> few<00:11:28.560> bucks<00:11:28.800> an<00:11:29.040> hour,<00:11:29.440> if<00:11:29.680> at 00:11:29.910 --> 00:11:29.920 align:start position:0% they're paid a few bucks an hour, if at 00:11:29.920 --> 00:11:32.470 align:start position:0% they're paid a few bucks an hour, if at all.<00:11:30.640> And<00:11:30.959> just<00:11:31.200> like<00:11:31.360> the<00:11:31.760> era<00:11:31.920> of<00:11:32.160> social 00:11:32.470 --> 00:11:32.480 align:start position:0% all. And just like the era of social 00:11:32.480 --> 00:11:34.790 align:start position:0% all. And just like the era of social media,<00:11:32.880> these<00:11:33.120> content<00:11:33.519> moderators<00:11:34.079> are<00:11:34.320> left 00:11:34.790 --> 00:11:34.800 align:start position:0% media, these content moderators are left 00:11:34.800 --> 00:11:37.430 align:start position:0% media, these content moderators are left very<00:11:35.200> deeply<00:11:35.600> psychologically<00:11:36.320> traumatized. 00:11:37.430 --> 00:11:37.440 align:start position:0% very deeply psychologically traumatized. 00:11:37.440 --> 00:11:40.069 align:start position:0% very deeply psychologically traumatized. And<00:11:37.839> ultimately,<00:11:38.640> there<00:11:38.880> is<00:11:39.120> no<00:11:39.600> real 00:11:40.069 --> 00:11:40.079 align:start position:0% And ultimately, there is no real 00:11:40.079 --> 00:11:42.630 align:start position:0% And ultimately, there is no real philosophy<00:11:41.120> behind<00:11:41.519> why<00:11:41.839> these<00:11:42.160> workers<00:11:42.480> are 00:11:42.630 --> 00:11:42.640 align:start position:0% philosophy behind why these workers are 00:11:42.640 --> 00:11:44.389 align:start position:0% philosophy behind why these workers are paid<00:11:42.880> a<00:11:43.120> couple<00:11:43.279> bucks<00:11:43.519> an<00:11:43.760> hour<00:11:43.920> and<00:11:44.240> have 00:11:44.389 --> 00:11:44.399 align:start position:0% paid a couple bucks an hour and have 00:11:44.399 --> 00:11:46.630 align:start position:0% paid a couple bucks an hour and have their<00:11:44.640> lives<00:11:44.880> destroyed.<00:11:45.680> And<00:11:45.839> why<00:11:46.160> AI 00:11:46.630 --> 00:11:46.640 align:start position:0% their lives destroyed. And why AI 00:11:46.640 --> 00:11:48.550 align:start position:0% their lives destroyed. And why AI researchers<00:11:47.200> who<00:11:47.440> also<00:11:47.839> contribute<00:11:48.160> to<00:11:48.320> these 00:11:48.550 --> 00:11:48.560 align:start position:0% researchers who also contribute to these 00:11:48.560 --> 00:11:50.150 align:start position:0% researchers who also contribute to these models<00:11:48.959> are<00:11:49.200> paid<00:11:49.519> million-doll 00:11:50.150 --> 00:11:50.160 align:start position:0% models are paid million-doll 00:11:50.160 --> 00:11:52.230 align:start position:0% models are paid million-doll compensation<00:11:50.800> packages<00:11:51.600> simply<00:11:52.000> because 00:11:52.230 --> 00:11:52.240 align:start position:0% compensation packages simply because 00:11:52.240 --> 00:11:55.269 align:start position:0% compensation packages simply because they<00:11:52.560> sit<00:11:52.800> in<00:11:53.120> Silicon<00:11:53.519> Valley<00:11:53.839> in<00:11:54.160> OpenAI's 00:11:55.269 --> 00:11:55.279 align:start position:0% they sit in Silicon Valley in OpenAI's 00:11:55.279 --> 00:11:58.150 align:start position:0% they sit in Silicon Valley in OpenAI's offices.<00:11:56.000> That<00:11:56.320> is<00:11:56.959> the<00:11:57.200> logic<00:11:57.440> of<00:11:57.680> Empire. 00:11:58.150 --> 00:11:58.160 align:start position:0% offices. That is the logic of Empire. 00:11:58.160 --> 00:12:00.069 align:start position:0% offices. That is the logic of Empire. And<00:11:58.320> that<00:11:58.640> hearkens<00:11:59.120> back<00:11:59.360> to<00:11:59.519> my<00:11:59.680> title, 00:12:00.069 --> 00:12:00.079 align:start position:0% And that hearkens back to my title, 00:12:00.079 --> 00:12:01.430 align:start position:0% And that hearkens back to my title, Empire<00:12:00.560> of<00:12:00.800> AI. 00:12:01.430 --> 00:12:01.440 align:start position:0% Empire of AI. 00:12:01.440 --> 00:12:03.670 align:start position:0% Empire of AI. >> So,<00:12:01.600> let's<00:12:01.920> go<00:12:02.079> back<00:12:02.240> to<00:12:02.480> your<00:12:02.720> title,<00:12:03.200> Empire 00:12:03.670 --> 00:12:03.680 align:start position:0% >> So, let's go back to your title, Empire 00:12:03.680 --> 00:12:06.470 align:start position:0% >> So, let's go back to your title, Empire of<00:12:03.839> AI.<00:12:04.320> the<00:12:04.640> subtitle<00:12:05.519> dreams<00:12:06.160> and 00:12:06.470 --> 00:12:06.480 align:start position:0% of AI. the subtitle dreams and 00:12:06.480 --> 00:12:10.310 align:start position:0% of AI. the subtitle dreams and nightmares<00:12:07.360> in<00:12:07.680> Sam<00:12:08.160> Alman's<00:12:08.880> Open<00:12:09.200> AI.<00:12:10.000> So 00:12:10.310 --> 00:12:10.320 align:start position:0% nightmares in Sam Alman's Open AI. So 00:12:10.320 --> 00:12:13.110 align:start position:0% nightmares in Sam Alman's Open AI. So tell<00:12:10.560> us<00:12:10.720> the<00:12:11.040> story<00:12:11.360> of<00:12:11.680> Sam<00:12:12.000> Alman<00:12:12.560> and<00:12:12.800> what 00:12:13.110 --> 00:12:13.120 align:start position:0% tell us the story of Sam Alman and what 00:12:13.120 --> 00:12:15.829 align:start position:0% tell us the story of Sam Alman and what Open<00:12:13.519> AI<00:12:14.079> is<00:12:14.480> all<00:12:14.720> about<00:12:15.120> right<00:12:15.360> through<00:12:15.600> to 00:12:15.829 --> 00:12:15.839 align:start position:0% Open AI is all about right through to 00:12:15.839 --> 00:12:17.829 align:start position:0% Open AI is all about right through to the<00:12:16.000> deal<00:12:16.240> he<00:12:16.480> just<00:12:16.720> made<00:12:16.959> in<00:12:17.120> the<00:12:17.279> Gulf<00:12:17.600> when 00:12:17.829 --> 00:12:17.839 align:start position:0% the deal he just made in the Gulf when 00:12:17.839 --> 00:12:20.790 align:start position:0% the deal he just made in the Gulf when President<00:12:18.320> Trump<00:12:19.120> uh<00:12:19.360> Sam<00:12:19.600> Alman<00:12:20.160> and<00:12:20.399> Elon 00:12:20.790 --> 00:12:20.800 align:start position:0% President Trump uh Sam Alman and Elon 00:12:20.800 --> 00:12:24.230 align:start position:0% President Trump uh Sam Alman and Elon Musk<00:12:21.120> were<00:12:21.360> there.<00:12:22.480> Alman<00:12:23.120> is<00:12:23.440> very<00:12:23.680> much<00:12:23.920> a 00:12:24.230 --> 00:12:24.240 align:start position:0% Musk were there. Alman is very much a 00:12:24.240 --> 00:12:27.030 align:start position:0% Musk were there. Alman is very much a product<00:12:24.880> of<00:12:25.200> Silicon<00:12:25.600> Valley.<00:12:26.160> His<00:12:26.639> career 00:12:27.030 --> 00:12:27.040 align:start position:0% product of Silicon Valley. His career 00:12:27.040 --> 00:12:29.269 align:start position:0% product of Silicon Valley. His career was<00:12:27.360> first<00:12:27.760> as<00:12:28.079> a<00:12:28.240> founder<00:12:28.480> of<00:12:28.639> a<00:12:28.800> startup<00:12:29.040> and 00:12:29.269 --> 00:12:29.279 align:start position:0% was first as a founder of a startup and 00:12:29.279 --> 00:12:30.870 align:start position:0% was first as a founder of a startup and then<00:12:29.440> as<00:12:29.600> the<00:12:29.680> president<00:12:29.920> of<00:12:30.079> Y<00:12:30.320> Combinator, 00:12:30.870 --> 00:12:30.880 align:start position:0% then as the president of Y Combinator, 00:12:30.880 --> 00:12:32.870 align:start position:0% then as the president of Y Combinator, which<00:12:31.040> is<00:12:31.200> one<00:12:31.360> of<00:12:31.440> the<00:12:31.680> most<00:12:31.920> famous<00:12:32.399> startup 00:12:32.870 --> 00:12:32.880 align:start position:0% which is one of the most famous startup 00:12:32.880 --> 00:12:35.110 align:start position:0% which is one of the most famous startup accelerators<00:12:33.440> in<00:12:33.680> Silicon<00:12:34.000> Valley,<00:12:34.720> and<00:12:34.959> then 00:12:35.110 --> 00:12:35.120 align:start position:0% accelerators in Silicon Valley, and then 00:12:35.120 --> 00:12:38.550 align:start position:0% accelerators in Silicon Valley, and then the<00:12:35.360> CEO<00:12:36.079> of<00:12:36.320> OpenAI.<00:12:37.200> And<00:12:37.839> there's<00:12:38.240> no 00:12:38.550 --> 00:12:38.560 align:start position:0% the CEO of OpenAI. And there's no 00:12:38.560 --> 00:12:40.790 align:start position:0% the CEO of OpenAI. And there's no coincidence<00:12:39.120> that<00:12:39.440> OpenAI<00:12:40.320> ended<00:12:40.639> up 00:12:40.790 --> 00:12:40.800 align:start position:0% coincidence that OpenAI ended up 00:12:40.800 --> 00:12:42.629 align:start position:0% coincidence that OpenAI ended up introducing<00:12:41.279> the<00:12:41.440> world<00:12:41.680> to<00:12:41.839> the<00:12:42.079> scale<00:12:42.480> at 00:12:42.629 --> 00:12:42.639 align:start position:0% introducing the world to the scale at 00:12:42.639 --> 00:12:45.509 align:start position:0% introducing the world to the scale at all<00:12:42.880> cost<00:12:43.279> approach<00:12:43.600> to<00:12:43.839> AI<00:12:44.240> development 00:12:45.509 --> 00:12:45.519 align:start position:0% all cost approach to AI development 00:12:45.519 --> 00:12:47.509 align:start position:0% all cost approach to AI development because<00:12:46.000> that<00:12:46.320> is<00:12:46.399> the<00:12:46.639> way<00:12:46.800> that<00:12:47.120> Silicon 00:12:47.509 --> 00:12:47.519 align:start position:0% because that is the way that Silicon 00:12:47.519 --> 00:12:50.389 align:start position:0% because that is the way that Silicon Valley<00:12:47.920> has<00:12:48.240> operated<00:12:49.120> in<00:12:49.440> the<00:12:49.600> entire<00:12:50.079> time 00:12:50.389 --> 00:12:50.399 align:start position:0% Valley has operated in the entire time 00:12:50.399 --> 00:12:54.470 align:start position:0% Valley has operated in the entire time that<00:12:50.639> Altman<00:12:51.360> came<00:12:51.600> up<00:12:51.839> in<00:12:52.079> it.<00:12:52.800> And<00:12:53.040> so<00:12:53.600> he<00:12:54.000> is 00:12:54.470 --> 00:12:54.480 align:start position:0% that Altman came up in it. And so he is 00:12:54.480 --> 00:12:56.949 align:start position:0% that Altman came up in it. And so he is a<00:12:54.800> very<00:12:55.120> strategic<00:12:55.680> person.<00:12:56.399> He<00:12:56.639> is 00:12:56.949 --> 00:12:56.959 align:start position:0% a very strategic person. He is 00:12:56.959 --> 00:12:59.829 align:start position:0% a very strategic person. He is incredibly<00:12:57.600> good<00:12:57.760> at<00:12:58.079> telling<00:12:58.959> stories<00:12:59.440> about 00:12:59.829 --> 00:12:59.839 align:start position:0% incredibly good at telling stories about 00:12:59.839 --> 00:13:01.670 align:start position:0% incredibly good at telling stories about the<00:13:00.079> future<00:13:00.399> and<00:13:00.720> painting<00:13:00.959> these<00:13:01.279> sweeping 00:13:01.670 --> 00:13:01.680 align:start position:0% the future and painting these sweeping 00:13:01.680 --> 00:13:03.750 align:start position:0% the future and painting these sweeping visions<00:13:02.000> that<00:13:02.240> investors<00:13:02.880> and<00:13:03.279> employees 00:13:03.750 --> 00:13:03.760 align:start position:0% visions that investors and employees 00:13:03.760 --> 00:13:06.629 align:start position:0% visions that investors and employees want<00:13:03.839> to<00:13:04.000> be<00:13:04.079> a<00:13:04.240> part<00:13:04.399> of.<00:13:04.959> And<00:13:05.200> so<00:13:05.680> early<00:13:06.000> on<00:13:06.320> at 00:13:06.629 --> 00:13:06.639 align:start position:0% want to be a part of. And so early on at 00:13:06.639 --> 00:13:09.430 align:start position:0% want to be a part of. And so early on at YC,<00:13:07.360> he<00:13:07.760> identified<00:13:08.160> that<00:13:08.480> AI<00:13:08.880> would<00:13:09.120> be<00:13:09.279> one 00:13:09.430 --> 00:13:09.440 align:start position:0% YC, he identified that AI would be one 00:13:09.440 --> 00:13:12.230 align:start position:0% YC, he identified that AI would be one of<00:13:09.519> the<00:13:09.760> trends<00:13:10.639> that<00:13:11.040> could<00:13:11.360> take<00:13:11.600> off.<00:13:12.000> And 00:13:12.230 --> 00:13:12.240 align:start position:0% of the trends that could take off. And 00:13:12.240 --> 00:13:14.949 align:start position:0% of the trends that could take off. And he<00:13:12.480> was<00:13:12.720> trying<00:13:13.040> to<00:13:13.279> build<00:13:13.600> a<00:13:13.839> portfolio<00:13:14.639> of 00:13:14.949 --> 00:13:14.959 align:start position:0% he was trying to build a portfolio of 00:13:14.959 --> 00:13:16.310 align:start position:0% he was trying to build a portfolio of different<00:13:15.200> investments<00:13:15.760> and<00:13:16.079> different 00:13:16.310 --> 00:13:16.320 align:start position:0% different investments and different 00:13:16.320 --> 00:13:19.030 align:start position:0% different investments and different initiatives<00:13:17.200> to<00:13:17.519> place<00:13:17.839> himself<00:13:18.639> in<00:13:18.880> the 00:13:19.030 --> 00:13:19.040 align:start position:0% initiatives to place himself in the 00:13:19.040 --> 00:13:20.629 align:start position:0% initiatives to place himself in the center<00:13:19.360> of<00:13:19.600> various<00:13:20.000> different<00:13:20.240> trends 00:13:20.629 --> 00:13:20.639 align:start position:0% center of various different trends 00:13:20.639 --> 00:13:22.230 align:start position:0% center of various different trends depending<00:13:20.959> on<00:13:21.120> which<00:13:21.360> one<00:13:21.519> took<00:13:21.760> off.<00:13:22.000> He<00:13:22.160> was 00:13:22.230 --> 00:13:22.240 align:start position:0% depending on which one took off. He was 00:13:22.240 --> 00:13:24.069 align:start position:0% depending on which one took off. He was investing<00:13:22.480> in<00:13:22.720> quantum<00:13:23.120> computing.<00:13:23.680> He<00:13:23.920> was 00:13:24.069 --> 00:13:24.079 align:start position:0% investing in quantum computing. He was 00:13:24.079 --> 00:13:26.150 align:start position:0% investing in quantum computing. He was investing<00:13:24.720> in<00:13:24.959> nuclear<00:13:25.440> fusion.<00:13:25.839> He<00:13:26.000> was 00:13:26.150 --> 00:13:26.160 align:start position:0% investing in nuclear fusion. He was 00:13:26.160 --> 00:13:27.910 align:start position:0% investing in nuclear fusion. He was investing<00:13:26.399> in<00:13:26.560> self-driving<00:13:27.120> cars.<00:13:27.519> And<00:13:27.760> he 00:13:27.910 --> 00:13:27.920 align:start position:0% investing in self-driving cars. And he 00:13:27.920 --> 00:13:30.949 align:start position:0% investing in self-driving cars. And he was<00:13:28.079> developing<00:13:28.880> a<00:13:29.120> fundamental<00:13:29.680> AI<00:13:30.399> research 00:13:30.949 --> 00:13:30.959 align:start position:0% was developing a fundamental AI research 00:13:30.959 --> 00:13:33.350 align:start position:0% was developing a fundamental AI research lab.<00:13:31.440> Ultimately,<00:13:31.920> the<00:13:32.160> AI<00:13:32.480> research<00:13:32.880> lab<00:13:33.200> was 00:13:33.350 --> 00:13:33.360 align:start position:0% lab. Ultimately, the AI research lab was 00:13:33.360 --> 00:13:35.110 align:start position:0% lab. Ultimately, the AI research lab was the<00:13:33.519> ones<00:13:33.680> that<00:13:33.920> started<00:13:34.160> accelerating 00:13:35.110 --> 00:13:35.120 align:start position:0% the ones that started accelerating 00:13:35.120 --> 00:13:37.269 align:start position:0% the ones that started accelerating really<00:13:35.519> quickly.<00:13:36.000> So<00:13:36.160> he<00:13:36.480> makes<00:13:36.720> himself<00:13:37.040> the 00:13:37.269 --> 00:13:37.279 align:start position:0% really quickly. So he makes himself the 00:13:37.279 --> 00:13:40.550 align:start position:0% really quickly. So he makes himself the CEO<00:13:37.600> of<00:13:37.760> that<00:13:38.000> company.<00:13:38.880> Um<00:13:39.360> and<00:13:39.839> and 00:13:40.550 --> 00:13:40.560 align:start position:0% CEO of that company. Um and and 00:13:40.560 --> 00:13:43.750 align:start position:0% CEO of that company. Um and and originally<00:13:41.279> he<00:13:41.519> started<00:13:41.839> it<00:13:42.000> as<00:13:42.160> a<00:13:42.399> nonprofit 00:13:43.750 --> 00:13:43.760 align:start position:0% originally he started it as a nonprofit 00:13:43.760 --> 00:13:47.990 align:start position:0% originally he started it as a nonprofit to<00:13:44.079> try<00:13:44.480> and<00:13:45.279> position<00:13:45.680> it<00:13:46.000> as<00:13:46.320> a<00:13:46.639> counter<00:13:47.279> to 00:13:47.990 --> 00:13:48.000 align:start position:0% to try and position it as a counter to 00:13:48.000 --> 00:13:50.230 align:start position:0% to try and position it as a counter to forprofit<00:13:48.800> driven<00:13:49.040> incentives<00:13:49.600> in<00:13:49.839> Silicon 00:13:50.230 --> 00:13:50.240 align:start position:0% forprofit driven incentives in Silicon 00:13:50.240 --> 00:13:52.790 align:start position:0% forprofit driven incentives in Silicon Valley.<00:13:50.880> But<00:13:51.120> within<00:13:51.440> one<00:13:51.600> and<00:13:51.680> a<00:13:51.839> half<00:13:52.000> years, 00:13:52.790 --> 00:13:52.800 align:start position:0% Valley. But within one and a half years, 00:13:52.800 --> 00:13:55.030 align:start position:0% Valley. But within one and a half years, OpenAI's<00:13:53.440> executives<00:13:54.240> identified<00:13:54.639> that<00:13:54.880> if 00:13:55.030 --> 00:13:55.040 align:start position:0% OpenAI's executives identified that if 00:13:55.040 --> 00:13:57.350 align:start position:0% OpenAI's executives identified that if they<00:13:55.200> wanted<00:13:55.440> to<00:13:55.600> be<00:13:55.680> the<00:13:56.000> lead<00:13:56.720> in<00:13:57.120> this 00:13:57.350 --> 00:13:57.360 align:start position:0% they wanted to be the lead in this 00:13:57.360 --> 00:14:00.230 align:start position:0% they wanted to be the lead in this space,<00:13:58.240> they<00:13:58.480> had<00:13:58.720> to<00:13:58.880> go<00:13:59.040> for<00:13:59.360> this<00:13:59.760> scale<00:14:00.079> at 00:14:00.230 --> 00:14:00.240 align:start position:0% space, they had to go for this scale at 00:14:00.240 --> 00:14:02.230 align:start position:0% space, they had to go for this scale at all<00:14:00.399> cost<00:14:00.639> approach<00:14:00.880> and<00:14:01.120> had<00:14:01.360> to<00:14:01.600> should<00:14:01.839> be 00:14:02.230 --> 00:14:02.240 align:start position:0% all cost approach and had to should be 00:14:02.240 --> 00:14:04.230 align:start position:0% all cost approach and had to should be in<00:14:02.480> quotes.<00:14:02.959> They<00:14:03.279> thought<00:14:03.440> that<00:14:03.680> they<00:14:03.920> had<00:14:04.079> to 00:14:04.230 --> 00:14:04.240 align:start position:0% in quotes. They thought that they had to 00:14:04.240 --> 00:14:05.509 align:start position:0% in quotes. They thought that they had to do<00:14:04.320> this.<00:14:04.560> There<00:14:04.720> are<00:14:04.880> actually<00:14:05.040> many<00:14:05.360> other 00:14:05.509 --> 00:14:05.519 align:start position:0% do this. There are actually many other 00:14:05.519 --> 00:14:07.750 align:start position:0% do this. There are actually many other ways<00:14:05.680> to<00:14:05.920> develop<00:14:06.240> AI<00:14:06.560> and<00:14:06.800> to<00:14:07.120> have<00:14:07.440> progress 00:14:07.750 --> 00:14:07.760 align:start position:0% ways to develop AI and to have progress 00:14:07.760 --> 00:14:10.230 align:start position:0% ways to develop AI and to have progress in<00:14:07.920> AI<00:14:08.480> that<00:14:08.800> does<00:14:08.959> not<00:14:09.120> take<00:14:09.279> this<00:14:09.519> approach. 00:14:10.230 --> 00:14:10.240 align:start position:0% in AI that does not take this approach. 00:14:10.240 --> 00:14:11.910 align:start position:0% in AI that does not take this approach. But<00:14:10.480> once<00:14:10.800> they<00:14:11.040> decided<00:14:11.360> that,<00:14:11.680> they 00:14:11.910 --> 00:14:11.920 align:start position:0% But once they decided that, they 00:14:11.920 --> 00:14:14.629 align:start position:0% But once they decided that, they realized<00:14:12.240> the<00:14:12.480> bottleneck<00:14:13.360> was<00:14:13.839> capital.<00:14:14.399> It 00:14:14.629 --> 00:14:14.639 align:start position:0% realized the bottleneck was capital. It 00:14:14.639 --> 00:14:16.870 align:start position:0% realized the bottleneck was capital. It just<00:14:14.800> so<00:14:15.040> happens<00:14:15.360> Sam<00:14:15.600> Alman<00:14:16.000> is<00:14:16.160> a<00:14:16.320> once<00:14:16.560> in<00:14:16.720> a 00:14:16.870 --> 00:14:16.880 align:start position:0% just so happens Sam Alman is a once in a 00:14:16.880 --> 00:14:19.430 align:start position:0% just so happens Sam Alman is a once in a generation<00:14:17.279> fundraising<00:14:17.839> talent.<00:14:18.560> He 00:14:19.430 --> 00:14:19.440 align:start position:0% generation fundraising talent. He 00:14:19.440 --> 00:14:21.590 align:start position:0% generation fundraising talent. He created<00:14:19.839> this<00:14:20.160> new<00:14:20.480> structure<00:14:21.040> nesting<00:14:21.440> a 00:14:21.590 --> 00:14:21.600 align:start position:0% created this new structure nesting a 00:14:21.600 --> 00:14:24.550 align:start position:0% created this new structure nesting a for-profit<00:14:22.160> arm<00:14:22.560> within<00:14:22.880> the<00:14:23.040> nonprofit<00:14:24.000> to 00:14:24.550 --> 00:14:24.560 align:start position:0% for-profit arm within the nonprofit to 00:14:24.560 --> 00:14:26.870 align:start position:0% for-profit arm within the nonprofit to become<00:14:24.959> this<00:14:25.199> fundraising<00:14:25.839> vehicle<00:14:26.320> for<00:14:26.639> the 00:14:26.870 --> 00:14:26.880 align:start position:0% become this fundraising vehicle for the 00:14:26.880 --> 00:14:28.470 align:start position:0% become this fundraising vehicle for the tens<00:14:27.120> of<00:14:27.279> billions<00:14:27.519> and<00:14:27.760> ultimately<00:14:28.160> hundreds 00:14:28.470 --> 00:14:28.480 align:start position:0% tens of billions and ultimately hundreds 00:14:28.480 --> 00:14:30.870 align:start position:0% tens of billions and ultimately hundreds of<00:14:28.560> billions<00:14:28.880> that<00:14:29.120> they<00:14:29.279> needed<00:14:29.920> to<00:14:30.399> pursue 00:14:30.870 --> 00:14:30.880 align:start position:0% of billions that they needed to pursue 00:14:30.880 --> 00:14:33.430 align:start position:0% of billions that they needed to pursue the<00:14:31.199> approach<00:14:31.519> that<00:14:31.760> they<00:14:32.000> decided<00:14:32.399> on.<00:14:33.199> And 00:14:33.430 --> 00:14:33.440 align:start position:0% the approach that they decided on. And 00:14:33.440 --> 00:14:36.310 align:start position:0% the approach that they decided on. And that<00:14:33.760> is<00:14:33.920> how<00:14:34.079> we<00:14:34.480> ultimately<00:14:34.880> get<00:14:35.120> to<00:14:35.920> present 00:14:36.310 --> 00:14:36.320 align:start position:0% that is how we ultimately get to present 00:14:36.320 --> 00:14:38.470 align:start position:0% that is how we ultimately get to present day<00:14:36.560> OpenAI,<00:14:37.120> which<00:14:37.360> is<00:14:37.519> one<00:14:37.760> of<00:14:37.839> the<00:14:38.160> most 00:14:38.470 --> 00:14:38.480 align:start position:0% day OpenAI, which is one of the most 00:14:38.480 --> 00:14:41.590 align:start position:0% day OpenAI, which is one of the most capitalistic<00:14:39.680> companies<00:14:40.240> in<00:14:40.560> the<00:14:40.800> history<00:14:41.360> of 00:14:41.590 --> 00:14:41.600 align:start position:0% capitalistic companies in the history of 00:14:41.600 --> 00:14:44.310 align:start position:0% capitalistic companies in the history of Silicon<00:14:42.079> Valley,<00:14:42.639> continuing<00:14:43.279> to<00:14:43.519> raise 00:14:44.310 --> 00:14:44.320 align:start position:0% Silicon Valley, continuing to raise 00:14:44.320 --> 00:14:46.389 align:start position:0% Silicon Valley, continuing to raise hundreds<00:14:44.639> of<00:14:44.800> billions<00:14:45.199> and<00:14:45.360> and<00:14:45.760> Altman<00:14:46.240> has 00:14:46.389 --> 00:14:46.399 align:start position:0% hundreds of billions and and Altman has 00:14:46.399 --> 00:14:49.590 align:start position:0% hundreds of billions and and Altman has joked<00:14:46.800> even<00:14:47.199> trillions<00:14:48.399> to<00:14:48.880> produce<00:14:49.279> a 00:14:49.590 --> 00:14:49.600 align:start position:0% joked even trillions to produce a 00:14:49.600 --> 00:14:51.829 align:start position:0% joked even trillions to produce a technology<00:14:50.079> that<00:14:50.480> ultimately<00:14:51.040> has<00:14:51.680> a 00:14:51.829 --> 00:14:51.839 align:start position:0% technology that ultimately has a 00:14:51.839 --> 00:14:56.069 align:start position:0% technology that ultimately has a middling<00:14:52.800> economic<00:14:53.839> impact<00:14:54.399> thus<00:14:54.639> far.<00:14:55.760> We'll 00:14:56.069 --> 00:14:56.079 align:start position:0% middling economic impact thus far. We'll 00:14:56.079 --> 00:14:58.389 align:start position:0% middling economic impact thus far. We'll return<00:14:56.399> to<00:14:56.639> our<00:14:56.959> conversation<00:14:57.519> in<00:14:57.760> a<00:14:57.920> minute 00:14:58.389 --> 00:14:58.399 align:start position:0% return to our conversation in a minute 00:14:58.399 --> 00:15:01.350 align:start position:0% return to our conversation in a minute with<00:14:58.720> Karen<00:14:59.199> How,<00:15:00.079> author<00:15:00.320> of<00:15:00.480> the<00:15:00.720> new<00:15:00.880> book 00:15:01.350 --> 00:15:01.360 align:start position:0% with Karen How, author of the new book 00:15:01.360 --> 00:15:04.949 align:start position:0% with Karen How, author of the new book Empire<00:15:02.000> of<00:15:02.320> AI:<00:15:03.199> Dreams<00:15:03.760> and<00:15:04.000> Nightmares<00:15:04.720> in 00:15:04.949 --> 00:15:04.959 align:start position:0% Empire of AI: Dreams and Nightmares in 00:15:04.959 --> 00:15:10.629 align:start position:0% Empire of AI: Dreams and Nightmares in Sam<00:15:05.360> Alman's<00:15:06.160> Open<00:15:06.720> AI.<00:15:07.920> Stay<00:15:08.160> with<00:15:08.320> us. 00:15:10.629 --> 00:15:10.639 align:start position:0% Sam Alman's Open AI. Stay with us. 00:15:10.639 --> 00:15:14.150 align:start position:0% Sam Alman's Open AI. Stay with us. This<00:15:10.959> is<00:15:11.279> Democracy<00:15:12.000> Now!<00:15:12.399> democracynow.org. 00:15:14.150 --> 00:15:14.160 align:start position:0% This is Democracy Now! democracynow.org. 00:15:14.160 --> 00:15:16.790 align:start position:0% This is Democracy Now! democracynow.org. I'm<00:15:14.399> Amy<00:15:14.800> Goodman.<00:15:15.760> In<00:15:16.000> this<00:15:16.240> holiday 00:15:16.790 --> 00:15:16.800 align:start position:0% I'm Amy Goodman. In this holiday 00:15:16.800 --> 00:15:19.030 align:start position:0% I'm Amy Goodman. In this holiday special,<00:15:17.279> we<00:15:17.600> continue<00:15:18.079> with<00:15:18.240> the<00:15:18.480> journalist 00:15:19.030 --> 00:15:19.040 align:start position:0% special, we continue with the journalist 00:15:19.040 --> 00:15:21.990 align:start position:0% special, we continue with the journalist Karen<00:15:19.440> How,<00:15:20.240> author<00:15:20.560> of<00:15:20.720> the<00:15:20.880> new<00:15:21.120> book<00:15:21.440> Empire 00:15:21.990 --> 00:15:22.000 align:start position:0% Karen How, author of the new book Empire 00:15:22.000 --> 00:15:24.710 align:start position:0% Karen How, author of the new book Empire of<00:15:22.240> AI:<00:15:22.880> Dreams<00:15:23.360> and<00:15:23.600> Nightmares,<00:15:24.160> and<00:15:24.399> Sam 00:15:24.710 --> 00:15:24.720 align:start position:0% of AI: Dreams and Nightmares, and Sam 00:15:24.720 --> 00:15:28.550 align:start position:0% of AI: Dreams and Nightmares, and Sam Alman's<00:15:25.440> Open<00:15:25.839> AI.<00:15:27.279> Karen<00:15:27.760> came<00:15:28.000> into<00:15:28.320> our 00:15:28.550 --> 00:15:28.560 align:start position:0% Alman's Open AI. Karen came into our 00:15:28.560 --> 00:15:31.990 align:start position:0% Alman's Open AI. Karen came into our studio<00:15:28.959> in<00:15:29.199> May<00:15:29.680> when<00:15:30.000> she<00:15:30.240> discussed<00:15:30.880> how<00:15:31.279> AI 00:15:31.990 --> 00:15:32.000 align:start position:0% studio in May when she discussed how AI 00:15:32.000 --> 00:15:34.550 align:start position:0% studio in May when she discussed how AI will<00:15:32.320> impact<00:15:32.959> workers. 00:15:34.550 --> 00:15:34.560 align:start position:0% will impact workers. 00:15:34.560 --> 00:15:37.509 align:start position:0% will impact workers. One<00:15:34.800> of<00:15:34.880> the<00:15:35.120> things<00:15:35.519> that<00:15:36.000> we<00:15:36.240> have<00:15:36.399> seen<00:15:36.800> is 00:15:37.509 --> 00:15:37.519 align:start position:0% One of the things that we have seen is 00:15:37.519 --> 00:15:39.350 align:start position:0% One of the things that we have seen is this<00:15:37.839> technology<00:15:38.320> is<00:15:38.560> already<00:15:38.800> having<00:15:38.959> a<00:15:39.199> huge 00:15:39.350 --> 00:15:39.360 align:start position:0% this technology is already having a huge 00:15:39.360 --> 00:15:41.509 align:start position:0% this technology is already having a huge impact<00:15:39.600> on<00:15:39.839> jobs. 00:15:41.509 --> 00:15:41.519 align:start position:0% impact on jobs. 00:15:41.519 --> 00:15:43.350 align:start position:0% impact on jobs. Not<00:15:41.760> necessarily<00:15:42.320> because<00:15:42.560> the<00:15:42.880> technology 00:15:43.350 --> 00:15:43.360 align:start position:0% Not necessarily because the technology 00:15:43.360 --> 00:15:45.910 align:start position:0% Not necessarily because the technology itself<00:15:43.920> is<00:15:44.160> really<00:15:44.560> capable<00:15:45.120> of<00:15:45.440> replacing 00:15:45.910 --> 00:15:45.920 align:start position:0% itself is really capable of replacing 00:15:45.920 --> 00:15:48.470 align:start position:0% itself is really capable of replacing jobs,<00:15:46.639> but<00:15:46.880> it<00:15:47.040> is<00:15:47.279> perceived<00:15:47.760> as<00:15:48.000> capable 00:15:48.470 --> 00:15:48.480 align:start position:0% jobs, but it is perceived as capable 00:15:48.480 --> 00:15:51.350 align:start position:0% jobs, but it is perceived as capable enough<00:15:48.800> that<00:15:49.199> executives<00:15:49.920> are<00:15:50.399> laying<00:15:50.800> off 00:15:51.350 --> 00:15:51.360 align:start position:0% enough that executives are laying off 00:15:51.360 --> 00:15:56.310 align:start position:0% enough that executives are laying off workers.<00:15:52.639> And<00:15:53.519> we<00:15:53.920> need<00:15:54.639> more<00:15:55.680> some<00:15:56.000> kind<00:15:56.160> of 00:15:56.310 --> 00:15:56.320 align:start position:0% workers. And we need more some kind of 00:15:56.320 --> 00:15:59.590 align:start position:0% workers. And we need more some kind of more<00:15:56.639> guard<00:15:56.880> rails<00:15:57.600> to<00:15:58.000> actually<00:15:59.199> prevent 00:15:59.590 --> 00:15:59.600 align:start position:0% more guard rails to actually prevent 00:15:59.600 --> 00:16:01.990 align:start position:0% more guard rails to actually prevent these<00:16:00.000> companies<00:16:00.480> from<00:16:00.880> continuing<00:16:01.440> to<00:16:01.759> try 00:16:01.990 --> 00:16:02.000 align:start position:0% these companies from continuing to try 00:16:02.000 --> 00:16:04.550 align:start position:0% these companies from continuing to try and<00:16:02.240> develop<00:16:03.040> labor<00:16:03.600> automating 00:16:04.550 --> 00:16:04.560 align:start position:0% and develop labor automating 00:16:04.560 --> 00:16:07.269 align:start position:0% and develop labor automating technologies<00:16:05.600> and<00:16:05.920> try<00:16:06.160> to<00:16:06.399> shift<00:16:06.720> them<00:16:06.959> to 00:16:07.269 --> 00:16:07.279 align:start position:0% technologies and try to shift them to 00:16:07.279 --> 00:16:10.389 align:start position:0% technologies and try to shift them to producing<00:16:07.839> labor<00:16:08.399> assistive<00:16:09.519> technologies. 00:16:10.389 --> 00:16:10.399 align:start position:0% producing labor assistive technologies. 00:16:10.399 --> 00:16:11.509 align:start position:0% producing labor assistive technologies. What<00:16:10.480> do<00:16:10.560> you<00:16:10.720> mean? 00:16:11.509 --> 00:16:11.519 align:start position:0% What do you mean? 00:16:11.519 --> 00:16:14.710 align:start position:0% What do you mean? >> So,<00:16:11.839> open<00:16:12.160> AI,<00:16:13.440> their<00:16:13.839> definition<00:16:14.320> of<00:16:14.560> what 00:16:14.710 --> 00:16:14.720 align:start position:0% >> So, open AI, their definition of what 00:16:14.720 --> 00:16:16.069 align:start position:0% >> So, open AI, their definition of what they<00:16:14.959> call<00:16:15.199> artificial<00:16:15.759> general 00:16:16.069 --> 00:16:16.079 align:start position:0% they call artificial general 00:16:16.079 --> 00:16:18.310 align:start position:0% they call artificial general intelligence<00:16:16.959> is<00:16:17.279> highly<00:16:17.680> autonomous 00:16:18.310 --> 00:16:18.320 align:start position:0% intelligence is highly autonomous 00:16:18.320 --> 00:16:20.710 align:start position:0% intelligence is highly autonomous systems<00:16:18.720> that<00:16:18.880> outperform<00:16:19.440> humans<00:16:20.000> in<00:16:20.320> most 00:16:20.710 --> 00:16:20.720 align:start position:0% systems that outperform humans in most 00:16:20.720 --> 00:16:23.269 align:start position:0% systems that outperform humans in most economically<00:16:21.600> valuable<00:16:22.320> work.<00:16:22.720> So,<00:16:22.959> they 00:16:23.269 --> 00:16:23.279 align:start position:0% economically valuable work. So, they 00:16:23.279 --> 00:16:25.829 align:start position:0% economically valuable work. So, they explicitly<00:16:24.000> state<00:16:24.560> that<00:16:24.800> they<00:16:25.040> are<00:16:25.199> trying<00:16:25.440> to 00:16:25.829 --> 00:16:25.839 align:start position:0% explicitly state that they are trying to 00:16:25.839 --> 00:16:28.150 align:start position:0% explicitly state that they are trying to automate<00:16:26.560> jobs<00:16:26.880> away.<00:16:27.279> I<00:16:27.440> mean,<00:16:27.839> what<00:16:28.000> are 00:16:28.150 --> 00:16:28.160 align:start position:0% automate jobs away. I mean, what are 00:16:28.160 --> 00:16:30.069 align:start position:0% automate jobs away. I mean, what are what<00:16:28.399> is<00:16:28.560> economically<00:16:29.120> valuable<00:16:29.440> work?<00:16:29.839> But 00:16:30.069 --> 00:16:30.079 align:start position:0% what is economically valuable work? But 00:16:30.079 --> 00:16:32.790 align:start position:0% what is economically valuable work? But the<00:16:30.399> things<00:16:30.560> that<00:16:30.880> people<00:16:31.120> do<00:16:31.360> to<00:16:31.600> get<00:16:31.839> paid. 00:16:32.790 --> 00:16:32.800 align:start position:0% the things that people do to get paid. 00:16:32.800 --> 00:16:35.430 align:start position:0% the things that people do to get paid. Um<00:16:33.519> but<00:16:34.000> there's<00:16:34.399> this<00:16:34.800> really<00:16:35.120> great<00:16:35.279> book 00:16:35.430 --> 00:16:35.440 align:start position:0% Um but there's this really great book 00:16:35.440 --> 00:16:37.430 align:start position:0% Um but there's this really great book called<00:16:35.680> Power<00:16:35.839> in<00:16:36.079> Progress<00:16:36.480> by<00:16:36.720> MIT 00:16:37.430 --> 00:16:37.440 align:start position:0% called Power in Progress by MIT 00:16:37.440 --> 00:16:39.269 align:start position:0% called Power in Progress by MIT economists<00:16:38.000> Jeron<00:16:38.320> Austin<00:16:38.880> and<00:16:38.959> Simon 00:16:39.269 --> 00:16:39.279 align:start position:0% economists Jeron Austin and Simon 00:16:39.279 --> 00:16:42.629 align:start position:0% economists Jeron Austin and Simon Johnson<00:16:40.000> who<00:16:40.320> mention<00:16:41.279> that<00:16:41.759> technology 00:16:42.629 --> 00:16:42.639 align:start position:0% Johnson who mention that technology 00:16:42.639 --> 00:16:44.710 align:start position:0% Johnson who mention that technology development<00:16:43.199> all<00:16:43.360> technology<00:16:43.839> revolutions 00:16:44.710 --> 00:16:44.720 align:start position:0% development all technology revolutions 00:16:44.720 --> 00:16:46.389 align:start position:0% development all technology revolutions they<00:16:44.959> take<00:16:45.120> a<00:16:45.279> labor<00:16:45.600> automating<00:16:46.000> approach 00:16:46.389 --> 00:16:46.399 align:start position:0% they take a labor automating approach 00:16:46.399 --> 00:16:48.629 align:start position:0% they take a labor automating approach not<00:16:46.639> because<00:16:47.040> of<00:16:47.279> inevitability<00:16:48.000> but<00:16:48.320> because 00:16:48.629 --> 00:16:48.639 align:start position:0% not because of inevitability but because 00:16:48.639 --> 00:16:52.150 align:start position:0% not because of inevitability but because the<00:16:48.959> people<00:16:49.120> at<00:16:49.279> the<00:16:49.440> top<00:16:49.759> choose<00:16:50.720> to<00:16:51.600> automate 00:16:52.150 --> 00:16:52.160 align:start position:0% the people at the top choose to automate 00:16:52.160 --> 00:16:54.470 align:start position:0% the people at the top choose to automate those<00:16:52.480> jobs<00:16:52.800> away.<00:16:53.440> They<00:16:53.759> choose<00:16:54.000> to<00:16:54.240> design 00:16:54.470 --> 00:16:54.480 align:start position:0% those jobs away. They choose to design 00:16:54.480 --> 00:16:56.389 align:start position:0% those jobs away. They choose to design the<00:16:54.720> technology<00:16:55.199> so<00:16:55.440> that<00:16:55.680> they<00:16:55.920> can<00:16:56.000> sell<00:16:56.240> it 00:16:56.389 --> 00:16:56.399 align:start position:0% the technology so that they can sell it 00:16:56.399 --> 00:16:59.189 align:start position:0% the technology so that they can sell it to<00:16:56.639> executives<00:16:57.120> and<00:16:57.440> say<00:16:58.000> you<00:16:58.240> can<00:16:58.480> shrink 00:16:59.189 --> 00:16:59.199 align:start position:0% to executives and say you can shrink 00:16:59.199 --> 00:17:01.110 align:start position:0% to executives and say you can shrink your<00:16:59.519> costs<00:17:00.000> by<00:17:00.399> laying<00:17:00.560> off<00:17:00.720> all<00:17:00.880> these 00:17:01.110 --> 00:17:01.120 align:start position:0% your costs by laying off all these 00:17:01.120 --> 00:17:03.829 align:start position:0% your costs by laying off all these workers<00:17:01.519> and<00:17:01.839> using<00:17:02.240> our<00:17:02.639> AI<00:17:03.040> services 00:17:03.829 --> 00:17:03.839 align:start position:0% workers and using our AI services 00:17:03.839 --> 00:17:06.470 align:start position:0% workers and using our AI services instead.<00:17:04.799> But<00:17:05.039> in<00:17:05.199> the<00:17:05.360> past,<00:17:05.679> we've<00:17:06.079> seen 00:17:06.470 --> 00:17:06.480 align:start position:0% instead. But in the past, we've seen 00:17:06.480 --> 00:17:09.350 align:start position:0% instead. But in the past, we've seen studies<00:17:07.039> that<00:17:07.439> for<00:17:07.600> example<00:17:08.079> suggest<00:17:08.799> that<00:17:09.120> if 00:17:09.350 --> 00:17:09.360 align:start position:0% studies that for example suggest that if 00:17:09.360 --> 00:17:12.390 align:start position:0% studies that for example suggest that if you<00:17:09.600> develop<00:17:09.919> an<00:17:10.160> AI<00:17:10.559> tool<00:17:11.199> that<00:17:11.520> a<00:17:11.919> doctor 00:17:12.390 --> 00:17:12.400 align:start position:0% you develop an AI tool that a doctor 00:17:12.400 --> 00:17:15.029 align:start position:0% you develop an AI tool that a doctor uses<00:17:12.959> rather<00:17:13.199> than<00:17:13.520> replacing<00:17:14.000> the<00:17:14.240> doctor, 00:17:15.029 --> 00:17:15.039 align:start position:0% uses rather than replacing the doctor, 00:17:15.039 --> 00:17:17.350 align:start position:0% uses rather than replacing the doctor, you<00:17:15.280> will<00:17:15.439> actually<00:17:15.919> get<00:17:16.480> better<00:17:16.799> health<00:17:17.039> care 00:17:17.350 --> 00:17:17.360 align:start position:0% you will actually get better health care 00:17:17.360 --> 00:17:19.270 align:start position:0% you will actually get better health care for<00:17:17.600> patients.<00:17:18.000> you<00:17:18.160> will<00:17:18.480> get<00:17:18.640> better<00:17:18.959> di 00:17:19.270 --> 00:17:19.280 align:start position:0% for patients. you will get better di 00:17:19.280 --> 00:17:21.510 align:start position:0% for patients. you will get better di cancer<00:17:19.600> diagnoses.<00:17:20.480> If<00:17:20.720> you<00:17:20.799> develop<00:17:21.039> an<00:17:21.280> AI 00:17:21.510 --> 00:17:21.520 align:start position:0% cancer diagnoses. If you develop an AI 00:17:21.520 --> 00:17:23.510 align:start position:0% cancer diagnoses. If you develop an AI tool<00:17:21.760> that<00:17:22.000> teachers<00:17:22.400> can<00:17:22.640> use<00:17:23.039> rather<00:17:23.360> than 00:17:23.510 --> 00:17:23.520 align:start position:0% tool that teachers can use rather than 00:17:23.520 --> 00:17:25.590 align:start position:0% tool that teachers can use rather than just<00:17:23.760> an<00:17:24.000> AI<00:17:24.319> tutor<00:17:24.720> that<00:17:24.959> replaces<00:17:25.360> the 00:17:25.590 --> 00:17:25.600 align:start position:0% just an AI tutor that replaces the 00:17:25.600 --> 00:17:28.069 align:start position:0% just an AI tutor that replaces the teacher,<00:17:26.319> your<00:17:26.640> kids<00:17:26.959> will<00:17:27.199> get<00:17:27.679> better 00:17:28.069 --> 00:17:28.079 align:start position:0% teacher, your kids will get better 00:17:28.079 --> 00:17:29.990 align:start position:0% teacher, your kids will get better educational<00:17:28.799> outcomes.<00:17:29.360> And<00:17:29.440> so<00:17:29.600> that's<00:17:29.840> what 00:17:29.990 --> 00:17:30.000 align:start position:0% educational outcomes. And so that's what 00:17:30.000 --> 00:17:32.549 align:start position:0% educational outcomes. And so that's what I<00:17:30.080> mean<00:17:30.240> by<00:17:30.400> labor<00:17:30.880> assistive<00:17:31.760> than<00:17:31.919> labor 00:17:32.549 --> 00:17:32.559 align:start position:0% I mean by labor assistive than labor 00:17:32.559 --> 00:17:35.110 align:start position:0% I mean by labor assistive than labor >> and<00:17:32.799> explain<00:17:33.600> uh<00:17:33.840> what<00:17:34.160> you<00:17:34.320> mean<00:17:34.640> because<00:17:34.880> I 00:17:35.110 --> 00:17:35.120 align:start position:0% >> and explain uh what you mean because I 00:17:35.120 --> 00:17:36.630 align:start position:0% >> and explain uh what you mean because I think<00:17:35.200> a<00:17:35.440> lot<00:17:35.600> of<00:17:35.679> people<00:17:36.160> don't<00:17:36.400> even 00:17:36.630 --> 00:17:36.640 align:start position:0% think a lot of people don't even 00:17:36.640 --> 00:17:38.710 align:start position:0% think a lot of people don't even understand<00:17:37.280> artificial<00:17:37.840> intelligence.<00:17:38.559> And 00:17:38.710 --> 00:17:38.720 align:start position:0% understand artificial intelligence. And 00:17:38.720 --> 00:17:41.430 align:start position:0% understand artificial intelligence. And when<00:17:38.880> you<00:17:39.120> say<00:17:39.919> replace<00:17:40.320> the<00:17:40.720> doctor,<00:17:41.280> what 00:17:41.430 --> 00:17:41.440 align:start position:0% when you say replace the doctor, what 00:17:41.440 --> 00:17:42.710 align:start position:0% when you say replace the doctor, what are<00:17:41.520> you<00:17:41.760> talking<00:17:42.080> about? 00:17:42.710 --> 00:17:42.720 align:start position:0% are you talking about? 00:17:42.720 --> 00:17:45.350 align:start position:0% are you talking about? >> Right.<00:17:43.039> So<00:17:43.280> these<00:17:43.600> companies<00:17:44.240> they<00:17:44.559> try<00:17:44.880> to 00:17:45.350 --> 00:17:45.360 align:start position:0% >> Right. So these companies they try to 00:17:45.360 --> 00:17:47.669 align:start position:0% >> Right. So these companies they try to develop<00:17:46.240> a<00:17:46.480> technology<00:17:46.880> that<00:17:47.120> they<00:17:47.280> position 00:17:47.669 --> 00:17:47.679 align:start position:0% develop a technology that they position 00:17:47.679 --> 00:17:49.590 align:start position:0% develop a technology that they position as<00:17:48.000> an<00:17:48.240> everything<00:17:48.720> machine<00:17:48.960> that<00:17:49.200> can<00:17:49.440> do 00:17:49.590 --> 00:17:49.600 align:start position:0% as an everything machine that can do 00:17:49.600 --> 00:17:53.750 align:start position:0% as an everything machine that can do anything.<00:17:50.720> Um<00:17:51.120> and<00:17:51.360> so<00:17:51.919> they<00:17:52.320> will<00:17:52.640> try<00:17:52.880> to<00:17:53.039> say 00:17:53.750 --> 00:17:53.760 align:start position:0% anything. Um and so they will try to say 00:17:53.760 --> 00:17:56.549 align:start position:0% anything. Um and so they will try to say you<00:17:54.080> can<00:17:54.480> use<00:17:54.799> this<00:17:55.200> you<00:17:55.440> can<00:17:55.520> talk<00:17:55.679> to<00:17:55.840> chatbt 00:17:56.549 --> 00:17:56.559 align:start position:0% you can use this you can talk to chatbt 00:17:56.559 --> 00:17:59.909 align:start position:0% you can use this you can talk to chatbt for<00:17:56.799> therapy.<00:17:58.000> No,<00:17:58.240> you<00:17:58.400> cannot.<00:17:59.200> Chat<00:17:59.440> GBT<00:17:59.840> is 00:17:59.909 --> 00:17:59.919 align:start position:0% for therapy. No, you cannot. Chat GBT is 00:17:59.919 --> 00:18:01.750 align:start position:0% for therapy. No, you cannot. Chat GBT is not<00:18:00.080> a<00:18:00.400> licensed<00:18:00.720> therapist.<00:18:01.200> And<00:18:01.360> in<00:18:01.520> fact, 00:18:01.750 --> 00:18:01.760 align:start position:0% not a licensed therapist. And in fact, 00:18:01.760 --> 00:18:03.750 align:start position:0% not a licensed therapist. And in fact, these<00:18:02.080> models<00:18:02.480> actually<00:18:02.960> spew<00:18:03.360> lots<00:18:03.679> of 00:18:03.750 --> 00:18:03.760 align:start position:0% these models actually spew lots of 00:18:03.760 --> 00:18:05.909 align:start position:0% these models actually spew lots of medical<00:18:04.160> misinformation.<00:18:05.360> And<00:18:05.520> there<00:18:05.760> have 00:18:05.909 --> 00:18:05.919 align:start position:0% medical misinformation. And there have 00:18:05.919 --> 00:18:10.070 align:start position:0% medical misinformation. And there have been<00:18:06.240> lots<00:18:06.559> of<00:18:07.280> um<00:18:07.679> examples<00:18:08.400> of<00:18:09.200> actually 00:18:10.070 --> 00:18:10.080 align:start position:0% been lots of um examples of actually 00:18:10.080 --> 00:18:12.390 align:start position:0% been lots of um examples of actually users<00:18:10.480> being<00:18:10.960> psychologically<00:18:11.679> harmed<00:18:12.080> by 00:18:12.390 --> 00:18:12.400 align:start position:0% users being psychologically harmed by 00:18:12.400 --> 00:18:14.549 align:start position:0% users being psychologically harmed by the<00:18:12.640> model<00:18:12.960> because<00:18:13.280> the<00:18:13.520> model<00:18:13.840> will 00:18:14.549 --> 00:18:14.559 align:start position:0% the model because the model will 00:18:14.559 --> 00:18:17.350 align:start position:0% the model because the model will continue<00:18:14.960> to<00:18:15.280> reinforce<00:18:16.400> um<00:18:16.559> selfharming 00:18:17.350 --> 00:18:17.360 align:start position:0% continue to reinforce um selfharming 00:18:17.360 --> 00:18:19.190 align:start position:0% continue to reinforce um selfharming behaviors.<00:18:18.000> And<00:18:18.160> we've<00:18:18.400> even<00:18:18.640> had<00:18:18.799> cases 00:18:19.190 --> 00:18:19.200 align:start position:0% behaviors. And we've even had cases 00:18:19.200 --> 00:18:22.470 align:start position:0% behaviors. And we've even had cases where<00:18:20.160> uh<00:18:20.480> children<00:18:21.200> who<00:18:21.600> speak<00:18:21.840> to<00:18:22.000> chatbots 00:18:22.470 --> 00:18:22.480 align:start position:0% where uh children who speak to chatbots 00:18:22.480 --> 00:18:24.789 align:start position:0% where uh children who speak to chatbots and<00:18:22.720> develop<00:18:23.039> huge<00:18:23.840> emotional<00:18:24.320> relationships 00:18:24.789 --> 00:18:24.799 align:start position:0% and develop huge emotional relationships 00:18:24.799 --> 00:18:26.549 align:start position:0% and develop huge emotional relationships with<00:18:24.960> these<00:18:25.120> chatbots<00:18:25.679> have<00:18:26.000> actually<00:18:26.320> killed 00:18:26.549 --> 00:18:26.559 align:start position:0% with these chatbots have actually killed 00:18:26.559 --> 00:18:29.110 align:start position:0% with these chatbots have actually killed themselves<00:18:27.039> after<00:18:27.679> using<00:18:28.240> these<00:18:28.559> chatbot 00:18:29.110 --> 00:18:29.120 align:start position:0% themselves after using these chatbot 00:18:29.120 --> 00:18:31.669 align:start position:0% themselves after using these chatbot systems.<00:18:30.000> Um<00:18:30.559> but<00:18:30.799> that's<00:18:31.039> what<00:18:31.200> I<00:18:31.360> mean<00:18:31.440> when 00:18:31.669 --> 00:18:31.679 align:start position:0% systems. Um but that's what I mean when 00:18:31.679 --> 00:18:33.270 align:start position:0% systems. Um but that's what I mean when these<00:18:31.919> companies<00:18:32.320> are<00:18:32.640> trying<00:18:32.799> to<00:18:32.960> develop 00:18:33.270 --> 00:18:33.280 align:start position:0% these companies are trying to develop 00:18:33.280 --> 00:18:34.549 align:start position:0% these companies are trying to develop labor<00:18:33.679> automating<00:18:34.080> tools.<00:18:34.400> They're 00:18:34.549 --> 00:18:34.559 align:start position:0% labor automating tools. They're 00:18:34.559 --> 00:18:38.070 align:start position:0% labor automating tools. They're positioning<00:18:35.039> it<00:18:35.200> as<00:18:35.919> you<00:18:36.240> can<00:18:36.400> now<00:18:36.720> hire<00:18:37.200> this 00:18:38.070 --> 00:18:38.080 align:start position:0% positioning it as you can now hire this 00:18:38.080 --> 00:18:40.470 align:start position:0% positioning it as you can now hire this tool<00:18:38.480> instead<00:18:38.799> of<00:18:38.960> hire<00:18:39.280> a<00:18:39.600> worker.<00:18:40.080> I<00:18:40.320> mean, 00:18:40.470 --> 00:18:40.480 align:start position:0% tool instead of hire a worker. I mean, 00:18:40.480 --> 00:18:42.470 align:start position:0% tool instead of hire a worker. I mean, most<00:18:40.720> recently,<00:18:41.280> Sam<00:18:41.520> Alman<00:18:41.919> was<00:18:42.080> speaking<00:18:42.240> at 00:18:42.470 --> 00:18:42.480 align:start position:0% most recently, Sam Alman was speaking at 00:18:42.480 --> 00:18:45.110 align:start position:0% most recently, Sam Alman was speaking at a<00:18:42.640> conference<00:18:43.039> and<00:18:43.360> said,<00:18:44.320> "We<00:18:44.720> originally 00:18:45.110 --> 00:18:45.120 align:start position:0% a conference and said, "We originally 00:18:45.120 --> 00:18:47.270 align:start position:0% a conference and said, "We originally said<00:18:45.200> that<00:18:45.440> these<00:18:45.679> models<00:18:46.080> were<00:18:46.559> junior<00:18:47.039> level 00:18:47.270 --> 00:18:47.280 align:start position:0% said that these models were junior level 00:18:47.280 --> 00:18:50.070 align:start position:0% said that these models were junior level partners<00:18:47.840> at<00:18:48.080> a<00:18:48.240> law<00:18:48.400> firm,<00:18:49.120> and<00:18:49.360> now<00:18:49.679> we<00:18:49.919> think 00:18:50.070 --> 00:18:50.080 align:start position:0% partners at a law firm, and now we think 00:18:50.080 --> 00:18:52.470 align:start position:0% partners at a law firm, and now we think that<00:18:50.320> they<00:18:50.559> can<00:18:50.720> really<00:18:51.039> be<00:18:51.600> more<00:18:51.919> senior 00:18:52.470 --> 00:18:52.480 align:start position:0% that they can really be more senior 00:18:52.480 --> 00:18:54.630 align:start position:0% that they can really be more senior colleagues<00:18:52.960> at<00:18:53.200> a<00:18:53.360> law<00:18:53.520> firm."<00:18:54.160> What<00:18:54.320> he's 00:18:54.630 --> 00:18:54.640 align:start position:0% colleagues at a law firm." What he's 00:18:54.640 --> 00:18:57.190 align:start position:0% colleagues at a law firm." What he's saying<00:18:54.960> is<00:18:55.520> don't<00:18:55.919> hire<00:18:56.320> the<00:18:56.559> junior<00:18:56.960> level 00:18:57.190 --> 00:18:57.200 align:start position:0% saying is don't hire the junior level 00:18:57.200 --> 00:18:59.270 align:start position:0% saying is don't hire the junior level partners,<00:18:57.760> don't<00:18:57.919> hire<00:18:58.160> the<00:18:58.480> senior 00:18:59.270 --> 00:18:59.280 align:start position:0% partners, don't hire the senior 00:18:59.280 --> 00:19:02.150 align:start position:0% partners, don't hire the senior colleagues,<00:19:00.000> and<00:19:00.240> just<00:19:00.559> use<00:19:00.720> our<00:19:00.960> AI<00:19:01.679> models. 00:19:02.150 --> 00:19:02.160 align:start position:0% colleagues, and just use our AI models. 00:19:02.160 --> 00:19:04.390 align:start position:0% colleagues, and just use our AI models. And<00:19:02.400> we<00:19:02.559> are<00:19:02.720> already<00:19:03.039> seeing<00:19:03.600> the<00:19:03.919> career 00:19:04.390 --> 00:19:04.400 align:start position:0% And we are already seeing the career 00:19:04.400 --> 00:19:08.150 align:start position:0% And we are already seeing the career ladder<00:19:04.960> breaking<00:19:06.240> because<00:19:07.200> many<00:19:07.520> different 00:19:08.150 --> 00:19:08.160 align:start position:0% ladder breaking because many different 00:19:08.160 --> 00:19:10.710 align:start position:0% ladder breaking because many different white<00:19:08.400> collar<00:19:09.280> job<00:19:09.679> uh<00:19:09.760> white<00:19:10.000> collar<00:19:10.400> service 00:19:10.710 --> 00:19:10.720 align:start position:0% white collar job uh white collar service 00:19:10.720 --> 00:19:12.710 align:start position:0% white collar job uh white collar service industries<00:19:11.200> as<00:19:11.360> well<00:19:11.520> as<00:19:11.679> other<00:19:11.919> industries 00:19:12.710 --> 00:19:12.720 align:start position:0% industries as well as other industries 00:19:12.720 --> 00:19:15.270 align:start position:0% industries as well as other industries are<00:19:13.039> becoming<00:19:13.520> convinced<00:19:14.400> that<00:19:14.720> they<00:19:14.960> do<00:19:15.120> not 00:19:15.270 --> 00:19:15.280 align:start position:0% are becoming convinced that they do not 00:19:15.280 --> 00:19:16.870 align:start position:0% are becoming convinced that they do not need<00:19:15.440> to<00:19:15.600> hire<00:19:15.840> interns.<00:19:16.320> They<00:19:16.480> do<00:19:16.640> not<00:19:16.799> need 00:19:16.870 --> 00:19:16.880 align:start position:0% need to hire interns. They do not need 00:19:16.880 --> 00:19:19.190 align:start position:0% need to hire interns. They do not need to<00:19:16.960> hire<00:19:17.280> entry-level<00:19:18.240> positions<00:19:18.799> that<00:19:19.039> they 00:19:19.190 --> 00:19:19.200 align:start position:0% to hire entry-level positions that they 00:19:19.200 --> 00:19:21.350 align:start position:0% to hire entry-level positions that they just<00:19:19.360> need<00:19:19.520> these<00:19:19.760> AI<00:19:20.160> models<00:19:20.480> and<00:19:20.880> new 00:19:21.350 --> 00:19:21.360 align:start position:0% just need these AI models and new 00:19:21.360 --> 00:19:24.390 align:start position:0% just need these AI models and new college<00:19:21.760> graduates<00:19:22.720> are<00:19:23.200> struggling<00:19:23.840> now<00:19:24.160> to 00:19:24.390 --> 00:19:24.400 align:start position:0% college graduates are struggling now to 00:19:24.400 --> 00:19:26.150 align:start position:0% college graduates are struggling now to find<00:19:24.640> job<00:19:24.880> opportunities<00:19:25.440> to<00:19:25.679> help<00:19:25.840> them<00:19:26.080> get 00:19:26.150 --> 00:19:26.160 align:start position:0% find job opportunities to help them get 00:19:26.160 --> 00:19:28.549 align:start position:0% find job opportunities to help them get a<00:19:26.400> foothold<00:19:26.880> into<00:19:27.280> these<00:19:27.600> industries.<00:19:28.160> So, 00:19:28.549 --> 00:19:28.559 align:start position:0% a foothold into these industries. So, 00:19:28.559 --> 00:19:30.630 align:start position:0% a foothold into these industries. So, you've<00:19:28.880> talked<00:19:29.120> about<00:19:29.360> Sam<00:19:29.600> Alman,<00:19:30.240> and<00:19:30.400> in 00:19:30.630 --> 00:19:30.640 align:start position:0% you've talked about Sam Alman, and in 00:19:30.640 --> 00:19:33.430 align:start position:0% you've talked about Sam Alman, and in part<00:19:30.880> one,<00:19:31.200> we<00:19:31.520> touched<00:19:31.840> on<00:19:32.640> uh<00:19:32.799> who<00:19:33.039> he<00:19:33.200> is, 00:19:33.430 --> 00:19:33.440 align:start position:0% part one, we touched on uh who he is, 00:19:33.440 --> 00:19:36.630 align:start position:0% part one, we touched on uh who he is, but<00:19:33.600> I'd<00:19:33.840> like<00:19:33.919> you<00:19:34.080> to<00:19:34.160> go<00:19:34.320> more<00:19:34.640> deeply<00:19:35.360> into 00:19:36.630 --> 00:19:36.640 align:start position:0% but I'd like you to go more deeply into 00:19:36.640 --> 00:19:38.870 align:start position:0% but I'd like you to go more deeply into what<00:19:37.039> uh<00:19:37.200> who<00:19:37.440> Sam<00:19:37.760> Alman<00:19:38.160> is,<00:19:38.480> how<00:19:38.640> he 00:19:38.870 --> 00:19:38.880 align:start position:0% what uh who Sam Alman is, how he 00:19:38.880 --> 00:19:41.830 align:start position:0% what uh who Sam Alman is, how he exploded<00:19:39.520> onto<00:19:39.919> the<00:19:40.720> um<00:19:41.039> US<00:19:41.360> scene, 00:19:41.830 --> 00:19:41.840 align:start position:0% exploded onto the um US scene, 00:19:41.840 --> 00:19:44.230 align:start position:0% exploded onto the um US scene, testifying<00:19:42.480> before<00:19:42.960> Congress,<00:19:43.520> actually 00:19:44.230 --> 00:19:44.240 align:start position:0% testifying before Congress, actually 00:19:44.240 --> 00:19:46.549 align:start position:0% testifying before Congress, actually warning<00:19:44.720> about<00:19:44.960> the<00:19:45.200> dangers<00:19:45.600> of<00:19:45.840> AI.<00:19:46.400> So, 00:19:46.549 --> 00:19:46.559 align:start position:0% warning about the dangers of AI. So, 00:19:46.559 --> 00:19:48.950 align:start position:0% warning about the dangers of AI. So, that<00:19:46.799> really<00:19:47.120> protected<00:19:47.679> him<00:19:47.840> in<00:19:48.080> a<00:19:48.240> way. 00:19:48.950 --> 00:19:48.960 align:start position:0% that really protected him in a way. 00:19:48.960 --> 00:19:51.270 align:start position:0% that really protected him in a way. >> Um<00:19:49.360> people<00:19:49.760> seeing<00:19:50.000> him<00:19:50.240> as<00:19:50.400> a<00:19:50.640> prophet. 00:19:51.270 --> 00:19:51.280 align:start position:0% >> Um people seeing him as a prophet. 00:19:51.280 --> 00:19:54.549 align:start position:0% >> Um people seeing him as a prophet. That's<00:19:51.520> a<00:19:51.760> P<00:19:52.160> O<00:19:52.640> P.<00:19:53.679> But<00:19:53.840> now,<00:19:54.000> we<00:19:54.240> can<00:19:54.400> talk 00:19:54.549 --> 00:19:54.559 align:start position:0% That's a P O P. But now, we can talk 00:19:54.559 --> 00:19:56.950 align:start position:0% That's a P O P. But now, we can talk about<00:19:54.720> the<00:19:54.960> other<00:19:55.120> kind<00:19:55.280> of<00:19:55.440> prophet,<00:19:55.919> P<00:19:56.240> O<00:19:56.480> Fit 00:19:56.950 --> 00:19:56.960 align:start position:0% about the other kind of prophet, P O Fit 00:19:56.960 --> 00:19:57.990 align:start position:0% about the other kind of prophet, P O Fit T. 00:19:57.990 --> 00:19:58.000 align:start position:0% T. 00:19:58.000 --> 00:20:01.909 align:start position:0% T. um<00:19:58.320> and<00:19:58.640> how<00:19:59.760> open<00:20:00.160> AI<00:20:00.640> was<00:20:00.960> formed.<00:20:01.440> How<00:20:01.600> is 00:20:01.909 --> 00:20:01.919 align:start position:0% um and how open AI was formed. How is 00:20:01.919 --> 00:20:05.350 align:start position:0% um and how open AI was formed. How is open<00:20:02.320> AI<00:20:02.799> different<00:20:03.120> from<00:20:03.600> AI? 00:20:05.350 --> 00:20:05.360 align:start position:0% open AI different from AI? 00:20:05.360 --> 00:20:09.029 align:start position:0% open AI different from AI? OpenAI<00:20:06.480> is<00:20:07.200> a<00:20:07.440> com<00:20:07.840> I<00:20:08.080> mean<00:20:08.240> it<00:20:08.480> was<00:20:08.640> originally 00:20:09.029 --> 00:20:09.039 align:start position:0% OpenAI is a com I mean it was originally 00:20:09.039 --> 00:20:11.909 align:start position:0% OpenAI is a com I mean it was originally founded<00:20:09.360> as<00:20:09.520> a<00:20:09.679> nonprofit<00:20:10.240> as<00:20:10.480> I<00:20:10.799> mentioned 00:20:11.909 --> 00:20:11.919 align:start position:0% founded as a nonprofit as I mentioned 00:20:11.919 --> 00:20:15.430 align:start position:0% founded as a nonprofit as I mentioned and<00:20:13.200> Alman<00:20:14.000> specifically<00:20:14.799> when<00:20:15.039> he<00:20:15.280> was 00:20:15.430 --> 00:20:15.440 align:start position:0% and Alman specifically when he was 00:20:15.440 --> 00:20:17.590 align:start position:0% and Alman specifically when he was thinking<00:20:15.679> about<00:20:16.080> how<00:20:16.320> do<00:20:16.480> I<00:20:17.039> make<00:20:17.280> a 00:20:17.590 --> 00:20:17.600 align:start position:0% thinking about how do I make a 00:20:17.600 --> 00:20:19.350 align:start position:0% thinking about how do I make a fundamental<00:20:18.000> AI<00:20:18.320> research<00:20:18.640> lab<00:20:18.880> that<00:20:19.120> is 00:20:19.350 --> 00:20:19.360 align:start position:0% fundamental AI research lab that is 00:20:19.360 --> 00:20:23.270 align:start position:0% fundamental AI research lab that is going<00:20:19.520> to<00:20:20.320> make<00:20:20.480> a<00:20:20.640> big<00:20:20.960> splash<00:20:22.240> he<00:20:22.720> chose<00:20:23.039> to 00:20:23.270 --> 00:20:23.280 align:start position:0% going to make a big splash he chose to 00:20:23.280 --> 00:20:25.110 align:start position:0% going to make a big splash he chose to make<00:20:23.440> it<00:20:23.600> a<00:20:23.760> nonprofit<00:20:24.320> because<00:20:24.640> he 00:20:25.110 --> 00:20:25.120 align:start position:0% make it a nonprofit because he 00:20:25.120 --> 00:20:28.230 align:start position:0% make it a nonprofit because he identified<00:20:25.919> that<00:20:26.240> if<00:20:26.480> he<00:20:26.720> could<00:20:26.960> not<00:20:27.200> compete 00:20:28.230 --> 00:20:28.240 align:start position:0% identified that if he could not compete 00:20:28.240 --> 00:20:31.430 align:start position:0% identified that if he could not compete on<00:20:28.559> capital<00:20:29.919> and<00:20:30.159> he<00:20:30.480> was<00:20:30.640> relatively<00:20:31.120> late<00:20:31.360> to 00:20:31.430 --> 00:20:31.440 align:start position:0% on capital and he was relatively late to 00:20:31.440 --> 00:20:33.190 align:start position:0% on capital and he was relatively late to the<00:20:31.600> game<00:20:31.919> Google<00:20:32.159> already<00:20:32.480> had<00:20:32.640> a<00:20:32.799> monopoly 00:20:33.190 --> 00:20:33.200 align:start position:0% the game Google already had a monopoly 00:20:33.200 --> 00:20:35.190 align:start position:0% the game Google already had a monopoly on<00:20:33.440> a<00:20:33.600> lot<00:20:33.679> of<00:20:33.760> top<00:20:34.080> AI<00:20:34.400> research<00:20:34.799> talent<00:20:35.120> at 00:20:35.190 --> 00:20:35.200 align:start position:0% on a lot of top AI research talent at 00:20:35.200 --> 00:20:36.789 align:start position:0% on a lot of top AI research talent at the<00:20:35.360> time<00:20:35.679> if<00:20:35.919> he<00:20:36.080> could<00:20:36.159> not<00:20:36.320> compete<00:20:36.640> on 00:20:36.789 --> 00:20:36.799 align:start position:0% the time if he could not compete on 00:20:36.799 --> 00:20:39.270 align:start position:0% the time if he could not compete on capital<00:20:37.120> and<00:20:37.280> he<00:20:37.520> could<00:20:37.679> not<00:20:37.840> compete<00:20:38.880> um<00:20:39.120> in 00:20:39.270 --> 00:20:39.280 align:start position:0% capital and he could not compete um in 00:20:39.280 --> 00:20:41.510 align:start position:0% capital and he could not compete um in in<00:20:39.600> terms<00:20:39.760> of<00:20:39.919> being<00:20:40.000> a<00:20:40.240> first<00:20:40.480> mover<00:20:41.280> he 00:20:41.510 --> 00:20:41.520 align:start position:0% in terms of being a first mover he 00:20:41.520 --> 00:20:44.070 align:start position:0% in terms of being a first mover he needed<00:20:41.919> some<00:20:42.240> other<00:20:42.880> kind<00:20:43.120> of<00:20:43.440> ingredient 00:20:44.070 --> 00:20:44.080 align:start position:0% needed some other kind of ingredient 00:20:44.080 --> 00:20:47.350 align:start position:0% needed some other kind of ingredient there<00:20:44.799> to<00:20:45.039> really<00:20:45.440> recruit<00:20:45.919> talent<00:20:46.400> recruit 00:20:47.350 --> 00:20:47.360 align:start position:0% there to really recruit talent recruit 00:20:47.360 --> 00:20:49.590 align:start position:0% there to really recruit talent recruit um<00:20:47.679> public<00:20:47.919> goodwill<00:20:48.480> and<00:20:48.799> establish<00:20:49.280> a<00:20:49.440> name 00:20:49.590 --> 00:20:49.600 align:start position:0% um public goodwill and establish a name 00:20:49.600 --> 00:20:52.789 align:start position:0% um public goodwill and establish a name for<00:20:49.840> open<00:20:50.080> AAI<00:20:50.400> so<00:20:50.559> he<00:20:50.960> identified<00:20:52.000> a<00:20:52.320> mission 00:20:52.789 --> 00:20:52.799 align:start position:0% for open AAI so he identified a mission 00:20:52.799 --> 00:20:54.630 align:start position:0% for open AAI so he identified a mission he<00:20:53.120> identified<00:20:53.840> let<00:20:54.080> me<00:20:54.159> make<00:20:54.320> this<00:20:54.480> a 00:20:54.630 --> 00:20:54.640 align:start position:0% he identified let me make this a 00:20:54.640 --> 00:20:56.630 align:start position:0% he identified let me make this a nonprofit<00:20:55.039> and<00:20:55.200> let<00:20:55.360> me<00:20:55.600> give<00:20:55.840> it<00:20:56.000> a<00:20:56.320> really 00:20:56.630 --> 00:20:56.640 align:start position:0% nonprofit and let me give it a really 00:20:56.640 --> 00:20:58.149 align:start position:0% nonprofit and let me give it a really compelling<00:20:57.120> mission<00:20:57.440> so<00:20:57.679> the<00:20:57.840> mission<00:20:58.000> of 00:20:58.149 --> 00:20:58.159 align:start position:0% compelling mission so the mission of 00:20:58.159 --> 00:21:01.270 align:start position:0% compelling mission so the mission of openai<00:20:58.720> is<00:20:58.960> to<00:20:59.120> ensure<00:21:00.080> artificial<00:21:00.799> general 00:21:01.270 --> 00:21:01.280 align:start position:0% openai is to ensure artificial general 00:21:01.280 --> 00:21:04.549 align:start position:0% openai is to ensure artificial general intelligence<00:21:02.000> benefits<00:21:02.960> all<00:21:03.280> of<00:21:03.520> humanity 00:21:04.549 --> 00:21:04.559 align:start position:0% intelligence benefits all of humanity 00:21:04.559 --> 00:21:06.870 align:start position:0% intelligence benefits all of humanity And<00:21:04.960> one<00:21:05.200> of<00:21:05.360> the<00:21:05.600> quotes<00:21:05.919> that<00:21:06.159> I<00:21:06.320> open<00:21:06.640> my 00:21:06.870 --> 00:21:06.880 align:start position:0% And one of the quotes that I open my 00:21:06.880 --> 00:21:10.549 align:start position:0% And one of the quotes that I open my book<00:21:07.120> with<00:21:07.840> is<00:21:08.240> this<00:21:08.480> quote<00:21:08.799> that<00:21:09.200> Sam<00:21:09.440> Alman 00:21:10.549 --> 00:21:10.559 align:start position:0% book with is this quote that Sam Alman 00:21:10.559 --> 00:21:14.390 align:start position:0% book with is this quote that Sam Alman cited<00:21:10.960> himself<00:21:12.159> in<00:21:12.480> 2013<00:21:13.440> um<00:21:13.600> in<00:21:13.760> his<00:21:13.919> blog.<00:21:14.240> He 00:21:14.390 --> 00:21:14.400 align:start position:0% cited himself in 2013 um in his blog. He 00:21:14.400 --> 00:21:15.990 align:start position:0% cited himself in 2013 um in his blog. He was<00:21:14.480> an<00:21:14.640> avid<00:21:14.960> blogger<00:21:15.280> back<00:21:15.440> in<00:21:15.600> the<00:21:15.760> day 00:21:15.990 --> 00:21:16.000 align:start position:0% was an avid blogger back in the day 00:21:16.000 --> 00:21:17.830 align:start position:0% was an avid blogger back in the day talking<00:21:16.240> about<00:21:16.640> his<00:21:16.960> learnings<00:21:17.280> on<00:21:17.520> business 00:21:17.830 --> 00:21:17.840 align:start position:0% talking about his learnings on business 00:21:17.840 --> 00:21:19.590 align:start position:0% talking about his learnings on business and<00:21:18.080> strategy<00:21:18.480> and<00:21:18.640> Silicon<00:21:19.039> Valley<00:21:19.280> startup 00:21:19.590 --> 00:21:19.600 align:start position:0% and strategy and Silicon Valley startup 00:21:19.600 --> 00:21:23.590 align:start position:0% and strategy and Silicon Valley startup life.<00:21:20.559> And<00:21:20.799> the<00:21:21.039> quote<00:21:21.360> is<00:21:22.320> successful<00:21:22.960> people 00:21:23.590 --> 00:21:23.600 align:start position:0% life. And the quote is successful people 00:21:23.600 --> 00:21:26.149 align:start position:0% life. And the quote is successful people built<00:21:24.000> companies,<00:21:24.720> more<00:21:25.039> successful<00:21:25.520> people 00:21:26.149 --> 00:21:26.159 align:start position:0% built companies, more successful people 00:21:26.159 --> 00:21:28.549 align:start position:0% built companies, more successful people build<00:21:26.559> countries.<00:21:27.440> The<00:21:27.760> most<00:21:28.000> successful 00:21:28.549 --> 00:21:28.559 align:start position:0% build countries. The most successful 00:21:28.559 --> 00:21:31.190 align:start position:0% build countries. The most successful people<00:21:29.200> build<00:21:29.840> religions.<00:21:30.720> And<00:21:30.880> then<00:21:31.039> he 00:21:31.190 --> 00:21:31.200 align:start position:0% people build religions. And then he 00:21:31.200 --> 00:21:32.950 align:start position:0% people build religions. And then he reflects<00:21:31.600> on<00:21:31.760> that<00:21:31.919> quote<00:21:32.159> in<00:21:32.320> his<00:21:32.480> blog 00:21:32.950 --> 00:21:32.960 align:start position:0% reflects on that quote in his blog 00:21:32.960 --> 00:21:35.669 align:start position:0% reflects on that quote in his blog saying,<00:21:33.600> "It<00:21:34.000> appears<00:21:34.320> to<00:21:34.559> me<00:21:34.799> that<00:21:35.120> the<00:21:35.440> best 00:21:35.669 --> 00:21:35.679 align:start position:0% saying, "It appears to me that the best 00:21:35.679 --> 00:21:37.510 align:start position:0% saying, "It appears to me that the best way<00:21:35.919> to<00:21:36.080> build<00:21:36.240> a<00:21:36.480> religion<00:21:36.799> is<00:21:37.120> actually<00:21:37.360> to 00:21:37.510 --> 00:21:37.520 align:start position:0% way to build a religion is actually to 00:21:37.520 --> 00:21:38.870 align:start position:0% way to build a religion is actually to build<00:21:37.760> a<00:21:38.080> company." 00:21:38.870 --> 00:21:38.880 align:start position:0% build a company." 00:21:38.880 --> 00:21:41.750 align:start position:0% build a company." >> And<00:21:39.120> so<00:21:39.600> talk<00:21:39.919> about<00:21:40.240> how<00:21:40.799> Alman<00:21:41.280> was<00:21:41.520> then 00:21:41.750 --> 00:21:41.760 align:start position:0% >> And so talk about how Alman was then 00:21:41.760 --> 00:21:44.230 align:start position:0% >> And so talk about how Alman was then forced<00:21:42.159> out<00:21:42.320> of<00:21:42.480> the<00:21:42.720> company<00:21:43.440> and<00:21:43.760> then<00:21:44.000> came 00:21:44.230 --> 00:21:44.240 align:start position:0% forced out of the company and then came 00:21:44.240 --> 00:21:46.230 align:start position:0% forced out of the company and then came back.<00:21:44.559> And<00:21:44.799> also<00:21:45.120> I<00:21:45.360> just<00:21:45.520> found<00:21:45.679> it<00:21:46.000> so 00:21:46.230 --> 00:21:46.240 align:start position:0% back. And also I just found it so 00:21:46.240 --> 00:21:48.149 align:start position:0% back. And also I just found it so fascinating<00:21:46.720> that<00:21:47.039> you<00:21:47.280> were<00:21:47.440> able<00:21:47.679> to<00:21:47.840> speak 00:21:48.149 --> 00:21:48.159 align:start position:0% fascinating that you were able to speak 00:21:48.159 --> 00:21:50.390 align:start position:0% fascinating that you were able to speak with<00:21:48.480> so<00:21:48.799> many<00:21:49.039> Open<00:21:49.440> AI<00:21:49.760> workers.<00:21:50.159> You 00:21:50.390 --> 00:21:50.400 align:start position:0% with so many Open AI workers. You 00:21:50.400 --> 00:21:52.470 align:start position:0% with so many Open AI workers. You thought<00:21:50.799> there<00:21:51.039> was<00:21:51.120> a<00:21:51.360> kind<00:21:51.520> of<00:21:51.600> total<00:21:52.000> ban<00:21:52.320> on 00:21:52.470 --> 00:21:52.480 align:start position:0% thought there was a kind of total ban on 00:21:52.480 --> 00:21:52.789 align:start position:0% thought there was a kind of total ban on you. 00:21:52.789 --> 00:21:52.799 align:start position:0% you. 00:21:52.799 --> 00:21:54.870 align:start position:0% you. >> Yes.<00:21:53.280> Yeah.<00:21:53.679> Exactly.<00:21:54.080> So<00:21:54.240> I<00:21:54.400> was<00:21:54.480> the<00:21:54.720> first 00:21:54.870 --> 00:21:54.880 align:start position:0% >> Yes. Yeah. Exactly. So I was the first 00:21:54.880 --> 00:21:57.830 align:start position:0% >> Yes. Yeah. Exactly. So I was the first journalist<00:21:55.280> to<00:21:55.520> profile<00:21:56.480> OpenAI.<00:21:57.360> Um,<00:21:57.600> I 00:21:57.830 --> 00:21:57.840 align:start position:0% journalist to profile OpenAI. Um, I 00:21:57.840 --> 00:21:59.350 align:start position:0% journalist to profile OpenAI. Um, I embedded<00:21:58.240> within<00:21:58.480> the<00:21:58.640> company<00:21:58.799> for<00:21:58.960> 3<00:21:59.200> days 00:21:59.350 --> 00:21:59.360 align:start position:0% embedded within the company for 3 days 00:21:59.360 --> 00:22:01.590 align:start position:0% embedded within the company for 3 days in<00:21:59.600> 2019<00:22:00.240> and<00:22:00.400> then<00:22:00.559> my<00:22:00.799> profile<00:22:01.120> published<00:22:01.440> in 00:22:01.590 --> 00:22:01.600 align:start position:0% in 2019 and then my profile published in 00:22:01.600 --> 00:22:04.470 align:start position:0% in 2019 and then my profile published in 2020<00:22:02.000> for<00:22:02.159> MIT<00:22:02.640> technology<00:22:03.200> review<00:22:04.000> and<00:22:04.240> at 00:22:04.470 --> 00:22:04.480 align:start position:0% 2020 for MIT technology review and at 00:22:04.480 --> 00:22:06.870 align:start position:0% 2020 for MIT technology review and at the<00:22:04.640> time<00:22:05.039> I<00:22:05.840> identified<00:22:06.159> in<00:22:06.400> the<00:22:06.559> profile 00:22:06.870 --> 00:22:06.880 align:start position:0% the time I identified in the profile 00:22:06.880 --> 00:22:09.110 align:start position:0% the time I identified in the profile this<00:22:07.120> tension<00:22:07.520> that<00:22:07.679> I<00:22:07.840> was<00:22:08.000> seeing<00:22:08.559> where<00:22:08.880> it 00:22:09.110 --> 00:22:09.120 align:start position:0% this tension that I was seeing where it 00:22:09.120 --> 00:22:11.990 align:start position:0% this tension that I was seeing where it was<00:22:09.200> a<00:22:09.360> nonprofit<00:22:10.080> by<00:22:10.400> name<00:22:11.039> but<00:22:11.440> behind<00:22:11.760> the 00:22:11.990 --> 00:22:12.000 align:start position:0% was a nonprofit by name but behind the 00:22:12.000 --> 00:22:13.750 align:start position:0% was a nonprofit by name but behind the scenes<00:22:12.559> a<00:22:12.720> lot<00:22:12.799> of<00:22:12.880> the<00:22:13.039> public<00:22:13.360> values<00:22:13.600> that 00:22:13.750 --> 00:22:13.760 align:start position:0% scenes a lot of the public values that 00:22:13.760 --> 00:22:15.590 align:start position:0% scenes a lot of the public values that they<00:22:14.000> exposed<00:22:14.640> were<00:22:14.880> actually<00:22:15.039> the<00:22:15.280> opposite 00:22:15.590 --> 00:22:15.600 align:start position:0% they exposed were actually the opposite 00:22:15.600 --> 00:22:17.350 align:start position:0% they exposed were actually the opposite of<00:22:15.760> how<00:22:15.919> they<00:22:16.080> operated.<00:22:16.559> So<00:22:16.720> they<00:22:16.880> espoused 00:22:17.350 --> 00:22:17.360 align:start position:0% of how they operated. So they espoused 00:22:17.360 --> 00:22:18.950 align:start position:0% of how they operated. So they espoused transparency<00:22:18.159> but<00:22:18.400> they<00:22:18.559> were<00:22:18.640> highly 00:22:18.950 --> 00:22:18.960 align:start position:0% transparency but they were highly 00:22:18.960 --> 00:22:20.630 align:start position:0% transparency but they were highly secretive.<00:22:19.760> They<00:22:19.919> espoused 00:22:20.630 --> 00:22:20.640 align:start position:0% secretive. They espoused 00:22:20.640 --> 00:22:22.149 align:start position:0% secretive. They espoused collaboriveness.<00:22:21.520> They<00:22:21.679> were<00:22:21.840> highly 00:22:22.149 --> 00:22:22.159 align:start position:0% collaboriveness. They were highly 00:22:22.159 --> 00:22:24.470 align:start position:0% collaboriveness. They were highly competitive.<00:22:23.200> and<00:22:23.440> they<00:22:23.679> espoused<00:22:24.159> that<00:22:24.320> they 00:22:24.470 --> 00:22:24.480 align:start position:0% competitive. and they espoused that they 00:22:24.480 --> 00:22:26.710 align:start position:0% competitive. and they espoused that they had<00:22:24.640> no<00:22:24.880> commercial<00:22:25.280> intent,<00:22:25.679> but<00:22:26.000> in<00:22:26.159> fact<00:22:26.400> it 00:22:26.710 --> 00:22:26.720 align:start position:0% had no commercial intent, but in fact it 00:22:26.720 --> 00:22:28.710 align:start position:0% had no commercial intent, but in fact it seemed<00:22:26.960> like<00:22:27.520> they<00:22:27.760> had<00:22:27.919> just<00:22:28.080> gotten<00:22:28.320> a<00:22:28.480> $1 00:22:28.710 --> 00:22:28.720 align:start position:0% seemed like they had just gotten a $1 00:22:28.720 --> 00:22:30.549 align:start position:0% seemed like they had just gotten a $1 billion<00:22:29.200> investment<00:22:29.600> from<00:22:29.840> Microsoft.<00:22:30.400> It 00:22:30.549 --> 00:22:30.559 align:start position:0% billion investment from Microsoft. It 00:22:30.559 --> 00:22:32.149 align:start position:0% billion investment from Microsoft. It seems<00:22:30.799> like<00:22:30.960> they<00:22:31.200> were<00:22:31.360> rapidly<00:22:31.840> going<00:22:32.000> to 00:22:32.149 --> 00:22:32.159 align:start position:0% seems like they were rapidly going to 00:22:32.159 --> 00:22:34.149 align:start position:0% seems like they were rapidly going to develop<00:22:32.480> commercial<00:22:33.200> intent.<00:22:33.679> And<00:22:33.840> so<00:22:34.000> I 00:22:34.149 --> 00:22:34.159 align:start position:0% develop commercial intent. And so I 00:22:34.159 --> 00:22:36.230 align:start position:0% develop commercial intent. And so I wrote<00:22:34.320> that<00:22:34.480> into<00:22:34.720> the<00:22:34.880> profile<00:22:35.360> and<00:22:35.679> OpenAI 00:22:36.230 --> 00:22:36.240 align:start position:0% wrote that into the profile and OpenAI 00:22:36.240 --> 00:22:38.310 align:start position:0% wrote that into the profile and OpenAI was<00:22:36.320> deeply<00:22:36.640> unhappy<00:22:37.039> about<00:22:37.200> it<00:22:37.440> and<00:22:37.760> they 00:22:38.310 --> 00:22:38.320 align:start position:0% was deeply unhappy about it and they 00:22:38.320 --> 00:22:40.710 align:start position:0% was deeply unhappy about it and they would<00:22:38.559> not<00:22:38.880> refuse<00:22:39.280> to<00:22:39.520> talk<00:22:39.600> to<00:22:39.760> me<00:22:40.240> for<00:22:40.480> 3 00:22:40.710 --> 00:22:40.720 align:start position:0% would not refuse to talk to me for 3 00:22:40.720 --> 00:22:42.870 align:start position:0% would not refuse to talk to me for 3 years.<00:22:41.520> But<00:22:41.679> when<00:22:41.919> I<00:22:42.080> started<00:22:42.320> working<00:22:42.480> on<00:22:42.720> the 00:22:42.870 --> 00:22:42.880 align:start position:0% years. But when I started working on the 00:22:42.880 --> 00:22:44.630 align:start position:0% years. But when I started working on the book,<00:22:43.280> when<00:22:43.440> I<00:22:43.600> started<00:22:43.840> reaching<00:22:44.159> out<00:22:44.320> to 00:22:44.630 --> 00:22:44.640 align:start position:0% book, when I started reaching out to 00:22:44.640 --> 00:22:46.470 align:start position:0% book, when I started reaching out to employees,<00:22:45.120> current<00:22:45.520> and<00:22:45.600> former,<00:22:46.240> I 00:22:46.470 --> 00:22:46.480 align:start position:0% employees, current and former, I 00:22:46.480 --> 00:22:49.110 align:start position:0% employees, current and former, I discovered<00:22:47.039> that<00:22:47.360> many<00:22:47.760> employees<00:22:48.720> actually 00:22:49.110 --> 00:22:49.120 align:start position:0% discovered that many employees actually 00:22:49.120 --> 00:22:50.870 align:start position:0% discovered that many employees actually really<00:22:49.440> liked<00:22:49.760> the<00:22:50.000> profile<00:22:50.400> and<00:22:50.640> they 00:22:50.870 --> 00:22:50.880 align:start position:0% really liked the profile and they 00:22:50.880 --> 00:22:52.789 align:start position:0% really liked the profile and they specifically<00:22:51.440> wanted<00:22:51.679> to<00:22:51.840> talk<00:22:52.000> to<00:22:52.240> me 00:22:52.789 --> 00:22:52.799 align:start position:0% specifically wanted to talk to me 00:22:52.799 --> 00:22:55.029 align:start position:0% specifically wanted to talk to me because<00:22:53.120> they<00:22:53.440> thought<00:22:53.919> that<00:22:54.240> I<00:22:54.480> would<00:22:54.720> do 00:22:55.029 --> 00:22:55.039 align:start position:0% because they thought that I would do 00:22:55.039 --> 00:22:57.110 align:start position:0% because they thought that I would do justice<00:22:55.520> to<00:22:55.840> the<00:22:56.080> truth<00:22:56.400> of<00:22:56.640> what<00:22:56.799> had 00:22:57.110 --> 00:22:57.120 align:start position:0% justice to the truth of what had 00:22:57.120 --> 00:22:59.190 align:start position:0% justice to the truth of what had actually<00:22:57.440> happened<00:22:57.919> within<00:22:58.320> the<00:22:58.559> company<00:22:58.960> and 00:22:59.190 --> 00:22:59.200 align:start position:0% actually happened within the company and 00:22:59.200 --> 00:23:02.789 align:start position:0% actually happened within the company and be<00:22:59.360> able<00:22:59.520> to<00:23:00.640> discover<00:23:01.679> behind<00:23:02.320> what<00:23:02.559> the 00:23:02.789 --> 00:23:02.799 align:start position:0% be able to discover behind what the 00:23:02.799 --> 00:23:05.510 align:start position:0% be able to discover behind what the executives<00:23:03.600> mythologized<00:23:04.240> and<00:23:04.480> narrativized 00:23:05.510 --> 00:23:05.520 align:start position:0% executives mythologized and narrativized 00:23:05.520 --> 00:23:07.510 align:start position:0% executives mythologized and narrativized about<00:23:05.840> this<00:23:06.080> technology<00:23:07.305> [clears throat] 00:23:07.510 --> 00:23:07.520 align:start position:0% about this technology [clears throat] 00:23:07.520 --> 00:23:09.669 align:start position:0% about this technology [clears throat] and<00:23:07.840> about<00:23:08.080> the<00:23:08.320> course<00:23:08.559> of<00:23:08.799> this<00:23:08.960> company.<00:23:09.440> I 00:23:09.669 --> 00:23:09.679 align:start position:0% and about the course of this company. I 00:23:09.679 --> 00:23:11.510 align:start position:0% and about the course of this company. I would<00:23:09.760> be<00:23:09.840> able<00:23:10.080> to<00:23:10.320> actually<00:23:10.720> get<00:23:11.039> beneath 00:23:11.510 --> 00:23:11.520 align:start position:0% would be able to actually get beneath 00:23:11.520 --> 00:23:13.669 align:start position:0% would be able to actually get beneath that<00:23:11.840> to<00:23:12.080> the<00:23:12.240> real<00:23:12.400> heart<00:23:12.640> of<00:23:12.720> the<00:23:12.880> matter. 00:23:13.669 --> 00:23:13.679 align:start position:0% that to the real heart of the matter. 00:23:13.679 --> 00:23:16.470 align:start position:0% that to the real heart of the matter. And<00:23:13.919> so<00:23:14.960> um<00:23:15.600> one<00:23:15.760> of<00:23:15.840> the<00:23:16.000> things<00:23:16.159> that<00:23:16.320> you 00:23:16.470 --> 00:23:16.480 align:start position:0% And so um one of the things that you 00:23:16.480 --> 00:23:18.950 align:start position:0% And so um one of the things that you really<00:23:16.640> have<00:23:16.799> to<00:23:16.960> understand<00:23:17.760> about<00:23:18.559> AI 00:23:18.950 --> 00:23:18.960 align:start position:0% really have to understand about AI 00:23:18.960 --> 00:23:21.750 align:start position:0% really have to understand about AI development<00:23:19.440> today<00:23:20.320> is<00:23:20.559> that<00:23:21.039> there<00:23:21.360> are<00:23:21.520> what 00:23:21.750 --> 00:23:21.760 align:start position:0% development today is that there are what 00:23:21.760 --> 00:23:24.230 align:start position:0% development today is that there are what I<00:23:22.000> call<00:23:22.559> quasi<00:23:23.120> religious<00:23:23.600> movements<00:23:24.000> that 00:23:24.230 --> 00:23:24.240 align:start position:0% I call quasi religious movements that 00:23:24.240 --> 00:23:26.710 align:start position:0% I call quasi religious movements that have<00:23:24.400> developed<00:23:24.720> within<00:23:25.120> Silicon<00:23:25.520> Valley. 00:23:26.710 --> 00:23:26.720 align:start position:0% have developed within Silicon Valley. 00:23:26.720 --> 00:23:29.190 align:start position:0% have developed within Silicon Valley. The<00:23:27.039> concept<00:23:27.600> of<00:23:27.919> artificial<00:23:28.640> general 00:23:29.190 --> 00:23:29.200 align:start position:0% The concept of artificial general 00:23:29.200 --> 00:23:31.590 align:start position:0% The concept of artificial general intelligence<00:23:30.400> is<00:23:30.720> not<00:23:30.960> one<00:23:31.280> that's 00:23:31.590 --> 00:23:31.600 align:start position:0% intelligence is not one that's 00:23:31.600 --> 00:23:34.390 align:start position:0% intelligence is not one that's scientifically<00:23:32.640> grounded.<00:23:33.520> It<00:23:33.760> is<00:23:33.840> this<00:23:34.080> idea 00:23:34.390 --> 00:23:34.400 align:start position:0% scientifically grounded. It is this idea 00:23:34.400 --> 00:23:36.470 align:start position:0% scientifically grounded. It is this idea that<00:23:34.720> we<00:23:34.960> can<00:23:35.120> fundamentally<00:23:35.679> recreate<00:23:36.159> human 00:23:36.470 --> 00:23:36.480 align:start position:0% that we can fundamentally recreate human 00:23:36.480 --> 00:23:38.230 align:start position:0% that we can fundamentally recreate human intelligence<00:23:36.960> in<00:23:37.200> computers.<00:23:37.600> And<00:23:37.760> this<00:23:38.000> idea 00:23:38.230 --> 00:23:38.240 align:start position:0% intelligence in computers. And this idea 00:23:38.240 --> 00:23:40.149 align:start position:0% intelligence in computers. And this idea has<00:23:38.559> been<00:23:38.799> around<00:23:39.200> for<00:23:39.520> actually<00:23:39.760> a<00:23:39.919> really 00:23:40.149 --> 00:23:40.159 align:start position:0% has been around for actually a really 00:23:40.159 --> 00:23:42.390 align:start position:0% has been around for actually a really long<00:23:40.320> time.<00:23:40.720> The<00:23:40.960> field<00:23:41.200> of<00:23:41.360> AI<00:23:41.840> was<00:23:42.000> founded 00:23:42.390 --> 00:23:42.400 align:start position:0% long time. The field of AI was founded 00:23:42.400 --> 00:23:45.350 align:start position:0% long time. The field of AI was founded all<00:23:42.640> the<00:23:42.720> way<00:23:42.880> back<00:23:43.280> in<00:23:43.520> the<00:23:43.679> 1950s<00:23:44.559> and<00:23:45.039> that 00:23:45.350 --> 00:23:45.360 align:start position:0% all the way back in the 1950s and that 00:23:45.360 --> 00:23:46.630 align:start position:0% all the way back in the 1950s and that was<00:23:45.440> the<00:23:45.600> original<00:23:45.840> intent<00:23:46.080> of<00:23:46.240> the<00:23:46.320> field. 00:23:46.630 --> 00:23:46.640 align:start position:0% was the original intent of the field. 00:23:46.640 --> 00:23:48.310 align:start position:0% was the original intent of the field. How<00:23:46.720> do<00:23:46.880> we<00:23:46.960> recreate<00:23:47.440> intelligence<00:23:48.080> in 00:23:48.310 --> 00:23:48.320 align:start position:0% How do we recreate intelligence in 00:23:48.320 --> 00:23:50.070 align:start position:0% How do we recreate intelligence in computers?<00:23:48.799> Can<00:23:49.039> machines<00:23:49.440> think?<00:23:49.840> That<00:23:50.000> was 00:23:50.070 --> 00:23:50.080 align:start position:0% computers? Can machines think? That was 00:23:50.080 --> 00:23:51.750 align:start position:0% computers? Can machines think? That was the<00:23:50.320> famous<00:23:50.640> question<00:23:51.200> that<00:23:51.520> British 00:23:51.750 --> 00:23:51.760 align:start position:0% the famous question that British 00:23:51.760 --> 00:23:55.510 align:start position:0% the famous question that British mathematician<00:23:52.320> Alan<00:23:52.640> Turing<00:23:53.039> asked.<00:23:53.919> But<00:23:55.039> we 00:23:55.510 --> 00:23:55.520 align:start position:0% mathematician Alan Turing asked. But we 00:23:55.520 --> 00:23:58.149 align:start position:0% mathematician Alan Turing asked. But we to<00:23:55.840> this<00:23:56.080> day<00:23:56.880> do<00:23:57.200> not<00:23:57.360> have<00:23:57.600> scientific 00:23:58.149 --> 00:23:58.159 align:start position:0% to this day do not have scientific 00:23:58.159 --> 00:23:59.830 align:start position:0% to this day do not have scientific consensus<00:23:58.640> around<00:23:59.039> even<00:23:59.280> what<00:23:59.520> human 00:23:59.830 --> 00:23:59.840 align:start position:0% consensus around even what human 00:23:59.840 --> 00:24:03.270 align:start position:0% consensus around even what human intelligence<00:24:00.720> is.<00:24:01.520> And<00:24:01.760> so<00:24:02.000> to<00:24:02.240> peg<00:24:02.559> an<00:24:02.799> entire 00:24:03.270 --> 00:24:03.280 align:start position:0% intelligence is. And so to peg an entire 00:24:03.280 --> 00:24:05.830 align:start position:0% intelligence is. And so to peg an entire research<00:24:03.600> field<00:24:03.840> and<00:24:04.000> a<00:24:04.240> technology<00:24:05.360> to<00:24:05.679> the 00:24:05.830 --> 00:24:05.840 align:start position:0% research field and a technology to the 00:24:05.840 --> 00:24:07.990 align:start position:0% research field and a technology to the basis<00:24:06.240> of<00:24:06.559> human<00:24:06.880> intelligence<00:24:07.440> is<00:24:07.600> a<00:24:07.760> very 00:24:07.990 --> 00:24:08.000 align:start position:0% basis of human intelligence is a very 00:24:08.000 --> 00:24:09.909 align:start position:0% basis of human intelligence is a very tricky<00:24:08.240> endeavor<00:24:08.799> because<00:24:09.360> there<00:24:09.600> are<00:24:09.760> no 00:24:09.909 --> 00:24:09.919 align:start position:0% tricky endeavor because there are no 00:24:09.919 --> 00:24:12.630 align:start position:0% tricky endeavor because there are no good<00:24:10.159> metrics<00:24:10.799> to<00:24:11.200> assess<00:24:11.840> have<00:24:12.000> we<00:24:12.240> actually 00:24:12.630 --> 00:24:12.640 align:start position:0% good metrics to assess have we actually 00:24:12.640 --> 00:24:14.710 align:start position:0% good metrics to assess have we actually gotten<00:24:13.039> there<00:24:13.600> yet<00:24:13.919> and<00:24:14.159> there's<00:24:14.480> no 00:24:14.710 --> 00:24:14.720 align:start position:0% gotten there yet and there's no 00:24:14.720 --> 00:24:17.590 align:start position:0% gotten there yet and there's no blueprint<00:24:15.520> to<00:24:15.840> say<00:24:16.159> what<00:24:16.400> should<00:24:16.640> AI<00:24:17.360> look 00:24:17.590 --> 00:24:17.600 align:start position:0% blueprint to say what should AI look 00:24:17.600 --> 00:24:19.350 align:start position:0% blueprint to say what should AI look like<00:24:17.840> and<00:24:18.159> how<00:24:18.400> should<00:24:18.559> it<00:24:18.799> work<00:24:19.039> and 00:24:19.350 --> 00:24:19.360 align:start position:0% like and how should it work and 00:24:19.360 --> 00:24:22.149 align:start position:0% like and how should it work and ultimately<00:24:19.840> who<00:24:20.080> should<00:24:20.320> it<00:24:20.559> serve.<00:24:21.520> And<00:24:21.760> so 00:24:22.149 --> 00:24:22.159 align:start position:0% ultimately who should it serve. And so 00:24:22.159 --> 00:24:24.789 align:start position:0% ultimately who should it serve. And so when<00:24:22.559> OpenAI<00:24:23.520> took<00:24:23.840> up<00:24:24.000> this<00:24:24.240> mission<00:24:24.559> of 00:24:24.789 --> 00:24:24.799 align:start position:0% when OpenAI took up this mission of 00:24:24.799 --> 00:24:26.789 align:start position:0% when OpenAI took up this mission of artificial<00:24:25.279> general<00:24:25.600> intelligence,<00:24:26.480> they 00:24:26.789 --> 00:24:26.799 align:start position:0% artificial general intelligence, they 00:24:26.799 --> 00:24:29.430 align:start position:0% artificial general intelligence, they were<00:24:26.960> able<00:24:27.200> to<00:24:27.679> essentially<00:24:28.080> shape<00:24:28.400> and<00:24:28.640> mold 00:24:29.430 --> 00:24:29.440 align:start position:0% were able to essentially shape and mold 00:24:29.440 --> 00:24:31.830 align:start position:0% were able to essentially shape and mold what<00:24:29.760> they<00:24:30.000> wanted<00:24:30.320> this<00:24:30.799> technology<00:24:31.279> to<00:24:31.520> be 00:24:31.830 --> 00:24:31.840 align:start position:0% what they wanted this technology to be 00:24:31.840 --> 00:24:33.990 align:start position:0% what they wanted this technology to be based<00:24:32.080> on<00:24:32.400> what<00:24:32.720> is<00:24:33.039> most<00:24:33.279> convenient<00:24:33.760> for 00:24:33.990 --> 00:24:34.000 align:start position:0% based on what is most convenient for 00:24:34.000 --> 00:24:36.630 align:start position:0% based on what is most convenient for them.<00:24:34.640> But<00:24:34.880> when<00:24:35.039> they<00:24:35.440> identified<00:24:35.760> it,<00:24:36.480> it 00:24:36.630 --> 00:24:36.640 align:start position:0% them. But when they identified it, it 00:24:36.640 --> 00:24:38.390 align:start position:0% them. But when they identified it, it was<00:24:36.799> at<00:24:36.960> a<00:24:37.120> time<00:24:37.279> when<00:24:37.520> scientists<00:24:38.080> really 00:24:38.390 --> 00:24:38.400 align:start position:0% was at a time when scientists really 00:24:38.400 --> 00:24:41.909 align:start position:0% was at a time when scientists really looked<00:24:38.640> down<00:24:38.960> on<00:24:39.200> this<00:24:39.440> term<00:24:39.840> even<00:24:40.400> AGI.<00:24:41.679> And 00:24:41.909 --> 00:24:41.919 align:start position:0% looked down on this term even AGI. And 00:24:41.919 --> 00:24:45.269 align:start position:0% looked down on this term even AGI. And so<00:24:42.240> they<00:24:42.799> absorbed<00:24:43.600> just<00:24:43.919> a<00:24:44.159> small<00:24:44.559> group<00:24:44.880> of 00:24:45.269 --> 00:24:45.279 align:start position:0% so they absorbed just a small group of 00:24:45.279 --> 00:24:48.549 align:start position:0% so they absorbed just a small group of self-identified<00:24:46.400> AGI<00:24:47.279> believers.<00:24:48.240> This<00:24:48.480> is 00:24:48.549 --> 00:24:48.559 align:start position:0% self-identified AGI believers. This is 00:24:48.559 --> 00:24:50.549 align:start position:0% self-identified AGI believers. This is why<00:24:48.640> I<00:24:48.799> call<00:24:48.880> it<00:24:49.120> quasi<00:24:49.520> religious<00:24:50.320> because 00:24:50.549 --> 00:24:50.559 align:start position:0% why I call it quasi religious because 00:24:50.559 --> 00:24:52.149 align:start position:0% why I call it quasi religious because there's<00:24:50.799> no<00:24:51.039> scientific<00:24:51.440> evidence<00:24:51.679> that<00:24:51.919> we 00:24:52.149 --> 00:24:52.159 align:start position:0% there's no scientific evidence that we 00:24:52.159 --> 00:24:54.710 align:start position:0% there's no scientific evidence that we can<00:24:52.320> actually<00:24:52.640> develop<00:24:53.039> AGI.<00:24:53.919> The<00:24:54.159> people<00:24:54.400> who 00:24:54.710 --> 00:24:54.720 align:start position:0% can actually develop AGI. The people who 00:24:54.720 --> 00:24:56.789 align:start position:0% can actually develop AGI. The people who are<00:24:54.960> strongly<00:24:55.600> con<00:24:56.080> have<00:24:56.320> this<00:24:56.559> strong 00:24:56.789 --> 00:24:56.799 align:start position:0% are strongly con have this strong 00:24:56.799 --> 00:24:59.269 align:start position:0% are strongly con have this strong conviction<00:24:57.600> that<00:24:57.919> they<00:24:58.400> will<00:24:58.640> do<00:24:58.799> it<00:24:58.960> and<00:24:59.120> that 00:24:59.269 --> 00:24:59.279 align:start position:0% conviction that they will do it and that 00:24:59.279 --> 00:25:01.510 align:start position:0% conviction that they will do it and that it's<00:24:59.520> going<00:24:59.600> to<00:24:59.760> happen<00:25:00.080> soon.<00:25:00.799> It<00:25:01.039> is<00:25:01.200> just 00:25:01.510 --> 00:25:01.520 align:start position:0% it's going to happen soon. It is just 00:25:01.520 --> 00:25:03.110 align:start position:0% it's going to happen soon. It is just purely<00:25:01.919> based<00:25:02.080> on<00:25:02.240> belief<00:25:02.559> and<00:25:02.799> they<00:25:02.960> talk 00:25:03.110 --> 00:25:03.120 align:start position:0% purely based on belief and they talk 00:25:03.120 --> 00:25:05.269 align:start position:0% purely based on belief and they talk about<00:25:03.279> it<00:25:03.440> as<00:25:03.600> a<00:25:03.760> belief<00:25:04.080> too.<00:25:04.720> But<00:25:04.960> there<00:25:05.120> are 00:25:05.269 --> 00:25:05.279 align:start position:0% about it as a belief too. But there are 00:25:05.279 --> 00:25:07.430 align:start position:0% about it as a belief too. But there are two<00:25:05.600> factions<00:25:06.159> within<00:25:06.559> this<00:25:06.880> belief<00:25:07.200> system 00:25:07.430 --> 00:25:07.440 align:start position:0% two factions within this belief system 00:25:07.440 --> 00:25:09.669 align:start position:0% two factions within this belief system of<00:25:07.679> the<00:25:07.840> AGI<00:25:08.400> religion.<00:25:09.200> There<00:25:09.360> are<00:25:09.520> people 00:25:09.669 --> 00:25:09.679 align:start position:0% of the AGI religion. There are people 00:25:09.679 --> 00:25:11.909 align:start position:0% of the AGI religion. There are people who<00:25:09.919> think<00:25:10.159> AGI<00:25:10.960> is<00:25:11.200> going<00:25:11.360> to<00:25:11.440> bring<00:25:11.600> us<00:25:11.760> to 00:25:11.909 --> 00:25:11.919 align:start position:0% who think AGI is going to bring us to 00:25:11.919 --> 00:25:13.909 align:start position:0% who think AGI is going to bring us to utopia<00:25:12.799> and<00:25:13.039> there<00:25:13.200> are<00:25:13.279> people<00:25:13.440> who<00:25:13.679> think 00:25:13.909 --> 00:25:13.919 align:start position:0% utopia and there are people who think 00:25:13.919 --> 00:25:16.789 align:start position:0% utopia and there are people who think AGI<00:25:14.480> is<00:25:14.720> going<00:25:14.799> to<00:25:14.960> destroy<00:25:15.440> all<00:25:15.679> of<00:25:15.840> humanity. 00:25:16.789 --> 00:25:16.799 align:start position:0% AGI is going to destroy all of humanity. 00:25:16.799 --> 00:25:18.710 align:start position:0% AGI is going to destroy all of humanity. Both<00:25:17.120> of<00:25:17.279> them<00:25:17.760> believe<00:25:18.080> that<00:25:18.320> it<00:25:18.480> is 00:25:18.710 --> 00:25:18.720 align:start position:0% Both of them believe that it is 00:25:18.720 --> 00:25:20.549 align:start position:0% Both of them believe that it is possible.<00:25:19.039> It's<00:25:19.279> coming<00:25:19.520> soon.<00:25:20.320> And 00:25:20.549 --> 00:25:20.559 align:start position:0% possible. It's coming soon. And 00:25:20.559 --> 00:25:23.350 align:start position:0% possible. It's coming soon. And therefore<00:25:21.039> they<00:25:21.279> conclude<00:25:22.159> that<00:25:22.559> they<00:25:23.200> need 00:25:23.350 --> 00:25:23.360 align:start position:0% therefore they conclude that they need 00:25:23.360 --> 00:25:25.430 align:start position:0% therefore they conclude that they need to<00:25:23.520> be<00:25:23.600> the<00:25:23.840> ones<00:25:24.080> to<00:25:24.320> control<00:25:24.640> the<00:25:24.960> technology 00:25:25.430 --> 00:25:25.440 align:start position:0% to be the ones to control the technology 00:25:25.440 --> 00:25:27.510 align:start position:0% to be the ones to control the technology and<00:25:25.679> not<00:25:25.840> democratize<00:25:26.480> it.<00:25:26.960> And<00:25:27.120> this<00:25:27.279> is 00:25:27.510 --> 00:25:27.520 align:start position:0% and not democratize it. And this is 00:25:27.520 --> 00:25:29.510 align:start position:0% and not democratize it. And this is ultimately<00:25:27.760> what<00:25:28.000> leads<00:25:28.320> to<00:25:28.400> your<00:25:28.799> question 00:25:29.510 --> 00:25:29.520 align:start position:0% ultimately what leads to your question 00:25:29.520 --> 00:25:31.669 align:start position:0% ultimately what leads to your question of<00:25:30.159> what<00:25:30.480> happened<00:25:30.720> when<00:25:30.960> Sam<00:25:31.200> Alman<00:25:31.520> was 00:25:31.669 --> 00:25:31.679 align:start position:0% of what happened when Sam Alman was 00:25:31.679 --> 00:25:33.750 align:start position:0% of what happened when Sam Alman was fired<00:25:31.919> and<00:25:32.080> rehired<00:25:32.960> through<00:25:33.279> the<00:25:33.440> history<00:25:33.600> of 00:25:33.750 --> 00:25:33.760 align:start position:0% fired and rehired through the history of 00:25:33.760 --> 00:25:36.070 align:start position:0% fired and rehired through the history of OpenAI.<00:25:34.400> There's<00:25:34.640> been<00:25:34.799> a<00:25:35.039> lot<00:25:35.120> of<00:25:35.279> clashing 00:25:36.070 --> 00:25:36.080 align:start position:0% OpenAI. There's been a lot of clashing 00:25:36.080 --> 00:25:37.750 align:start position:0% OpenAI. There's been a lot of clashing between<00:25:36.320> the<00:25:36.480> boomers<00:25:36.880> and<00:25:36.960> doomers<00:25:37.520> about 00:25:37.750 --> 00:25:37.760 align:start position:0% between the boomers and doomers about 00:25:37.760 --> 00:25:38.630 align:start position:0% between the boomers and doomers about who<00:25:38.080> should<00:25:38.320> actually 00:25:38.630 --> 00:25:38.640 align:start position:0% who should actually 00:25:38.640 --> 00:25:39.830 align:start position:0% who should actually >> the<00:25:38.799> boomers<00:25:39.200> and<00:25:39.360> doomers. 00:25:39.830 --> 00:25:39.840 align:start position:0% >> the boomers and doomers. 00:25:39.840 --> 00:25:42.310 align:start position:0% >> the boomers and doomers. >> The<00:25:40.000> boomers<00:25:40.480> and<00:25:40.640> the<00:25:40.799> doomers.<00:25:41.887> [laughter] 00:25:42.310 --> 00:25:42.320 align:start position:0% >> The boomers and the doomers. [laughter] 00:25:42.320 --> 00:25:43.669 align:start position:0% >> The boomers and the doomers. [laughter] >> Those<00:25:42.559> that<00:25:42.720> say<00:25:42.880> it'll<00:25:43.200> bring<00:25:43.360> us<00:25:43.520> the 00:25:43.669 --> 00:25:43.679 align:start position:0% >> Those that say it'll bring us the 00:25:43.679 --> 00:25:47.110 align:start position:0% >> Those that say it'll bring us the apocalypse.<00:25:44.320> topia<00:25:45.039> boomers<00:25:46.080> and<00:25:46.400> those<00:25:46.640> that 00:25:47.110 --> 00:25:47.120 align:start position:0% apocalypse. topia boomers and those that 00:25:47.120 --> 00:25:49.830 align:start position:0% apocalypse. topia boomers and those that say<00:25:47.440> it'll<00:25:47.760> destroy<00:25:48.080> humanity.<00:25:48.480> The<00:25:48.640> doomers 00:25:49.830 --> 00:25:49.840 align:start position:0% say it'll destroy humanity. The doomers 00:25:49.840 --> 00:25:52.549 align:start position:0% say it'll destroy humanity. The doomers and<00:25:50.320> they<00:25:50.559> have<00:25:50.880> clashed<00:25:51.679> relentlessly<00:25:52.320> and 00:25:52.549 --> 00:25:52.559 align:start position:0% and they have clashed relentlessly and 00:25:52.559 --> 00:25:54.950 align:start position:0% and they have clashed relentlessly and aggressively<00:25:53.360> about<00:25:54.000> how<00:25:54.320> quickly<00:25:54.640> to<00:25:54.799> build 00:25:54.950 --> 00:25:54.960 align:start position:0% aggressively about how quickly to build 00:25:54.960 --> 00:25:56.630 align:start position:0% aggressively about how quickly to build the<00:25:55.200> technology,<00:25:55.679> how<00:25:55.840> quickly<00:25:56.159> to<00:25:56.320> release 00:25:56.630 --> 00:25:56.640 align:start position:0% the technology, how quickly to release 00:25:56.640 --> 00:26:00.870 align:start position:0% the technology, how quickly to release the<00:25:56.880> technology<00:25:58.080> and<00:25:58.640> ultimately<00:25:59.440> Altman<00:26:00.640> is 00:26:00.870 --> 00:26:00.880 align:start position:0% the technology and ultimately Altman is 00:26:00.880 --> 00:26:04.789 align:start position:0% the technology and ultimately Altman is one<00:26:01.679> that<00:26:02.720> he<00:26:02.960> is<00:26:03.279> really<00:26:03.600> good<00:26:03.919> at<00:26:04.320> saying<00:26:04.559> to 00:26:04.789 --> 00:26:04.799 align:start position:0% one that he is really good at saying to 00:26:04.799 --> 00:26:07.750 align:start position:0% one that he is really good at saying to people<00:26:04.960> what<00:26:05.200> they<00:26:05.440> need<00:26:05.520> to<00:26:05.679> hear<00:26:06.720> and<00:26:07.440> he 00:26:07.750 --> 00:26:07.760 align:start position:0% people what they need to hear and he 00:26:07.760 --> 00:26:09.430 align:start position:0% people what they need to hear and he will<00:26:08.000> say<00:26:08.320> different<00:26:08.640> things<00:26:08.880> to<00:26:09.200> different 00:26:09.430 --> 00:26:09.440 align:start position:0% will say different things to different 00:26:09.440 --> 00:26:10.950 align:start position:0% will say different things to different people<00:26:09.760> if<00:26:10.000> he<00:26:10.159> thinks<00:26:10.320> they<00:26:10.559> need<00:26:10.640> to<00:26:10.799> hear 00:26:10.950 --> 00:26:10.960 align:start position:0% people if he thinks they need to hear 00:26:10.960 --> 00:26:12.230 align:start position:0% people if he thinks they need to hear different<00:26:11.200> things.<00:26:11.440> So<00:26:11.600> when<00:26:11.760> I<00:26:11.919> asked 00:26:12.230 --> 00:26:12.240 align:start position:0% different things. So when I asked 00:26:12.240 --> 00:26:14.310 align:start position:0% different things. So when I asked boomers,<00:26:12.720> is<00:26:12.880> Altman<00:26:13.200> a<00:26:13.360> boomer?<00:26:13.760> They<00:26:14.000> said 00:26:14.310 --> 00:26:14.320 align:start position:0% boomers, is Altman a boomer? They said 00:26:14.320 --> 00:26:16.630 align:start position:0% boomers, is Altman a boomer? They said yes.<00:26:14.960> When<00:26:15.120> I<00:26:15.279> asked<00:26:15.520> doomers,<00:26:16.000> is<00:26:16.159> Altman<00:26:16.480> a 00:26:16.630 --> 00:26:16.640 align:start position:0% yes. When I asked doomers, is Altman a 00:26:16.640 --> 00:26:19.269 align:start position:0% yes. When I asked doomers, is Altman a doomer?<00:26:17.200> They<00:26:17.360> said<00:26:17.919> yes.<00:26:18.640> And<00:26:18.880> I<00:26:19.039> want<00:26:19.120> to 00:26:19.269 --> 00:26:19.279 align:start position:0% doomer? They said yes. And I want to 00:26:19.279 --> 00:26:23.510 align:start position:0% doomer? They said yes. And I want to take<00:26:19.600> this<00:26:20.080> up<00:26:20.400> until<00:26:21.039> today<00:26:21.600> to<00:26:22.720> um<00:26:23.200> in 00:26:23.510 --> 00:26:23.520 align:start position:0% take this up until today to um in 00:26:23.520 --> 00:26:25.269 align:start position:0% take this up until today to um in January,<00:26:24.080> the<00:26:24.320> Trump<00:26:24.640> administration 00:26:25.269 --> 00:26:25.279 align:start position:0% January, the Trump administration 00:26:25.279 --> 00:26:28.789 align:start position:0% January, the Trump administration announcing<00:26:25.840> the<00:26:26.159> Stargate<00:26:26.960> project,<00:26:27.760> a<00:26:28.159> $500 00:26:28.789 --> 00:26:28.799 align:start position:0% announcing the Stargate project, a $500 00:26:28.799 --> 00:26:31.350 align:start position:0% announcing the Stargate project, a $500 billion<00:26:29.760> project<00:26:30.159> to<00:26:30.480> boost<00:26:30.880> AI 00:26:31.350 --> 00:26:31.360 align:start position:0% billion project to boost AI 00:26:31.360 --> 00:26:33.830 align:start position:0% billion project to boost AI infrastructure<00:26:32.159> in<00:26:32.400> the<00:26:32.640> United<00:26:32.960> States. 00:26:33.830 --> 00:26:33.840 align:start position:0% infrastructure in the United States. 00:26:33.840 --> 00:26:36.470 align:start position:0% infrastructure in the United States. This<00:26:34.080> is<00:26:34.320> Open<00:26:34.720> AI<00:26:35.120> Sam<00:26:35.360> Alman<00:26:36.000> speaking 00:26:36.470 --> 00:26:36.480 align:start position:0% This is Open AI Sam Alman speaking 00:26:36.480 --> 00:26:39.510 align:start position:0% This is Open AI Sam Alman speaking alongside<00:26:37.440> President<00:26:37.919> Trump. 00:26:39.510 --> 00:26:39.520 align:start position:0% alongside President Trump. 00:26:39.520 --> 00:26:41.190 align:start position:0% alongside President Trump. I<00:26:39.760> think<00:26:39.840> this<00:26:40.080> will<00:26:40.240> be<00:26:40.320> the<00:26:40.559> most<00:26:40.799> important 00:26:41.190 --> 00:26:41.200 align:start position:0% I think this will be the most important 00:26:41.200 --> 00:26:43.430 align:start position:0% I think this will be the most important project<00:26:41.600> of<00:26:41.840> this<00:26:42.159> era<00:26:42.400> and<00:26:42.640> as<00:26:42.799> Masa<00:26:43.120> said<00:26:43.279> for 00:26:43.430 --> 00:26:43.440 align:start position:0% project of this era and as Masa said for 00:26:43.440 --> 00:26:45.909 align:start position:0% project of this era and as Masa said for AGI<00:26:43.919> to<00:26:44.080> get<00:26:44.240> built<00:26:44.480> here<00:26:45.200> to<00:26:45.360> create<00:26:45.600> hundreds 00:26:45.909 --> 00:26:45.919 align:start position:0% AGI to get built here to create hundreds 00:26:45.919 --> 00:26:47.909 align:start position:0% AGI to get built here to create hundreds of<00:26:46.080> thousands<00:26:46.320> of<00:26:46.480> jobs<00:26:47.039> to<00:26:47.279> create<00:26:47.520> a<00:26:47.760> new 00:26:47.909 --> 00:26:47.919 align:start position:0% of thousands of jobs to create a new 00:26:47.919 --> 00:26:49.750 align:start position:0% of thousands of jobs to create a new industry<00:26:48.400> centered<00:26:48.720> here.<00:26:49.120> Uh<00:26:49.360> we<00:26:49.600> wouldn't 00:26:49.750 --> 00:26:49.760 align:start position:0% industry centered here. Uh we wouldn't 00:26:49.760 --> 00:26:51.029 align:start position:0% industry centered here. Uh we wouldn't be<00:26:49.840> able<00:26:50.000> to<00:26:50.080> do<00:26:50.159> this<00:26:50.320> without<00:26:50.480> you<00:26:50.720> Mr. 00:26:51.029 --> 00:26:51.039 align:start position:0% be able to do this without you Mr. 00:26:51.039 --> 00:26:51.830 align:start position:0% be able to do this without you Mr. President. 00:26:51.830 --> 00:26:51.840 align:start position:0% President. 00:26:51.840 --> 00:26:55.990 align:start position:0% President. >> He<00:26:52.159> also<00:26:52.559> there<00:26:52.880> referred<00:26:53.200> to<00:26:53.440> AGI<00:26:54.640> um<00:26:55.440> uh 00:26:55.990 --> 00:26:56.000 align:start position:0% >> He also there referred to AGI um uh 00:26:56.000 --> 00:26:58.950 align:start position:0% >> He also there referred to AGI um uh artificial<00:26:56.720> general<00:26:57.200> intelligence.<00:26:58.320> Explain 00:26:58.950 --> 00:26:58.960 align:start position:0% artificial general intelligence. Explain 00:26:58.960 --> 00:27:01.669 align:start position:0% artificial general intelligence. Explain what<00:26:59.360> happened<00:26:59.679> here<00:27:00.000> and<00:27:00.400> what<00:27:00.720> this<00:27:01.039> is<00:27:01.360> and 00:27:01.669 --> 00:27:01.679 align:start position:0% what happened here and what this is and 00:27:01.679 --> 00:27:05.909 align:start position:0% what happened here and what this is and has<00:27:01.919> it<00:27:02.240> actually<00:27:02.799> happened.<00:27:03.919> So<00:27:04.559> Altman 00:27:05.909 --> 00:27:05.919 align:start position:0% has it actually happened. So Altman 00:27:05.919 --> 00:27:08.630 align:start position:0% has it actually happened. So Altman before<00:27:06.400> Trump<00:27:06.720> was<00:27:07.120> elected 00:27:08.630 --> 00:27:08.640 align:start position:0% before Trump was elected 00:27:08.640 --> 00:27:12.230 align:start position:0% before Trump was elected um<00:27:08.960> he<00:27:09.200> already<00:27:09.919> was<00:27:10.240> sensing<00:27:10.799> through 00:27:12.230 --> 00:27:12.240 align:start position:0% um he already was sensing through 00:27:12.240 --> 00:27:14.070 align:start position:0% um he already was sensing through observation<00:27:12.880> that<00:27:13.200> it<00:27:13.440> was<00:27:13.600> possible<00:27:13.840> that 00:27:14.070 --> 00:27:14.080 align:start position:0% observation that it was possible that 00:27:14.080 --> 00:27:15.909 align:start position:0% observation that it was possible that the<00:27:14.240> administration<00:27:14.720> would<00:27:14.960> shift<00:27:15.440> and<00:27:15.679> that 00:27:15.909 --> 00:27:15.919 align:start position:0% the administration would shift and that 00:27:15.919 --> 00:27:17.830 align:start position:0% the administration would shift and that he<00:27:16.159> would<00:27:16.320> need<00:27:16.559> to<00:27:16.720> start<00:27:17.039> politicking<00:27:17.600> quite 00:27:17.830 --> 00:27:17.840 align:start position:0% he would need to start politicking quite 00:27:17.840 --> 00:27:21.269 align:start position:0% he would need to start politicking quite heavily<00:27:18.240> to<00:27:18.799> ingruiate<00:27:19.440> himself<00:27:20.159> to<00:27:20.720> a<00:27:20.960> new 00:27:21.269 --> 00:27:21.279 align:start position:0% heavily to ingruiate himself to a new 00:27:21.279 --> 00:27:23.750 align:start position:0% heavily to ingruiate himself to a new administration. 00:27:23.750 --> 00:27:23.760 align:start position:0% administration. 00:27:23.760 --> 00:27:26.390 align:start position:0% administration. Alman<00:27:24.080> is<00:27:24.320> very<00:27:24.559> strategic.<00:27:25.360> Um<00:27:25.760> he<00:27:26.000> was<00:27:26.159> under 00:27:26.390 --> 00:27:26.400 align:start position:0% Alman is very strategic. Um he was under 00:27:26.400 --> 00:27:28.070 align:start position:0% Alman is very strategic. Um he was under a<00:27:26.559> lot<00:27:26.720> of<00:27:26.799> pressure<00:27:27.039> at<00:27:27.279> the<00:27:27.440> time<00:27:27.520> as<00:27:27.760> well 00:27:28.070 --> 00:27:28.080 align:start position:0% a lot of pressure at the time as well 00:27:28.080 --> 00:27:30.470 align:start position:0% a lot of pressure at the time as well because<00:27:28.960> his<00:27:29.360> original<00:27:29.679> co-founder<00:27:30.159> Elon 00:27:30.470 --> 00:27:30.480 align:start position:0% because his original co-founder Elon 00:27:30.480 --> 00:27:33.029 align:start position:0% because his original co-founder Elon Musk<00:27:30.880> now<00:27:31.120> has<00:27:31.440> great<00:27:31.760> beef<00:27:32.080> with<00:27:32.320> him.<00:27:32.720> Uh 00:27:33.029 --> 00:27:33.039 align:start position:0% Musk now has great beef with him. Uh 00:27:33.039 --> 00:27:35.590 align:start position:0% Musk now has great beef with him. Uh Musk<00:27:33.440> feels<00:27:33.679> like<00:27:33.840> Alman<00:27:34.400> used<00:27:34.720> his<00:27:35.039> name<00:27:35.360> and 00:27:35.590 --> 00:27:35.600 align:start position:0% Musk feels like Alman used his name and 00:27:35.600 --> 00:27:38.230 align:start position:0% Musk feels like Alman used his name and his<00:27:35.840> money<00:27:36.159> to<00:27:36.559> set<00:27:36.720> up<00:27:36.880> OpenAI<00:27:37.679> and<00:27:37.919> then<00:27:38.080> he 00:27:38.230 --> 00:27:38.240 align:start position:0% his money to set up OpenAI and then he 00:27:38.240 --> 00:27:40.549 align:start position:0% his money to set up OpenAI and then he got<00:27:38.400> nothing<00:27:38.640> in<00:27:38.880> return.<00:27:39.520> So<00:27:39.760> Musk<00:27:40.080> had<00:27:40.400> been 00:27:40.549 --> 00:27:40.559 align:start position:0% got nothing in return. So Musk had been 00:27:40.559 --> 00:27:43.830 align:start position:0% got nothing in return. So Musk had been suing<00:27:40.960> him,<00:27:41.840> still<00:27:42.159> suing<00:27:42.480> him<00:27:43.039> and<00:27:43.360> suddenly 00:27:43.830 --> 00:27:43.840 align:start position:0% suing him, still suing him and suddenly 00:27:43.840 --> 00:27:46.070 align:start position:0% suing him, still suing him and suddenly became<00:27:44.240> first<00:27:44.559> buddy<00:27:45.360> of<00:27:45.600> the<00:27:45.760> Trump 00:27:46.070 --> 00:27:46.080 align:start position:0% became first buddy of the Trump 00:27:46.080 --> 00:27:48.870 align:start position:0% became first buddy of the Trump administration.<00:27:47.120> So<00:27:47.360> Altman<00:27:48.240> basically 00:27:48.870 --> 00:27:48.880 align:start position:0% administration. So Altman basically 00:27:48.880 --> 00:27:51.590 align:start position:0% administration. So Altman basically cleverly<00:27:49.520> orchestrated 00:27:51.590 --> 00:27:51.600 align:start position:0% cleverly orchestrated 00:27:51.600 --> 00:27:54.789 align:start position:0% cleverly orchestrated a<00:27:52.559> um<00:27:53.200> this<00:27:53.520> announcement<00:27:54.080> where<00:27:54.399> by<00:27:54.559> the<00:27:54.640> way 00:27:54.789 --> 00:27:54.799 align:start position:0% a um this announcement where by the way 00:27:54.799 --> 00:27:56.549 align:start position:0% a um this announcement where by the way the<00:27:55.039> the<00:27:55.520> announcement<00:27:55.840> is<00:27:56.000> quite<00:27:56.240> strange 00:27:56.549 --> 00:27:56.559 align:start position:0% the the announcement is quite strange 00:27:56.559 --> 00:27:59.029 align:start position:0% the the announcement is quite strange because<00:27:57.120> the<00:27:57.440> Trump<00:27:58.000> President<00:27:58.320> Trump<00:27:58.559> is<00:27:58.799> not 00:27:59.029 --> 00:27:59.039 align:start position:0% because the Trump President Trump is not 00:27:59.039 --> 00:28:01.590 align:start position:0% because the Trump President Trump is not it's<00:27:59.279> not<00:27:59.840> the<00:28:00.159> US<00:28:00.480> government<00:28:00.880> giving<00:28:01.200> $500 00:28:01.590 --> 00:28:01.600 align:start position:0% it's not the US government giving $500 00:28:01.600 --> 00:28:03.590 align:start position:0% it's not the US government giving $500 billion.<00:28:02.080> It's<00:28:02.399> private<00:28:02.799> investment<00:28:03.360> coming 00:28:03.590 --> 00:28:03.600 align:start position:0% billion. It's private investment coming 00:28:03.600 --> 00:28:07.350 align:start position:0% billion. It's private investment coming into<00:28:03.840> the<00:28:04.080> US<00:28:05.120> um<00:28:05.520> from<00:28:06.480> places<00:28:06.720> like<00:28:07.039> Soft 00:28:07.350 --> 00:28:07.360 align:start position:0% into the US um from places like Soft 00:28:07.360 --> 00:28:08.549 align:start position:0% into the US um from places like Soft Bank 00:28:08.549 --> 00:28:08.559 align:start position:0% Bank 00:28:08.559 --> 00:28:09.350 align:start position:0% Bank >> which<00:28:08.799> is 00:28:09.350 --> 00:28:09.360 align:start position:0% >> which is 00:28:09.360 --> 00:28:11.029 align:start position:0% >> which is >> uh<00:28:09.520> which<00:28:09.760> is<00:28:09.919> one<00:28:10.159> of<00:28:10.240> the<00:28:10.480> largest 00:28:11.029 --> 00:28:11.039 align:start position:0% >> uh which is one of the largest 00:28:11.039 --> 00:28:13.830 align:start position:0% >> uh which is one of the largest investment<00:28:11.440> funds<00:28:12.159> um<00:28:12.640> run<00:28:12.880> by<00:28:13.120> Masay<00:28:13.520> Yoshi 00:28:13.830 --> 00:28:13.840 align:start position:0% investment funds um run by Masay Yoshi 00:28:13.840 --> 00:28:16.870 align:start position:0% investment funds um run by Masay Yoshi Son<00:28:14.159> a<00:28:14.399> Japanese<00:28:14.880> businessman<00:28:15.679> who<00:28:16.399> made<00:28:16.640> a 00:28:16.870 --> 00:28:16.880 align:start position:0% Son a Japanese businessman who made a 00:28:16.880 --> 00:28:18.389 align:start position:0% Son a Japanese businessman who made a lot<00:28:16.960> of<00:28:17.039> his<00:28:17.200> wealth<00:28:17.360> from<00:28:17.600> the<00:28:17.760> previous<00:28:18.000> tech 00:28:18.389 --> 00:28:18.399 align:start position:0% lot of his wealth from the previous tech 00:28:18.399 --> 00:28:20.710 align:start position:0% lot of his wealth from the previous tech era.<00:28:18.960> So,<00:28:19.200> so<00:28:19.440> it's<00:28:19.760> not<00:28:19.919> even<00:28:20.080> the<00:28:20.399> US 00:28:20.710 --> 00:28:20.720 align:start position:0% era. So, so it's not even the US 00:28:20.720 --> 00:28:22.230 align:start position:0% era. So, so it's not even the US government<00:28:21.039> that's<00:28:21.360> that's<00:28:21.679> providing<00:28:22.000> this 00:28:22.230 --> 00:28:22.240 align:start position:0% government that's that's providing this 00:28:22.240 --> 00:28:22.789 align:start position:0% government that's that's providing this money. 00:28:22.789 --> 00:28:22.799 align:start position:0% money. 00:28:22.799 --> 00:28:25.190 align:start position:0% money. >> And<00:28:23.039> take<00:28:23.279> that<00:28:23.520> right<00:28:23.760> through<00:28:24.000> to<00:28:24.240> now<00:28:24.799> that 00:28:25.190 --> 00:28:25.200 align:start position:0% >> And take that right through to now that 00:28:25.200 --> 00:28:29.350 align:start position:0% >> And take that right through to now that Gulf<00:28:25.679> trip<00:28:26.240> that<00:28:26.799> um<00:28:26.960> Elon<00:28:27.440> Musk<00:28:27.760> was<00:28:28.000> on,<00:28:28.960> but 00:28:29.350 --> 00:28:29.360 align:start position:0% Gulf trip that um Elon Musk was on, but 00:28:29.360 --> 00:28:33.510 align:start position:0% Gulf trip that um Elon Musk was on, but so<00:28:29.679> was<00:28:30.000> Sam<00:28:30.480> Alman<00:28:31.120> to<00:28:31.440> the<00:28:31.840> fury<00:28:32.480> of<00:28:33.120> Elon 00:28:33.510 --> 00:28:33.520 align:start position:0% so was Sam Alman to the fury of Elon 00:28:33.520 --> 00:28:36.870 align:start position:0% so was Sam Alman to the fury of Elon Musk<00:28:34.000> and<00:28:34.240> then<00:28:34.559> a<00:28:34.799> deal<00:28:35.200> was<00:28:35.520> sealed<00:28:36.080> in<00:28:36.480> Abu 00:28:36.870 --> 00:28:36.880 align:start position:0% Musk and then a deal was sealed in Abu 00:28:36.880 --> 00:28:37.590 align:start position:0% Musk and then a deal was sealed in Abu Dhabi. 00:28:37.590 --> 00:28:37.600 align:start position:0% Dhabi. 00:28:37.600 --> 00:28:38.149 align:start position:0% Dhabi. >> Yeah. 00:28:38.149 --> 00:28:38.159 align:start position:0% >> Yeah. 00:28:38.159 --> 00:28:40.710 align:start position:0% >> Yeah. >> It<00:28:38.320> didn't<00:28:38.640> include<00:28:39.120> Elon<00:28:39.520> Musk<00:28:40.000> but<00:28:40.399> was 00:28:40.710 --> 00:28:40.720 align:start position:0% >> It didn't include Elon Musk but was 00:28:40.720 --> 00:28:42.310 align:start position:0% >> It didn't include Elon Musk but was about<00:28:41.039> open<00:28:41.360> AI. 00:28:42.310 --> 00:28:42.320 align:start position:0% about open AI. 00:28:42.320 --> 00:28:45.190 align:start position:0% about open AI. >> Exactly.<00:28:42.880> So<00:28:43.279> Altman<00:28:43.840> has<00:28:44.159> continued<00:28:44.559> to<00:28:44.799> try 00:28:45.190 --> 00:28:45.200 align:start position:0% >> Exactly. So Altman has continued to try 00:28:45.200 --> 00:28:50.470 align:start position:0% >> Exactly. So Altman has continued to try and<00:28:46.320> use<00:28:46.720> the<00:28:47.039> US<00:28:47.360> government<00:28:47.840> as<00:28:48.159> a<00:28:48.320> way<00:28:48.559> to<00:28:49.520> to 00:28:50.470 --> 00:28:50.480 align:start position:0% and use the US government as a way to to 00:28:50.480 --> 00:28:53.990 align:start position:0% and use the US government as a way to to get<00:28:50.799> access<00:28:51.679> to<00:28:52.240> more<00:28:52.640> places<00:28:53.039> and<00:28:53.520> uh<00:28:53.679> more 00:28:53.990 --> 00:28:54.000 align:start position:0% get access to more places and uh more 00:28:54.000 --> 00:28:57.190 align:start position:0% get access to more places and uh more powerful<00:28:54.559> spaces<00:28:55.600> to<00:28:56.000> build<00:28:56.399> out<00:28:56.720> this 00:28:57.190 --> 00:28:57.200 align:start position:0% powerful spaces to build out this 00:28:57.200 --> 00:28:59.909 align:start position:0% powerful spaces to build out this empire.<00:28:58.000> And<00:28:58.240> one<00:28:58.480> of<00:28:58.559> the<00:28:58.799> one<00:28:58.960> of<00:28:59.039> the<00:28:59.279> things 00:28:59.909 --> 00:28:59.919 align:start position:0% empire. And one of the one of the things 00:28:59.919 --> 00:29:01.750 align:start position:0% empire. And one of the one of the things because<00:29:00.399> OpenAI's<00:29:01.279> computational 00:29:01.750 --> 00:29:01.760 align:start position:0% because OpenAI's computational 00:29:01.760 --> 00:29:04.789 align:start position:0% because OpenAI's computational infrastructure<00:29:02.399> needs<00:29:02.799> are<00:29:03.279> so<00:29:03.919> aggressive. 00:29:04.789 --> 00:29:04.799 align:start position:0% infrastructure needs are so aggressive. 00:29:04.799 --> 00:29:06.710 align:start position:0% infrastructure needs are so aggressive. You<00:29:04.880> know,<00:29:05.039> I<00:29:05.200> had<00:29:05.279> an<00:29:05.440> OpenAI<00:29:06.000> employee<00:29:06.559> tell 00:29:06.710 --> 00:29:06.720 align:start position:0% You know, I had an OpenAI employee tell 00:29:06.720 --> 00:29:09.510 align:start position:0% You know, I had an OpenAI employee tell me<00:29:07.039> we're<00:29:07.279> running<00:29:07.440> out<00:29:07.600> of<00:29:07.760> land<00:29:08.080> and<00:29:08.399> power. 00:29:09.510 --> 00:29:09.520 align:start position:0% me we're running out of land and power. 00:29:09.520 --> 00:29:11.669 align:start position:0% me we're running out of land and power. So<00:29:09.919> they<00:29:10.159> are<00:29:10.320> running<00:29:10.640> out<00:29:10.799> of<00:29:11.039> resources<00:29:11.520> in 00:29:11.669 --> 00:29:11.679 align:start position:0% So they are running out of resources in 00:29:11.679 --> 00:29:13.350 align:start position:0% So they are running out of resources in the<00:29:11.840> US<00:29:12.080> which<00:29:12.320> is<00:29:12.480> why<00:29:12.799> they're<00:29:13.039> trying<00:29:13.200> to 00:29:13.350 --> 00:29:13.360 align:start position:0% the US which is why they're trying to 00:29:13.360 --> 00:29:15.510 align:start position:0% the US which is why they're trying to get<00:29:13.600> access<00:29:13.919> to<00:29:14.159> land<00:29:14.399> and<00:29:14.720> energy<00:29:15.039> in<00:29:15.360> other 00:29:15.510 --> 00:29:15.520 align:start position:0% get access to land and energy in other 00:29:15.520 --> 00:29:17.750 align:start position:0% get access to land and energy in other places.<00:29:16.159> The<00:29:16.320> Middle<00:29:16.559> East<00:29:16.880> has<00:29:17.200> a<00:29:17.440> lot<00:29:17.600> of 00:29:17.750 --> 00:29:17.760 align:start position:0% places. The Middle East has a lot of 00:29:17.760 --> 00:29:19.669 align:start position:0% places. The Middle East has a lot of land<00:29:18.000> and<00:29:18.240> has<00:29:18.399> a<00:29:18.640> lot<00:29:18.720> of<00:29:18.799> energy<00:29:19.279> and<00:29:19.520> they're 00:29:19.669 --> 00:29:19.679 align:start position:0% land and has a lot of energy and they're 00:29:19.679 --> 00:29:22.070 align:start position:0% land and has a lot of energy and they're willing<00:29:19.919> to<00:29:20.080> strike<00:29:20.480> deals<00:29:21.200> and<00:29:21.440> that<00:29:21.679> is<00:29:21.760> why 00:29:22.070 --> 00:29:22.080 align:start position:0% willing to strike deals and that is why 00:29:22.080 --> 00:29:24.870 align:start position:0% willing to strike deals and that is why Altman<00:29:22.960> was<00:29:23.279> part<00:29:23.520> of<00:29:23.679> that<00:29:24.000> trip<00:29:24.480> looking<00:29:24.720> to 00:29:24.870 --> 00:29:24.880 align:start position:0% Altman was part of that trip looking to 00:29:24.880 --> 00:29:26.389 align:start position:0% Altman was part of that trip looking to strike<00:29:25.120> a<00:29:25.279> deal<00:29:25.520> and<00:29:25.679> what<00:29:25.840> they<00:29:26.080> the<00:29:26.240> deal 00:29:26.389 --> 00:29:26.399 align:start position:0% strike a deal and what they the deal 00:29:26.399 --> 00:29:29.430 align:start position:0% strike a deal and what they the deal that<00:29:26.640> they<00:29:26.799> struck<00:29:27.120> was<00:29:27.360> to<00:29:27.679> build<00:29:28.480> a<00:29:28.799> massive 00:29:29.430 --> 00:29:29.440 align:start position:0% that they struck was to build a massive 00:29:29.440 --> 00:29:32.870 align:start position:0% that they struck was to build a massive data<00:29:29.760> center<00:29:30.240> or<00:29:30.720> multiple<00:29:31.279> data<00:29:31.600> centers<00:29:32.480> in 00:29:32.870 --> 00:29:32.880 align:start position:0% data center or multiple data centers in 00:29:32.880 --> 00:29:35.350 align:start position:0% data center or multiple data centers in the<00:29:33.120> Middle<00:29:33.440> East<00:29:34.000> using<00:29:34.399> their<00:29:34.720> land<00:29:35.039> and 00:29:35.350 --> 00:29:35.360 align:start position:0% the Middle East using their land and 00:29:35.360 --> 00:29:37.909 align:start position:0% the Middle East using their land and their<00:29:35.679> energy.<00:29:36.559> But<00:29:37.200> one<00:29:37.440> of<00:29:37.440> the<00:29:37.600> things<00:29:37.679> that 00:29:37.909 --> 00:29:37.919 align:start position:0% their energy. But one of the things that 00:29:37.919 --> 00:29:39.590 align:start position:0% their energy. But one of the things that OpenAI<00:29:38.399> has<00:29:38.559> recently<00:29:38.880> rolled<00:29:39.200> out,<00:29:39.440> they 00:29:39.590 --> 00:29:39.600 align:start position:0% OpenAI has recently rolled out, they 00:29:39.600 --> 00:29:42.549 align:start position:0% OpenAI has recently rolled out, they call<00:29:39.679> it<00:29:39.840> the<00:29:40.000> OpenAI<00:29:40.559> for<00:29:40.799> countries<00:29:41.360> program 00:29:42.549 --> 00:29:42.559 align:start position:0% call it the OpenAI for countries program 00:29:42.559 --> 00:29:46.070 align:start position:0% call it the OpenAI for countries program and<00:29:42.880> it<00:29:43.120> is<00:29:43.840> this<00:29:44.159> idea<00:29:44.880> that<00:29:45.279> they<00:29:45.600> want<00:29:45.840> to 00:29:46.070 --> 00:29:46.080 align:start position:0% and it is this idea that they want to 00:29:46.080 --> 00:29:49.110 align:start position:0% and it is this idea that they want to install<00:29:46.960> OpenAI<00:29:47.679> hardware<00:29:48.000> and<00:29:48.320> software<00:29:48.799> in 00:29:49.110 --> 00:29:49.120 align:start position:0% install OpenAI hardware and software in 00:29:49.120 --> 00:29:53.430 align:start position:0% install OpenAI hardware and software in places<00:29:49.679> around<00:29:50.240> the<00:29:50.559> world<00:29:51.520> and<00:29:52.799> explicitly 00:29:53.430 --> 00:29:53.440 align:start position:0% places around the world and explicitly 00:29:53.440 --> 00:29:57.590 align:start position:0% places around the world and explicitly says<00:29:54.240> we<00:29:54.559> want<00:29:54.720> to<00:29:55.039> build<00:29:55.600> democratic<00:29:56.559> AI 00:29:57.590 --> 00:29:57.600 align:start position:0% says we want to build democratic AI 00:29:57.600 --> 00:29:59.110 align:start position:0% says we want to build democratic AI rails. 00:29:59.110 --> 00:29:59.120 align:start position:0% rails. 00:29:59.120 --> 00:30:01.430 align:start position:0% rails. We<00:29:59.360> want<00:29:59.520> to<00:29:59.760> install<00:30:00.399> our<00:30:00.799> hardware<00:30:01.200> and 00:30:01.430 --> 00:30:01.440 align:start position:0% We want to install our hardware and 00:30:01.440 --> 00:30:05.029 align:start position:0% We want to install our hardware and software<00:30:02.240> as<00:30:02.640> a<00:30:03.039> foundation<00:30:03.760> of<00:30:04.240> democratic 00:30:05.029 --> 00:30:05.039 align:start position:0% software as a foundation of democratic 00:30:05.039 --> 00:30:09.750 align:start position:0% software as a foundation of democratic AI<00:30:06.240> globally<00:30:07.360> so<00:30:07.679> that<00:30:08.559> we<00:30:08.880> can<00:30:09.039> stop<00:30:09.440> China 00:30:09.750 --> 00:30:09.760 align:start position:0% AI globally so that we can stop China 00:30:09.760 --> 00:30:11.830 align:start position:0% AI globally so that we can stop China from<00:30:10.159> installing<00:30:10.720> authoritarian<00:30:11.440> AI 00:30:11.830 --> 00:30:11.840 align:start position:0% from installing authoritarian AI 00:30:11.840 --> 00:30:15.909 align:start position:0% from installing authoritarian AI globally.<00:30:12.559> But<00:30:12.720> the<00:30:12.960> thing<00:30:13.919> that<00:30:15.120> he<00:30:15.440> does<00:30:15.679> not 00:30:15.909 --> 00:30:15.919 align:start position:0% globally. But the thing that he does not 00:30:15.919 --> 00:30:18.789 align:start position:0% globally. But the thing that he does not acknowledge<00:30:17.120> is<00:30:17.360> that<00:30:17.600> there<00:30:17.919> is<00:30:18.240> nothing 00:30:18.789 --> 00:30:18.799 align:start position:0% acknowledge is that there is nothing 00:30:18.799 --> 00:30:21.350 align:start position:0% acknowledge is that there is nothing democratic<00:30:19.520> about<00:30:19.840> what<00:30:20.080> he's<00:30:20.399> doing.<00:30:21.279> You 00:30:21.350 --> 00:30:21.360 align:start position:0% democratic about what he's doing. You 00:30:21.360 --> 00:30:23.350 align:start position:0% democratic about what he's doing. You know,<00:30:21.520> the<00:30:21.679> Atlantic<00:30:22.240> executive<00:30:22.720> editor<00:30:23.120> says 00:30:23.350 --> 00:30:23.360 align:start position:0% know, the Atlantic executive editor says 00:30:23.360 --> 00:30:24.630 align:start position:0% know, the Atlantic executive editor says we<00:30:23.520> need<00:30:23.600> to<00:30:23.679> call<00:30:23.840> these<00:30:24.080> companies<00:30:24.320> for<00:30:24.480> what 00:30:24.630 --> 00:30:24.640 align:start position:0% we need to call these companies for what 00:30:24.640 --> 00:30:26.230 align:start position:0% we need to call these companies for what they<00:30:24.799> are.<00:30:25.039> They<00:30:25.279> are<00:30:25.520> techno 00:30:26.230 --> 00:30:26.240 align:start position:0% they are. They are techno 00:30:26.240 --> 00:30:28.710 align:start position:0% they are. They are techno authoritarians.<00:30:27.440> They<00:30:27.760> do<00:30:27.919> not<00:30:28.159> ask<00:30:28.399> the 00:30:28.710 --> 00:30:28.720 align:start position:0% authoritarians. They do not ask the 00:30:28.720 --> 00:30:31.350 align:start position:0% authoritarians. They do not ask the public<00:30:29.360> for<00:30:29.760> any<00:30:30.000> perspective<00:30:30.640> on<00:30:30.960> how<00:30:31.120> they 00:30:31.350 --> 00:30:31.360 align:start position:0% public for any perspective on how they 00:30:31.360 --> 00:30:33.029 align:start position:0% public for any perspective on how they develop<00:30:31.600> the<00:30:31.840> technology,<00:30:32.320> what<00:30:32.559> data<00:30:32.799> they 00:30:33.029 --> 00:30:33.039 align:start position:0% develop the technology, what data they 00:30:33.039 --> 00:30:34.789 align:start position:0% develop the technology, what data they train<00:30:33.279> the<00:30:33.440> technology<00:30:33.840> on,<00:30:34.320> where<00:30:34.559> they 00:30:34.789 --> 00:30:34.799 align:start position:0% train the technology on, where they 00:30:34.799 --> 00:30:36.549 align:start position:0% train the technology on, where they develop<00:30:35.039> these<00:30:35.360> data<00:30:35.600> centers.<00:30:36.000> In<00:30:36.159> fact, 00:30:36.549 --> 00:30:36.559 align:start position:0% develop these data centers. In fact, 00:30:36.559 --> 00:30:38.630 align:start position:0% develop these data centers. In fact, these<00:30:36.799> data<00:30:37.120> centers<00:30:37.440> are<00:30:37.600> often<00:30:38.000> developed 00:30:38.630 --> 00:30:38.640 align:start position:0% these data centers are often developed 00:30:38.640 --> 00:30:41.350 align:start position:0% these data centers are often developed in<00:30:38.880> the<00:30:39.039> cover<00:30:39.279> of<00:30:39.520> night<00:30:40.480> um<00:30:40.640> under<00:30:40.960> shell 00:30:41.350 --> 00:30:41.360 align:start position:0% in the cover of night um under shell 00:30:41.360 --> 00:30:44.149 align:start position:0% in the cover of night um under shell companies<00:30:41.919> like<00:30:42.240> Meta<00:30:42.799> recently<00:30:43.360> entered<00:30:43.919> New 00:30:44.149 --> 00:30:44.159 align:start position:0% companies like Meta recently entered New 00:30:44.159 --> 00:30:46.710 align:start position:0% companies like Meta recently entered New Mexico<00:30:44.960> under<00:30:45.360> the<00:30:45.679> Shell<00:30:46.000> company<00:30:46.320> named 00:30:46.710 --> 00:30:46.720 align:start position:0% Mexico under the Shell company named 00:30:46.720 --> 00:30:48.870 align:start position:0% Mexico under the Shell company named Greater<00:30:47.200> Kudu<00:30:47.760> LLC. 00:30:48.870 --> 00:30:48.880 align:start position:0% Greater Kudu LLC. 00:30:48.880 --> 00:30:49.830 align:start position:0% Greater Kudu LLC. >> Greater<00:30:49.360> Kudu. 00:30:49.830 --> 00:30:49.840 align:start position:0% >> Greater Kudu. 00:30:49.840 --> 00:30:52.789 align:start position:0% >> Greater Kudu. >> Greater<00:30:50.240> Kudu<00:30:50.799> LLC.<00:30:51.440> And<00:30:51.679> once<00:30:52.000> the<00:30:52.240> deal<00:30:52.480> was 00:30:52.789 --> 00:30:52.799 align:start position:0% >> Greater Kudu LLC. And once the deal was 00:30:52.799 --> 00:30:54.710 align:start position:0% >> Greater Kudu LLC. And once the deal was actually<00:30:53.440> closed<00:30:53.840> and<00:30:54.080> the<00:30:54.320> residents 00:30:54.710 --> 00:30:54.720 align:start position:0% actually closed and the residents 00:30:54.720 --> 00:30:56.070 align:start position:0% actually closed and the residents couldn't<00:30:54.960> do<00:30:55.120> anything<00:30:55.360> about<00:30:55.600> anymore, 00:30:56.070 --> 00:30:56.080 align:start position:0% couldn't do anything about anymore, 00:30:56.080 --> 00:30:57.510 align:start position:0% couldn't do anything about anymore, that's<00:30:56.240> when<00:30:56.399> it<00:30:56.559> was<00:30:56.640> revealed,<00:30:57.039> surprise, 00:30:57.510 --> 00:30:57.520 align:start position:0% that's when it was revealed, surprise, 00:30:57.520 --> 00:30:58.950 align:start position:0% that's when it was revealed, surprise, we're<00:30:57.679> Meta<00:30:58.080> and<00:30:58.320> you're<00:30:58.559> going<00:30:58.640> to<00:30:58.720> get<00:30:58.799> a 00:30:58.950 --> 00:30:58.960 align:start position:0% we're Meta and you're going to get a 00:30:58.960 --> 00:31:00.470 align:start position:0% we're Meta and you're going to get a data<00:30:59.200> center<00:30:59.520> that<00:30:59.760> drinks<00:31:00.080> all<00:31:00.240> of<00:31:00.320> your 00:31:00.470 --> 00:31:00.480 align:start position:0% data center that drinks all of your 00:31:00.480 --> 00:31:01.029 align:start position:0% data center that drinks all of your fresh<00:31:00.640> water. 00:31:01.029 --> 00:31:01.039 align:start position:0% fresh water. 00:31:01.039 --> 00:31:02.149 align:start position:0% fresh water. >> And<00:31:01.200> then<00:31:01.360> there<00:31:01.520> was<00:31:01.679> this<00:31:01.919> whole 00:31:02.149 --> 00:31:02.159 align:start position:0% >> And then there was this whole 00:31:02.159 --> 00:31:04.310 align:start position:0% >> And then there was this whole controversy<00:31:02.720> in<00:31:02.960> Memphis<00:31:03.440> around<00:31:03.760> a<00:31:04.000> data 00:31:04.310 --> 00:31:04.320 align:start position:0% controversy in Memphis around a data 00:31:04.320 --> 00:31:04.950 align:start position:0% controversy in Memphis around a data center. 00:31:04.950 --> 00:31:04.960 align:start position:0% center. 00:31:04.960 --> 00:31:07.269 align:start position:0% center. >> Yes.<00:31:05.520> So<00:31:05.840> that<00:31:06.159> is<00:31:06.320> the<00:31:06.480> data<00:31:06.720> center<00:31:06.960> that 00:31:07.269 --> 00:31:07.279 align:start position:0% >> Yes. So that is the data center that 00:31:07.279 --> 00:31:09.269 align:start position:0% >> Yes. So that is the data center that Elon<00:31:07.679> Musk<00:31:08.000> is<00:31:08.159> building.<00:31:08.480> So<00:31:08.720> meanwhile, 00:31:09.269 --> 00:31:09.279 align:start position:0% Elon Musk is building. So meanwhile, 00:31:09.279 --> 00:31:12.149 align:start position:0% Elon Musk is building. So meanwhile, Musk<00:31:09.600> is<00:31:09.840> saying<00:31:10.159> Alman<00:31:10.559> is<00:31:10.720> terrible. 00:31:12.149 --> 00:31:12.159 align:start position:0% Musk is saying Alman is terrible. 00:31:12.159 --> 00:31:14.310 align:start position:0% Musk is saying Alman is terrible. Everyone<00:31:12.559> should<00:31:12.799> use<00:31:13.120> my<00:31:13.440> AI.<00:31:13.919> And<00:31:14.159> of 00:31:14.310 --> 00:31:14.320 align:start position:0% Everyone should use my AI. And of 00:31:14.320 --> 00:31:16.950 align:start position:0% Everyone should use my AI. And of course,<00:31:14.720> his<00:31:14.960> AI<00:31:15.440> is<00:31:16.000> also<00:31:16.320> being<00:31:16.640> developed 00:31:16.950 --> 00:31:16.960 align:start position:0% course, his AI is also being developed 00:31:16.960 --> 00:31:19.110 align:start position:0% course, his AI is also being developed using<00:31:17.279> the<00:31:17.600> same<00:31:17.840> environmental<00:31:18.399> and<00:31:18.640> public 00:31:19.110 --> 00:31:19.120 align:start position:0% using the same environmental and public 00:31:19.120 --> 00:31:21.510 align:start position:0% using the same environmental and public health<00:31:19.440> costs.<00:31:19.840> So<00:31:20.000> he<00:31:20.240> built<00:31:20.559> this<00:31:20.799> massive 00:31:21.510 --> 00:31:21.520 align:start position:0% health costs. So he built this massive 00:31:21.520 --> 00:31:23.590 align:start position:0% health costs. So he built this massive supercomputer<00:31:22.159> called<00:31:22.480> Colossus<00:31:23.360> in 00:31:23.590 --> 00:31:23.600 align:start position:0% supercomputer called Colossus in 00:31:23.600 --> 00:31:25.029 align:start position:0% supercomputer called Colossus in Memphis,<00:31:24.000> Tennessee<00:31:24.399> that's<00:31:24.640> training 00:31:25.029 --> 00:31:25.039 align:start position:0% Memphis, Tennessee that's training 00:31:25.039 --> 00:31:27.350 align:start position:0% Memphis, Tennessee that's training Grock,<00:31:25.760> the<00:31:26.159> chatbot<00:31:26.720> that<00:31:26.880> people<00:31:27.120> can 00:31:27.350 --> 00:31:27.360 align:start position:0% Grock, the chatbot that people can 00:31:27.360 --> 00:31:31.110 align:start position:0% Grock, the chatbot that people can access<00:31:27.760> through<00:31:28.080> X<00:31:29.039> and<00:31:29.840> that<00:31:30.320> is<00:31:30.640> being 00:31:31.110 --> 00:31:31.120 align:start position:0% access through X and that is being 00:31:31.120 --> 00:31:33.269 align:start position:0% access through X and that is being powered<00:31:31.760> by 00:31:33.269 --> 00:31:33.279 align:start position:0% powered by 00:31:33.279 --> 00:31:36.870 align:start position:0% powered by around<00:31:33.840> 35<00:31:34.640> unlicensed<00:31:35.760> methane<00:31:36.399> gas 00:31:36.870 --> 00:31:36.880 align:start position:0% around 35 unlicensed methane gas 00:31:36.880 --> 00:31:39.350 align:start position:0% around 35 unlicensed methane gas turbines<00:31:37.440> that<00:31:37.600> are<00:31:37.760> pumping<00:31:38.240> thousands<00:31:39.039> of 00:31:39.350 --> 00:31:39.360 align:start position:0% turbines that are pumping thousands of 00:31:39.360 --> 00:31:43.430 align:start position:0% turbines that are pumping thousands of tons<00:31:39.840> of<00:31:40.320> toxic<00:31:41.039> air<00:31:41.360> pollutants<00:31:42.480> into<00:31:43.200> the 00:31:43.430 --> 00:31:43.440 align:start position:0% tons of toxic air pollutants into the 00:31:43.440 --> 00:31:45.430 align:start position:0% tons of toxic air pollutants into the greater<00:31:43.840> Memphis<00:31:44.559> community.<00:31:45.039> And<00:31:45.200> that 00:31:45.430 --> 00:31:45.440 align:start position:0% greater Memphis community. And that 00:31:45.440 --> 00:31:48.070 align:start position:0% greater Memphis community. And that community<00:31:45.840> has<00:31:46.159> long<00:31:46.480> suffered<00:31:47.279> a<00:31:47.600> lack<00:31:47.840> of 00:31:48.070 --> 00:31:48.080 align:start position:0% community has long suffered a lack of 00:31:48.080 --> 00:31:51.029 align:start position:0% community has long suffered a lack of access<00:31:48.559> to<00:31:48.880> clean<00:31:49.279> air,<00:31:49.919> a<00:31:50.159> fundamental<00:31:50.720> human 00:31:51.029 --> 00:31:51.039 align:start position:0% access to clean air, a fundamental human 00:31:51.039 --> 00:31:52.310 align:start position:0% access to clean air, a fundamental human right. 00:31:52.310 --> 00:31:52.320 align:start position:0% right. 00:31:52.320 --> 00:31:54.630 align:start position:0% right. >> So<00:31:52.559> I<00:31:52.799> want<00:31:52.960> to<00:31:53.039> go<00:31:53.200> to<00:31:53.519> interestingly<00:31:54.320> Sam 00:31:54.630 --> 00:31:54.640 align:start position:0% >> So I want to go to interestingly Sam 00:31:54.640 --> 00:31:57.430 align:start position:0% >> So I want to go to interestingly Sam Alman<00:31:55.200> testifying<00:31:55.840> in<00:31:56.159> front<00:31:56.399> of<00:31:56.720> Congress 00:31:57.430 --> 00:31:57.440 align:start position:0% Alman testifying in front of Congress 00:31:57.440 --> 00:31:59.909 align:start position:0% Alman testifying in front of Congress about<00:31:57.919> solutions<00:31:58.480> to<00:31:58.720> the<00:31:58.960> high<00:31:59.279> energy 00:31:59.909 --> 00:31:59.919 align:start position:0% about solutions to the high energy 00:31:59.919 --> 00:32:03.269 align:start position:0% about solutions to the high energy consumption<00:32:00.640> of<00:32:01.120> artificial<00:32:01.760> intelligence. 00:32:03.269 --> 00:32:03.279 align:start position:0% consumption of artificial intelligence. 00:32:03.279 --> 00:32:04.789 align:start position:0% consumption of artificial intelligence. >> In<00:32:03.440> the<00:32:03.600> short<00:32:03.760> term,<00:32:04.000> I<00:32:04.159> think<00:32:04.240> this<00:32:04.480> probably 00:32:04.789 --> 00:32:04.799 align:start position:0% >> In the short term, I think this probably 00:32:04.799 --> 00:32:07.990 align:start position:0% >> In the short term, I think this probably looks<00:32:05.039> like<00:32:05.519> more<00:32:05.840> natural<00:32:06.240> gas.<00:32:07.120> Um<00:32:07.519> although 00:32:07.990 --> 00:32:08.000 align:start position:0% looks like more natural gas. Um although 00:32:08.000 --> 00:32:09.350 align:start position:0% looks like more natural gas. Um although there<00:32:08.240> are<00:32:08.480> some<00:32:08.720> applications<00:32:09.120> where<00:32:09.279> I 00:32:09.350 --> 00:32:09.360 align:start position:0% there are some applications where I 00:32:09.360 --> 00:32:10.950 align:start position:0% there are some applications where I think<00:32:09.519> solar<00:32:09.840> can<00:32:10.000> really<00:32:10.159> help.<00:32:10.480> In<00:32:10.720> the 00:32:10.950 --> 00:32:10.960 align:start position:0% think solar can really help. In the 00:32:10.960 --> 00:32:12.549 align:start position:0% think solar can really help. In the medium-term,<00:32:11.519> I<00:32:11.679> hope<00:32:11.760> it's<00:32:12.000> advanced 00:32:12.549 --> 00:32:12.559 align:start position:0% medium-term, I hope it's advanced 00:32:12.559 --> 00:32:15.990 align:start position:0% medium-term, I hope it's advanced nuclear<00:32:13.200> uh<00:32:13.440> fish<00:32:13.840> and<00:32:14.000> fusion.<00:32:15.360> More<00:32:15.600> energy 00:32:15.990 --> 00:32:16.000 align:start position:0% nuclear uh fish and fusion. More energy 00:32:16.000 --> 00:32:17.909 align:start position:0% nuclear uh fish and fusion. More energy is<00:32:16.159> important<00:32:16.559> well<00:32:16.799> beyond<00:32:17.120> AI. 00:32:17.909 --> 00:32:17.919 align:start position:0% is important well beyond AI. 00:32:17.919 --> 00:32:21.029 align:start position:0% is important well beyond AI. >> So<00:32:18.159> that's<00:32:18.720> open<00:32:19.039> AI's<00:32:19.679> Sam<00:32:20.080> Alman.<00:32:20.640> This<00:32:20.799> is 00:32:21.029 --> 00:32:21.039 align:start position:0% >> So that's open AI's Sam Alman. This is 00:32:21.039 --> 00:32:24.310 align:start position:0% >> So that's open AI's Sam Alman. This is testifying<00:32:21.919> before<00:32:22.799> the<00:32:23.120> Senate<00:32:23.600> and<00:32:24.000> talking 00:32:24.310 --> 00:32:24.320 align:start position:0% testifying before the Senate and talking 00:32:24.320 --> 00:32:27.830 align:start position:0% testifying before the Senate and talking about<00:32:24.559> everything<00:32:25.200> from<00:32:26.000> uh<00:32:26.240> solar<00:32:26.880> to 00:32:27.830 --> 00:32:27.840 align:start position:0% about everything from uh solar to 00:32:27.840 --> 00:32:29.990 align:start position:0% about everything from uh solar to nuclear<00:32:28.399> power.<00:32:28.960> Something<00:32:29.200> that<00:32:29.440> was<00:32:29.679> fought 00:32:29.990 --> 00:32:30.000 align:start position:0% nuclear power. Something that was fought 00:32:30.000 --> 00:32:31.590 align:start position:0% nuclear power. Something that was fought in<00:32:30.159> the<00:32:30.320> United<00:32:30.559> States<00:32:30.799> by<00:32:31.039> environmental 00:32:31.590 --> 00:32:31.600 align:start position:0% in the United States by environmental 00:32:31.600 --> 00:32:34.070 align:start position:0% in the United States by environmental activists<00:32:32.320> for<00:32:32.720> decades.<00:32:33.279> So<00:32:33.519> you<00:32:33.679> have<00:32:33.760> these 00:32:34.070 --> 00:32:34.080 align:start position:0% activists for decades. So you have these 00:32:34.080 --> 00:32:36.870 align:start position:0% activists for decades. So you have these huge<00:32:34.559> old<00:32:35.519> uh<00:32:35.679> nuclear<00:32:36.080> power<00:32:36.320> plants,<00:32:36.640> but 00:32:36.870 --> 00:32:36.880 align:start position:0% huge old uh nuclear power plants, but 00:32:36.880 --> 00:32:38.470 align:start position:0% huge old uh nuclear power plants, but many<00:32:37.120> say<00:32:37.360> you<00:32:37.600> can't<00:32:37.760> make<00:32:37.919> them<00:32:38.159> safe<00:32:38.480> no 00:32:38.470 --> 00:32:38.480 align:start position:0% many say you can't make them safe no 00:32:38.480 --> 00:32:41.190 align:start position:0% many say you can't make them safe no matter<00:32:38.880> how<00:32:39.200> small.<00:32:39.840> and<00:32:40.399> smart<00:32:40.720> you<00:32:40.960> make 00:32:41.190 --> 00:32:41.200 align:start position:0% matter how small. and smart you make 00:32:41.200 --> 00:32:42.389 align:start position:0% matter how small. and smart you make them. 00:32:42.389 --> 00:32:42.399 align:start position:0% them. 00:32:42.399 --> 00:32:44.070 align:start position:0% them. >> This<00:32:42.640> is<00:32:42.799> one<00:32:42.960> of<00:32:43.039> the<00:32:43.200> things<00:32:43.440> of<00:32:43.679> the<00:32:43.840> many 00:32:44.070 --> 00:32:44.080 align:start position:0% >> This is one of the things of the many 00:32:44.080 --> 00:32:45.269 align:start position:0% >> This is one of the things of the many things<00:32:44.159> that<00:32:44.320> I'm<00:32:44.559> concerned<00:32:44.799> about<00:32:44.960> with<00:32:45.120> the 00:32:45.269 --> 00:32:45.279 align:start position:0% things that I'm concerned about with the 00:32:45.279 --> 00:32:46.630 align:start position:0% things that I'm concerned about with the current<00:32:45.440> trajectory<00:32:45.760> of<00:32:45.840> AI<00:32:46.159> development. 00:32:46.630 --> 00:32:46.640 align:start position:0% current trajectory of AI development. 00:32:46.640 --> 00:32:49.110 align:start position:0% current trajectory of AI development. This<00:32:46.880> is<00:32:46.960> a<00:32:47.360> second<00:32:47.679> order<00:32:48.080> tertiary<00:32:48.720> order 00:32:49.110 --> 00:32:49.120 align:start position:0% This is a second order tertiary order 00:32:49.120 --> 00:32:51.990 align:start position:0% This is a second order tertiary order effect<00:32:49.679> is<00:32:49.919> that<00:32:50.640> because<00:32:51.039> these<00:32:51.519> companies 00:32:51.990 --> 00:32:52.000 align:start position:0% effect is that because these companies 00:32:52.000 --> 00:32:55.269 align:start position:0% effect is that because these companies are<00:32:52.399> trying<00:32:52.720> to<00:32:53.039> claim<00:32:54.000> that<00:32:54.320> the<00:32:54.880> AI 00:32:55.269 --> 00:32:55.279 align:start position:0% are trying to claim that the AI 00:32:55.279 --> 00:32:56.950 align:start position:0% are trying to claim that the AI development<00:32:55.679> approach<00:32:55.919> they<00:32:56.159> took<00:32:56.559> doesn't 00:32:56.950 --> 00:32:56.960 align:start position:0% development approach they took doesn't 00:32:56.960 --> 00:32:59.669 align:start position:0% development approach they took doesn't have<00:32:57.279> climate<00:32:57.679> harms.<00:32:58.399> They<00:32:58.640> are<00:32:59.039> explicitly 00:32:59.669 --> 00:32:59.679 align:start position:0% have climate harms. They are explicitly 00:32:59.679 --> 00:33:01.430 align:start position:0% have climate harms. They are explicitly evoking<00:33:00.240> nuclear<00:33:00.640> again<00:33:00.880> and<00:33:01.039> again<00:33:01.200> and 00:33:01.430 --> 00:33:01.440 align:start position:0% evoking nuclear again and again and 00:33:01.440 --> 00:33:03.509 align:start position:0% evoking nuclear again and again and again<00:33:01.600> as<00:33:01.919> nuclear<00:33:02.399> will<00:33:02.559> solve<00:33:02.960> the<00:33:03.200> problem. 00:33:03.509 --> 00:33:03.519 align:start position:0% again as nuclear will solve the problem. 00:33:03.519 --> 00:33:05.350 align:start position:0% again as nuclear will solve the problem. And<00:33:03.679> it<00:33:03.840> has<00:33:04.000> been<00:33:04.159> effective.<00:33:04.640> I<00:33:04.880> have<00:33:05.039> talked 00:33:05.350 --> 00:33:05.360 align:start position:0% And it has been effective. I have talked 00:33:05.360 --> 00:33:07.590 align:start position:0% And it has been effective. I have talked with<00:33:05.600> certain<00:33:05.919> AI<00:33:06.399> researchers<00:33:07.120> who<00:33:07.440> thought 00:33:07.590 --> 00:33:07.600 align:start position:0% with certain AI researchers who thought 00:33:07.600 --> 00:33:09.430 align:start position:0% with certain AI researchers who thought the<00:33:07.919> problem<00:33:08.159> was<00:33:08.480> solved<00:33:08.880> because<00:33:09.200> of 00:33:09.430 --> 00:33:09.440 align:start position:0% the problem was solved because of 00:33:09.440 --> 00:33:13.509 align:start position:0% the problem was solved because of nuclear<00:33:10.480> and<00:33:10.880> in<00:33:11.279> order<00:33:11.600> to<00:33:12.000> try<00:33:12.399> and<00:33:12.880> actually 00:33:13.509 --> 00:33:13.519 align:start position:0% nuclear and in order to try and actually 00:33:13.519 --> 00:33:17.029 align:start position:0% nuclear and in order to try and actually build<00:33:14.799> more<00:33:15.039> and<00:33:15.200> more<00:33:15.440> nuclear<00:33:15.919> plants,<00:33:16.799> they 00:33:17.029 --> 00:33:17.039 align:start position:0% build more and more nuclear plants, they 00:33:17.039 --> 00:33:19.909 align:start position:0% build more and more nuclear plants, they are<00:33:17.440> lobbying<00:33:18.320> governments<00:33:18.880> to<00:33:19.200> try<00:33:19.440> and 00:33:19.909 --> 00:33:19.919 align:start position:0% are lobbying governments to try and 00:33:19.919 --> 00:33:23.990 align:start position:0% are lobbying governments to try and unwind<00:33:21.120> the<00:33:21.440> regulatory<00:33:22.640> structure<00:33:23.440> around 00:33:23.990 --> 00:33:24.000 align:start position:0% unwind the regulatory structure around 00:33:24.000 --> 00:33:25.509 align:start position:0% unwind the regulatory structure around nuclear<00:33:24.399> power<00:33:24.640> plant<00:33:24.880> building.<00:33:25.120> I<00:33:25.360> mean 00:33:25.509 --> 00:33:25.519 align:start position:0% nuclear power plant building. I mean 00:33:25.519 --> 00:33:29.110 align:start position:0% nuclear power plant building. I mean this<00:33:25.679> is<00:33:26.240> this<00:33:26.559> is<00:33:27.440> like<00:33:27.760> crazy<00:33:28.159> on<00:33:28.480> so<00:33:28.880> many 00:33:29.110 --> 00:33:29.120 align:start position:0% this is this is like crazy on so many 00:33:29.120 --> 00:33:32.149 align:start position:0% this is this is like crazy on so many levels<00:33:30.159> that<00:33:30.480> they're<00:33:30.799> not<00:33:30.960> just<00:33:31.440> trying<00:33:31.760> to 00:33:32.149 --> 00:33:32.159 align:start position:0% levels that they're not just trying to 00:33:32.159 --> 00:33:34.149 align:start position:0% levels that they're not just trying to develop<00:33:32.640> these<00:33:33.039> the<00:33:33.279> AI<00:33:33.679> technology 00:33:34.149 --> 00:33:34.159 align:start position:0% develop these the AI technology 00:33:34.159 --> 00:33:37.029 align:start position:0% develop these the AI technology recklessly.<00:33:34.799> They<00:33:35.039> are<00:33:35.200> also<00:33:35.600> trying<00:33:35.919> to<00:33:36.880> lay 00:33:37.029 --> 00:33:37.039 align:start position:0% recklessly. They are also trying to lay 00:33:37.039 --> 00:33:39.830 align:start position:0% recklessly. They are also trying to lay down<00:33:37.519> infrastructure<00:33:38.640> and<00:33:39.279> nuclear 00:33:39.830 --> 00:33:39.840 align:start position:0% down infrastructure and nuclear 00:33:39.840 --> 00:33:42.310 align:start position:0% down infrastructure and nuclear infrastructure<00:33:40.880> in<00:33:41.120> this<00:33:41.360> move<00:33:41.679> fast<00:33:42.080> break 00:33:42.310 --> 00:33:42.320 align:start position:0% infrastructure in this move fast break 00:33:42.320 --> 00:33:45.909 align:start position:0% infrastructure in this move fast break things<00:33:42.880> ideology.<00:33:44.000> But<00:33:44.240> for<00:33:44.480> those<00:33:44.799> who<00:33:45.679> um 00:33:45.909 --> 00:33:45.919 align:start position:0% things ideology. But for those who um 00:33:45.919 --> 00:33:47.509 align:start position:0% things ideology. But for those who um are<00:33:46.240> environmentalists<00:33:46.960> and<00:33:47.120> have<00:33:47.360> long 00:33:47.509 --> 00:33:47.519 align:start position:0% are environmentalists and have long 00:33:47.519 --> 00:33:50.470 align:start position:0% are environmentalists and have long opposed<00:33:48.000> nuclear<00:33:48.799> will<00:33:49.120> they<00:33:49.440> be<00:33:49.760> sucked<00:33:50.159> in 00:33:50.470 --> 00:33:50.480 align:start position:0% opposed nuclear will they be sucked in 00:33:50.480 --> 00:33:54.310 align:start position:0% opposed nuclear will they be sucked in by<00:33:50.799> the<00:33:51.200> solar<00:33:51.760> alternative?<00:33:53.200> But<00:33:53.440> that<00:33:53.840> exact 00:33:54.310 --> 00:33:54.320 align:start position:0% by the solar alternative? But that exact 00:33:54.320 --> 00:33:57.909 align:start position:0% by the solar alternative? But that exact so<00:33:55.200> data<00:33:55.519> centers<00:33:55.840> have<00:33:56.000> to<00:33:56.080> run<00:33:56.320> 247.<00:33:57.440> So<00:33:57.600> they 00:33:57.909 --> 00:33:57.919 align:start position:0% so data centers have to run 247. So they 00:33:57.919 --> 00:34:00.230 align:start position:0% so data centers have to run 247. So they cannot<00:33:58.320> actually<00:33:58.640> run<00:33:58.799> on<00:33:59.120> just<00:33:59.360> renewables. 00:34:00.230 --> 00:34:00.240 align:start position:0% cannot actually run on just renewables. 00:34:00.240 --> 00:34:02.789 align:start position:0% cannot actually run on just renewables. That<00:34:00.480> is<00:34:00.720> why<00:34:01.440> the<00:34:01.679> companies<00:34:02.159> keep<00:34:02.480> trying<00:34:02.640> to 00:34:02.789 --> 00:34:02.799 align:start position:0% That is why the companies keep trying to 00:34:02.799 --> 00:34:06.950 align:start position:0% That is why the companies keep trying to evoke<00:34:03.279> nuclear<00:34:03.760> as<00:34:04.159> the<00:34:04.559> solve<00:34:04.880> all<00:34:05.840> but<00:34:06.320> solar 00:34:06.950 --> 00:34:06.960 align:start position:0% evoke nuclear as the solve all but solar 00:34:06.960 --> 00:34:09.430 align:start position:0% evoke nuclear as the solve all but solar does<00:34:07.200> not<00:34:07.440> actually<00:34:08.240> work<00:34:08.480> when<00:34:08.800> we<00:34:08.960> do<00:34:09.200> not 00:34:09.430 --> 00:34:09.440 align:start position:0% does not actually work when we do not 00:34:09.440 --> 00:34:11.589 align:start position:0% does not actually work when we do not have<00:34:10.000> sufficient<00:34:10.480> enough<00:34:10.800> energy<00:34:11.200> storage 00:34:11.589 --> 00:34:11.599 align:start position:0% have sufficient enough energy storage 00:34:11.599 --> 00:34:14.389 align:start position:0% have sufficient enough energy storage solutions<00:34:12.000> for<00:34:12.240> that<00:34:12.480> 24/7<00:34:13.119> operation.<00:34:14.079> We'll 00:34:14.389 --> 00:34:14.399 align:start position:0% solutions for that 24/7 operation. We'll 00:34:14.399 --> 00:34:16.310 align:start position:0% solutions for that 24/7 operation. We'll return<00:34:14.720> to<00:34:14.879> our<00:34:15.119> conversation<00:34:15.679> in<00:34:15.919> a<00:34:16.159> minute 00:34:16.310 --> 00:34:16.320 align:start position:0% return to our conversation in a minute 00:34:16.320 --> 00:34:18.869 align:start position:0% return to our conversation in a minute with<00:34:16.560> Karen<00:34:16.960> How,<00:34:17.599> author<00:34:17.839> of<00:34:18.000> the<00:34:18.240> new<00:34:18.399> book 00:34:18.869 --> 00:34:18.879 align:start position:0% with Karen How, author of the new book 00:34:18.879 --> 00:34:22.310 align:start position:0% with Karen How, author of the new book Empire<00:34:19.520> of<00:34:19.760> AI:<00:34:20.720> Dreams<00:34:21.200> and<00:34:21.440> Nightmares<00:34:22.000> in 00:34:22.310 --> 00:34:22.320 align:start position:0% Empire of AI: Dreams and Nightmares in 00:34:22.320 --> 00:34:29.190 align:start position:0% Empire of AI: Dreams and Nightmares in Sam<00:34:22.639> Alman's<00:34:23.359> Open<00:34:23.919> AI.<00:34:24.800> Stay<00:34:25.040> with<00:34:25.200> us. 00:34:29.190 --> 00:34:29.200 align:start position:0% 00:34:29.200 --> 00:34:32.790 align:start position:0% This<00:34:29.440> is<00:34:29.839> Democracy<00:34:30.560> Now!<00:34:30.879> Democracynow.org. 00:34:32.790 --> 00:34:32.800 align:start position:0% This is Democracy Now! Democracynow.org. 00:34:32.800 --> 00:34:35.109 align:start position:0% This is Democracy Now! Democracynow.org. I'm<00:34:33.119> Amy<00:34:33.440> Goodman.<00:34:34.159> In<00:34:34.399> this<00:34:34.639> holiday 00:34:35.109 --> 00:34:35.119 align:start position:0% I'm Amy Goodman. In this holiday 00:34:35.119 --> 00:34:36.470 align:start position:0% I'm Amy Goodman. In this holiday special,<00:34:35.520> we're<00:34:35.839> speaking<00:34:36.079> with<00:34:36.320> the 00:34:36.470 --> 00:34:36.480 align:start position:0% special, we're speaking with the 00:34:36.480 --> 00:34:39.270 align:start position:0% special, we're speaking with the journalist<00:34:37.040> Karen<00:34:37.520> How,<00:34:38.320> author<00:34:38.720> of<00:34:38.879> the<00:34:39.040> new 00:34:39.270 --> 00:34:39.280 align:start position:0% journalist Karen How, author of the new 00:34:39.280 --> 00:34:42.470 align:start position:0% journalist Karen How, author of the new book<00:34:39.760> Empire<00:34:40.320> of<00:34:40.639> AI:<00:34:41.280> Dreams<00:34:41.679> and<00:34:41.919> Nightmares 00:34:42.470 --> 00:34:42.480 align:start position:0% book Empire of AI: Dreams and Nightmares 00:34:42.480 --> 00:34:45.669 align:start position:0% book Empire of AI: Dreams and Nightmares in<00:34:42.720> Sam<00:34:43.040> Alman's<00:34:43.760> Open<00:34:44.159> AI.<00:34:44.960> She<00:34:45.200> came<00:34:45.359> into 00:34:45.669 --> 00:34:45.679 align:start position:0% in Sam Alman's Open AI. She came into 00:34:45.679 --> 00:34:48.069 align:start position:0% in Sam Alman's Open AI. She came into our<00:34:45.919> studio<00:34:46.240> in<00:34:46.480> May.<00:34:46.879> She<00:34:47.200> lives<00:34:47.520> in<00:34:47.839> Hong 00:34:48.069 --> 00:34:48.079 align:start position:0% our studio in May. She lives in Hong 00:34:48.079 --> 00:34:50.629 align:start position:0% our studio in May. She lives in Hong Kong.<00:34:48.800> I<00:34:49.119> asked<00:34:49.359> her<00:34:49.599> to<00:34:49.839> talk<00:34:50.079> about<00:34:50.320> what's 00:34:50.629 --> 00:34:50.639 align:start position:0% Kong. I asked her to talk about what's 00:34:50.639 --> 00:34:53.190 align:start position:0% Kong. I asked her to talk about what's happening<00:34:50.960> in<00:34:51.280> China<00:34:52.079> around<00:34:52.480> artificial 00:34:53.190 --> 00:34:53.200 align:start position:0% happening in China around artificial 00:34:53.200 --> 00:34:54.470 align:start position:0% happening in China around artificial intelligence. 00:34:54.470 --> 00:34:54.480 align:start position:0% intelligence. 00:34:54.480 --> 00:34:57.349 align:start position:0% intelligence. >> China<00:34:54.800> and<00:34:54.960> the<00:34:55.119> US<00:34:55.440> are<00:34:55.839> the<00:34:56.240> largest<00:34:56.879> hubs 00:34:57.349 --> 00:34:57.359 align:start position:0% >> China and the US are the largest hubs 00:34:57.359 --> 00:35:00.069 align:start position:0% >> China and the US are the largest hubs for<00:34:57.680> AI<00:34:58.079> research.<00:34:59.040> They<00:34:59.280> are<00:34:59.520> the<00:34:59.760> largest 00:35:00.069 --> 00:35:00.079 align:start position:0% for AI research. They are the largest 00:35:00.079 --> 00:35:02.069 align:start position:0% for AI research. They are the largest concentration<00:35:00.720> of<00:35:01.040> AI<00:35:01.359> research<00:35:01.760> talent 00:35:02.069 --> 00:35:02.079 align:start position:0% concentration of AI research talent 00:35:02.079 --> 00:35:05.510 align:start position:0% concentration of AI research talent globally.<00:35:03.440> Um,<00:35:03.920> China<00:35:04.800> other<00:35:05.040> than<00:35:05.200> Silicon 00:35:05.510 --> 00:35:05.520 align:start position:0% globally. Um, China other than Silicon 00:35:05.520 --> 00:35:07.190 align:start position:0% globally. Um, China other than Silicon Valley,<00:35:05.839> China<00:35:06.079> really<00:35:06.320> is<00:35:06.480> the<00:35:06.720> only<00:35:06.880> other 00:35:07.190 --> 00:35:07.200 align:start position:0% Valley, China really is the only other 00:35:07.200 --> 00:35:09.430 align:start position:0% Valley, China really is the only other rival<00:35:07.680> in<00:35:07.839> terms<00:35:08.000> of<00:35:08.160> talent<00:35:08.480> density<00:35:08.960> and<00:35:09.200> the 00:35:09.430 --> 00:35:09.440 align:start position:0% rival in terms of talent density and the 00:35:09.440 --> 00:35:10.790 align:start position:0% rival in terms of talent density and the amount<00:35:09.599> of<00:35:09.760> capital<00:35:10.079> investment<00:35:10.480> and<00:35:10.640> the 00:35:10.790 --> 00:35:10.800 align:start position:0% amount of capital investment and the 00:35:10.800 --> 00:35:11.990 align:start position:0% amount of capital investment and the amount<00:35:10.960> of<00:35:11.040> infrastructure<00:35:11.520> that<00:35:11.680> is<00:35:11.839> going 00:35:11.990 --> 00:35:12.000 align:start position:0% amount of infrastructure that is going 00:35:12.000 --> 00:35:14.790 align:start position:0% amount of infrastructure that is going into<00:35:12.240> AI<00:35:12.560> development.<00:35:14.000> In<00:35:14.240> the<00:35:14.400> last<00:35:14.560> few 00:35:14.790 --> 00:35:14.800 align:start position:0% into AI development. In the last few 00:35:14.800 --> 00:35:16.710 align:start position:0% into AI development. In the last few years,<00:35:15.200> what<00:35:15.440> we<00:35:15.520> have<00:35:15.680> seen<00:35:15.920> is<00:35:16.240> the<00:35:16.480> US 00:35:16.710 --> 00:35:16.720 align:start position:0% years, what we have seen is the US 00:35:16.720 --> 00:35:19.430 align:start position:0% years, what we have seen is the US government<00:35:17.280> has<00:35:18.000> been<00:35:18.400> aggressively<00:35:19.119> trying 00:35:19.430 --> 00:35:19.440 align:start position:0% government has been aggressively trying 00:35:19.440 --> 00:35:22.470 align:start position:0% government has been aggressively trying to<00:35:19.839> stay<00:35:20.560> number<00:35:20.880> one<00:35:21.680> and<00:35:22.000> one<00:35:22.240> of<00:35:22.320> the 00:35:22.470 --> 00:35:22.480 align:start position:0% to stay number one and one of the 00:35:22.480 --> 00:35:25.430 align:start position:0% to stay number one and one of the mechanisms<00:35:22.880> that<00:35:23.119> they<00:35:23.280> have<00:35:23.520> used<00:35:24.320> is<00:35:24.960> export 00:35:25.430 --> 00:35:25.440 align:start position:0% mechanisms that they have used is export 00:35:25.440 --> 00:35:28.550 align:start position:0% mechanisms that they have used is export controls.<00:35:26.560> A<00:35:26.880> key<00:35:27.040> input<00:35:27.520> into<00:35:28.000> these<00:35:28.240> AI 00:35:28.550 --> 00:35:28.560 align:start position:0% controls. A key input into these AI 00:35:28.560 --> 00:35:29.670 align:start position:0% controls. A key input into these AI models<00:35:28.880> is<00:35:29.040> the<00:35:29.200> computational 00:35:29.670 --> 00:35:29.680 align:start position:0% models is the computational 00:35:29.680 --> 00:35:31.750 align:start position:0% models is the computational infrastructure<00:35:30.240> and<00:35:30.480> the<00:35:30.720> computer<00:35:31.119> chips 00:35:31.750 --> 00:35:31.760 align:start position:0% infrastructure and the computer chips 00:35:31.760 --> 00:35:34.470 align:start position:0% infrastructure and the computer chips for<00:35:32.640> installing<00:35:33.280> into<00:35:33.520> the<00:35:33.680> data<00:35:33.920> centers<00:35:34.240> for 00:35:34.470 --> 00:35:34.480 align:start position:0% for installing into the data centers for 00:35:34.480 --> 00:35:36.630 align:start position:0% for installing into the data centers for training<00:35:34.720> these<00:35:35.040> models.<00:35:35.920> And<00:35:36.320> these 00:35:36.630 --> 00:35:36.640 align:start position:0% training these models. And these 00:35:36.640 --> 00:35:39.030 align:start position:0% training these models. And these computer<00:35:36.960> chips<00:35:37.680> are<00:35:38.160> the<00:35:38.480> in<00:35:38.720> order<00:35:38.880> to 00:35:39.030 --> 00:35:39.040 align:start position:0% computer chips are the in order to 00:35:39.040 --> 00:35:41.190 align:start position:0% computer chips are the in order to develop<00:35:39.280> the<00:35:39.440> AI<00:35:39.839> models.<00:35:40.640> Companies<00:35:40.960> are 00:35:41.190 --> 00:35:41.200 align:start position:0% develop the AI models. Companies are 00:35:41.200 --> 00:35:43.030 align:start position:0% develop the AI models. Companies are using<00:35:41.359> the<00:35:41.680> most<00:35:41.920> bleeding<00:35:42.320> edge<00:35:42.640> computer 00:35:43.030 --> 00:35:43.040 align:start position:0% using the most bleeding edge computer 00:35:43.040 --> 00:35:45.510 align:start position:0% using the most bleeding edge computer chip<00:35:43.440> technology.<00:35:44.160> It's<00:35:44.320> like<00:35:44.480> the<00:35:44.960> every<00:35:45.280> two 00:35:45.510 --> 00:35:45.520 align:start position:0% chip technology. It's like the every two 00:35:45.520 --> 00:35:47.190 align:start position:0% chip technology. It's like the every two years<00:35:45.760> a<00:35:46.000> new<00:35:46.160> chip<00:35:46.400> comes<00:35:46.640> out<00:35:46.800> and<00:35:46.960> they 00:35:47.190 --> 00:35:47.200 align:start position:0% years a new chip comes out and they 00:35:47.200 --> 00:35:48.630 align:start position:0% years a new chip comes out and they immediately<00:35:47.680> start<00:35:47.839> using<00:35:48.079> that<00:35:48.240> to<00:35:48.480> train 00:35:48.630 --> 00:35:48.640 align:start position:0% immediately start using that to train 00:35:48.640 --> 00:35:51.349 align:start position:0% immediately start using that to train the<00:35:48.800> next<00:35:49.040> generation<00:35:49.680> of<00:35:49.920> AI<00:35:50.240> models.<00:35:50.880> Those 00:35:51.349 --> 00:35:51.359 align:start position:0% the next generation of AI models. Those 00:35:51.359 --> 00:35:53.750 align:start position:0% the next generation of AI models. Those computer<00:35:51.680> chips<00:35:52.000> are<00:35:52.320> designed<00:35:52.960> by<00:35:53.359> American 00:35:53.750 --> 00:35:53.760 align:start position:0% computer chips are designed by American 00:35:53.760 --> 00:35:55.750 align:start position:0% computer chips are designed by American companies,<00:35:54.560> the<00:35:54.720> most<00:35:54.960> prominent<00:35:55.280> one<00:35:55.440> being 00:35:55.750 --> 00:35:55.760 align:start position:0% companies, the most prominent one being 00:35:55.760 --> 00:35:58.710 align:start position:0% companies, the most prominent one being Nvidia<00:35:56.400> in<00:35:56.720> California.<00:35:57.760> And<00:35:57.920> so<00:35:58.240> the<00:35:58.480> US 00:35:58.710 --> 00:35:58.720 align:start position:0% Nvidia in California. And so the US 00:35:58.720 --> 00:36:01.190 align:start position:0% Nvidia in California. And so the US government<00:35:59.119> has<00:35:59.440> been<00:35:59.599> trying<00:36:00.000> to<00:36:00.400> use<00:36:00.720> export 00:36:01.190 --> 00:36:01.200 align:start position:0% government has been trying to use export 00:36:01.200 --> 00:36:03.910 align:start position:0% government has been trying to use export controls<00:36:01.760> to<00:36:02.079> prevent<00:36:03.040> Chinese<00:36:03.520> companies 00:36:03.910 --> 00:36:03.920 align:start position:0% controls to prevent Chinese companies 00:36:03.920 --> 00:36:05.589 align:start position:0% controls to prevent Chinese companies from<00:36:04.160> getting<00:36:04.400> access<00:36:04.800> to<00:36:04.960> the<00:36:05.119> most<00:36:05.280> cutting 00:36:05.589 --> 00:36:05.599 align:start position:0% from getting access to the most cutting 00:36:05.599 --> 00:36:09.430 align:start position:0% from getting access to the most cutting edge<00:36:06.240> computer<00:36:06.640> chips.<00:36:07.760> That<00:36:08.079> has<00:36:08.320> all<00:36:08.640> been 00:36:09.430 --> 00:36:09.440 align:start position:0% edge computer chips. That has all been 00:36:09.440 --> 00:36:12.310 align:start position:0% edge computer chips. That has all been under<00:36:09.760> the<00:36:10.079> recommendation<00:36:11.359> of<00:36:11.920> Silicon 00:36:12.310 --> 00:36:12.320 align:start position:0% under the recommendation of Silicon 00:36:12.320 --> 00:36:17.430 align:start position:0% under the recommendation of Silicon Valley<00:36:13.359> saying<00:36:14.320> this<00:36:14.640> is<00:36:15.119> the<00:36:15.440> way<00:36:16.079> to<00:36:16.560> prevent 00:36:17.430 --> 00:36:17.440 align:start position:0% Valley saying this is the way to prevent 00:36:17.440 --> 00:36:21.430 align:start position:0% Valley saying this is the way to prevent China<00:36:18.079> from<00:36:19.280> being<00:36:19.680> number<00:36:19.920> one.<00:36:20.240> and<00:36:20.800> like 00:36:21.430 --> 00:36:21.440 align:start position:0% China from being number one. and like 00:36:21.440 --> 00:36:23.109 align:start position:0% China from being number one. and like put<00:36:21.680> export<00:36:22.079> controls<00:36:22.400> on<00:36:22.560> them<00:36:22.640> and<00:36:22.960> don't 00:36:23.109 --> 00:36:23.119 align:start position:0% put export controls on them and don't 00:36:23.119 --> 00:36:25.109 align:start position:0% put export controls on them and don't regulate<00:36:23.520> us<00:36:23.680> at<00:36:23.920> all<00:36:24.079> so<00:36:24.320> we<00:36:24.560> can<00:36:24.640> stay<00:36:24.880> number 00:36:25.109 --> 00:36:25.119 align:start position:0% regulate us at all so we can stay number 00:36:25.119 --> 00:36:27.589 align:start position:0% regulate us at all so we can stay number one<00:36:25.280> and<00:36:25.440> they<00:36:25.599> will<00:36:25.760> fall<00:36:26.000> behind.<00:36:27.040> What<00:36:27.280> has 00:36:27.589 --> 00:36:27.599 align:start position:0% one and they will fall behind. What has 00:36:27.599 --> 00:36:29.750 align:start position:0% one and they will fall behind. What has happened<00:36:28.079> instead 00:36:29.750 --> 00:36:29.760 align:start position:0% happened instead 00:36:29.760 --> 00:36:32.790 align:start position:0% happened instead is<00:36:30.240> because<00:36:30.880> there<00:36:31.200> is<00:36:31.520> a<00:36:31.839> strong<00:36:32.160> base<00:36:32.480> of 00:36:32.790 --> 00:36:32.800 align:start position:0% is because there is a strong base of 00:36:32.800 --> 00:36:35.829 align:start position:0% is because there is a strong base of talent<00:36:33.520> of<00:36:33.760> AI<00:36:34.160> research<00:36:34.400> talent<00:36:34.720> in<00:36:34.880> China 00:36:35.829 --> 00:36:35.839 align:start position:0% talent of AI research talent in China 00:36:35.839 --> 00:36:37.990 align:start position:0% talent of AI research talent in China under<00:36:36.240> the<00:36:36.560> constraints<00:36:37.200> of<00:36:37.520> fewer 00:36:37.990 --> 00:36:38.000 align:start position:0% under the constraints of fewer 00:36:38.000 --> 00:36:40.069 align:start position:0% under the constraints of fewer computational<00:36:38.640> resources,<00:36:39.599> Chinese 00:36:40.069 --> 00:36:40.079 align:start position:0% computational resources, Chinese 00:36:40.079 --> 00:36:41.910 align:start position:0% computational resources, Chinese companies<00:36:40.640> have<00:36:40.960> actually<00:36:41.280> been<00:36:41.440> able<00:36:41.680> to 00:36:41.910 --> 00:36:41.920 align:start position:0% companies have actually been able to 00:36:41.920 --> 00:36:44.470 align:start position:0% companies have actually been able to innovate<00:36:42.400> and<00:36:42.720> develop<00:36:43.440> the<00:36:43.760> same<00:36:44.079> level<00:36:44.320> of 00:36:44.470 --> 00:36:44.480 align:start position:0% innovate and develop the same level of 00:36:44.480 --> 00:36:46.550 align:start position:0% innovate and develop the same level of AI<00:36:44.880> model<00:36:45.200> capabilities<00:36:45.839> as<00:36:46.079> American 00:36:46.550 --> 00:36:46.560 align:start position:0% AI model capabilities as American 00:36:46.560 --> 00:36:50.069 align:start position:0% AI model capabilities as American companies<00:36:47.359> with<00:36:48.000> two<00:36:48.320> orders<00:36:48.800> of<00:36:49.040> magnitude 00:36:50.069 --> 00:36:50.079 align:start position:0% companies with two orders of magnitude 00:36:50.079 --> 00:36:52.630 align:start position:0% companies with two orders of magnitude less<00:36:50.720> computational<00:36:51.440> resources,<00:36:52.320> less 00:36:52.630 --> 00:36:52.640 align:start position:0% less computational resources, less 00:36:52.640 --> 00:36:55.750 align:start position:0% less computational resources, less energy,<00:36:53.440> less<00:36:53.760> data.<00:36:54.640> So,<00:36:55.040> I'm<00:36:55.440> talking 00:36:55.750 --> 00:36:55.760 align:start position:0% energy, less data. So, I'm talking 00:36:55.760 --> 00:36:57.910 align:start position:0% energy, less data. So, I'm talking specifically<00:36:56.400> about<00:36:57.200> um<00:36:57.359> the<00:36:57.599> Chinese 00:36:57.910 --> 00:36:57.920 align:start position:0% specifically about um the Chinese 00:36:57.920 --> 00:37:00.230 align:start position:0% specifically about um the Chinese company<00:36:58.160> Highfire,<00:36:59.119> which<00:36:59.440> developed<00:36:59.920> this 00:37:00.230 --> 00:37:00.240 align:start position:0% company Highfire, which developed this 00:37:00.240 --> 00:37:02.390 align:start position:0% company Highfire, which developed this model<00:37:00.480> called<00:37:00.720> Deep<00:37:01.119> Seek<00:37:01.440> earlier<00:37:01.839> this<00:37:02.079> year 00:37:02.390 --> 00:37:02.400 align:start position:0% model called Deep Seek earlier this year 00:37:02.400 --> 00:37:05.990 align:start position:0% model called Deep Seek earlier this year that<00:37:02.960> briefly<00:37:03.599> tanked<00:37:04.079> the<00:37:04.320> global<00:37:04.720> economy 00:37:05.990 --> 00:37:06.000 align:start position:0% that briefly tanked the global economy 00:37:06.000 --> 00:37:09.030 align:start position:0% that briefly tanked the global economy because<00:37:07.119> the<00:37:07.440> company<00:37:08.079> said<00:37:08.320> that<00:37:08.640> their 00:37:09.030 --> 00:37:09.040 align:start position:0% because the company said that their 00:37:09.040 --> 00:37:12.310 align:start position:0% because the company said that their their<00:37:09.839> um<00:37:10.560> training<00:37:10.960> this<00:37:11.119> one<00:37:11.280> AI<00:37:11.680> model<00:37:12.000> cost 00:37:12.310 --> 00:37:12.320 align:start position:0% their um training this one AI model cost 00:37:12.320 --> 00:37:15.190 align:start position:0% their um training this one AI model cost around<00:37:12.640> $6<00:37:13.040> million<00:37:13.920> when<00:37:14.240> OpenAI<00:37:14.960> was 00:37:15.190 --> 00:37:15.200 align:start position:0% around $6 million when OpenAI was 00:37:15.200 --> 00:37:18.550 align:start position:0% around $6 million when OpenAI was training<00:37:15.599> models<00:37:16.400> that<00:37:16.720> cost<00:37:17.839> hundreds<00:37:18.320> of 00:37:18.550 --> 00:37:18.560 align:start position:0% training models that cost hundreds of 00:37:18.560 --> 00:37:21.670 align:start position:0% training models that cost hundreds of millions<00:37:19.040> if<00:37:19.280> not<00:37:19.520> over<00:37:20.000> tens<00:37:20.320> of<00:37:20.560> billions<00:37:21.440> of 00:37:21.670 --> 00:37:21.680 align:start position:0% millions if not over tens of billions of 00:37:21.680 --> 00:37:26.390 align:start position:0% millions if not over tens of billions of dollars.<00:37:22.800> And<00:37:23.760> that<00:37:24.480> delta<00:37:25.520> demonstrated<00:37:26.160> to 00:37:26.390 --> 00:37:26.400 align:start position:0% dollars. And that delta demonstrated to 00:37:26.400 --> 00:37:29.349 align:start position:0% dollars. And that delta demonstrated to people<00:37:27.119> that<00:37:27.520> this<00:37:28.160> what<00:37:28.560> Silicon<00:37:28.960> Valley<00:37:29.200> has 00:37:29.349 --> 00:37:29.359 align:start position:0% people that this what Silicon Valley has 00:37:29.359 --> 00:37:30.630 align:start position:0% people that this what Silicon Valley has tried<00:37:29.520> to<00:37:29.680> convince<00:37:29.920> everyone<00:37:30.240> for<00:37:30.400> the<00:37:30.480> last 00:37:30.630 --> 00:37:30.640 align:start position:0% tried to convince everyone for the last 00:37:30.640 --> 00:37:32.470 align:start position:0% tried to convince everyone for the last few<00:37:30.800> years<00:37:30.960> that<00:37:31.119> this<00:37:31.280> is<00:37:31.440> the<00:37:31.680> only<00:37:32.000> path<00:37:32.320> to 00:37:32.470 --> 00:37:32.480 align:start position:0% few years that this is the only path to 00:37:32.480 --> 00:37:35.910 align:start position:0% few years that this is the only path to getting<00:37:32.720> more<00:37:32.960> AI<00:37:33.359> capabilities<00:37:34.320> is<00:37:34.720> totally 00:37:35.910 --> 00:37:35.920 align:start position:0% getting more AI capabilities is totally 00:37:35.920 --> 00:37:39.030 align:start position:0% getting more AI capabilities is totally false<00:37:36.800> and<00:37:37.040> actually<00:37:37.440> the<00:37:37.760> techniques<00:37:38.640> that 00:37:39.030 --> 00:37:39.040 align:start position:0% false and actually the techniques that 00:37:39.040 --> 00:37:41.670 align:start position:0% false and actually the techniques that chi<00:37:39.280> the<00:37:39.520> Chinese<00:37:39.920> company<00:37:40.400> was<00:37:40.640> using<00:37:41.359> were 00:37:41.670 --> 00:37:41.680 align:start position:0% chi the Chinese company was using were 00:37:41.680 --> 00:37:44.230 align:start position:0% chi the Chinese company was using were ones<00:37:41.920> that<00:37:42.160> existed<00:37:42.720> in<00:37:43.040> the<00:37:43.280> literature<00:37:43.920> and 00:37:44.230 --> 00:37:44.240 align:start position:0% ones that existed in the literature and 00:37:44.240 --> 00:37:46.550 align:start position:0% ones that existed in the literature and just<00:37:44.480> had<00:37:44.640> to<00:37:44.800> be<00:37:45.040> assembled.<00:37:45.680> They<00:37:46.079> used<00:37:46.320> a 00:37:46.550 --> 00:37:46.560 align:start position:0% just had to be assembled. They used a 00:37:46.560 --> 00:37:48.150 align:start position:0% just had to be assembled. They used a lot<00:37:46.640> of<00:37:46.800> engineering<00:37:47.280> sophistication<00:37:47.839> to<00:37:48.079> do 00:37:48.150 --> 00:37:48.160 align:start position:0% lot of engineering sophistication to do 00:37:48.160 --> 00:37:50.470 align:start position:0% lot of engineering sophistication to do that,<00:37:48.640> but<00:37:48.880> they<00:37:49.040> weren't<00:37:49.359> actually<00:37:49.760> using 00:37:50.470 --> 00:37:50.480 align:start position:0% that, but they weren't actually using 00:37:50.480 --> 00:37:52.790 align:start position:0% that, but they weren't actually using fundamentally<00:37:51.440> new<00:37:51.920> techniques.<00:37:52.480> They<00:37:52.640> were 00:37:52.790 --> 00:37:52.800 align:start position:0% fundamentally new techniques. They were 00:37:52.800 --> 00:37:54.390 align:start position:0% fundamentally new techniques. They were ones<00:37:53.040> that<00:37:53.280> actually<00:37:53.520> already<00:37:53.839> existed. 00:37:54.390 --> 00:37:54.400 align:start position:0% ones that actually already existed. 00:37:54.400 --> 00:37:56.710 align:start position:0% ones that actually already existed. >> So<00:37:54.720> explain<00:37:55.119> it<00:37:55.359> further<00:37:55.680> because<00:37:55.920> I<00:37:56.240> think<00:37:56.400> a 00:37:56.710 --> 00:37:56.720 align:start position:0% >> So explain it further because I think a 00:37:56.720 --> 00:37:58.710 align:start position:0% >> So explain it further because I think a lot<00:37:56.880> of<00:37:57.040> people<00:37:57.359> just<00:37:57.680> can't<00:37:57.920> get<00:37:58.079> their<00:37:58.320> minds 00:37:58.710 --> 00:37:58.720 align:start position:0% lot of people just can't get their minds 00:37:58.720 --> 00:38:00.790 align:start position:0% lot of people just can't get their minds around<00:37:58.960> this.<00:37:59.440> How<00:37:59.680> do<00:37:59.920> you<00:38:00.160> do<00:38:00.400> this 00:38:00.790 --> 00:38:00.800 align:start position:0% around this. How do you do this 00:38:00.800 --> 00:38:02.550 align:start position:0% around this. How do you do this training? 00:38:02.550 --> 00:38:02.560 align:start position:0% training? 00:38:02.560 --> 00:38:05.109 align:start position:0% training? >> So<00:38:02.880> there's<00:38:03.440> software<00:38:04.240> called<00:38:04.720> neural 00:38:05.109 --> 00:38:05.119 align:start position:0% >> So there's software called neural 00:38:05.119 --> 00:38:08.230 align:start position:0% >> So there's software called neural networks<00:38:06.079> which<00:38:06.480> is<00:38:06.960> essentially<00:38:07.440> a<00:38:07.760> massive 00:38:08.230 --> 00:38:08.240 align:start position:0% networks which is essentially a massive 00:38:08.240 --> 00:38:11.270 align:start position:0% networks which is essentially a massive statistical<00:38:09.040> engine.<00:38:09.680> is<00:38:10.079> doing<00:38:10.800> lots<00:38:11.119> and 00:38:11.270 --> 00:38:11.280 align:start position:0% statistical engine. is doing lots and 00:38:11.280 --> 00:38:13.750 align:start position:0% statistical engine. is doing lots and lots<00:38:11.520> of<00:38:12.480> sophisticated<00:38:13.200> statistical 00:38:13.750 --> 00:38:13.760 align:start position:0% lots of sophisticated statistical 00:38:13.760 --> 00:38:16.630 align:start position:0% lots of sophisticated statistical computation<00:38:14.560> to<00:38:14.960> try<00:38:15.280> and<00:38:15.599> ascertain<00:38:16.320> what 00:38:16.630 --> 00:38:16.640 align:start position:0% computation to try and ascertain what 00:38:16.640 --> 00:38:19.589 align:start position:0% computation to try and ascertain what kinds<00:38:16.880> of<00:38:17.040> patterns<00:38:17.520> exist<00:38:17.920> in<00:38:18.160> data<00:38:18.480> sets.<00:38:19.200> So 00:38:19.589 --> 00:38:19.599 align:start position:0% kinds of patterns exist in data sets. So 00:38:19.599 --> 00:38:21.589 align:start position:0% kinds of patterns exist in data sets. So typically<00:38:20.079> in<00:38:20.240> in<00:38:20.560> the<00:38:20.720> past<00:38:20.960> before<00:38:21.280> we<00:38:21.440> got 00:38:21.589 --> 00:38:21.599 align:start position:0% typically in in the past before we got 00:38:21.599 --> 00:38:23.510 align:start position:0% typically in in the past before we got to<00:38:21.839> large<00:38:22.079> language<00:38:22.400> models<00:38:22.960> it<00:38:23.200> would<00:38:23.280> be 00:38:23.510 --> 00:38:23.520 align:start position:0% to large language models it would be 00:38:23.520 --> 00:38:25.990 align:start position:0% to large language models it would be doing<00:38:23.760> something<00:38:24.079> like<00:38:24.880> um<00:38:25.040> looking<00:38:25.280> at<00:38:25.520> MRI 00:38:25.990 --> 00:38:26.000 align:start position:0% doing something like um looking at MRI 00:38:26.000 --> 00:38:29.190 align:start position:0% doing something like um looking at MRI scans<00:38:26.320> and<00:38:26.560> checking<00:38:26.880> the<00:38:27.119> patterns<00:38:27.599> of<00:38:28.079> what 00:38:29.190 --> 00:38:29.200 align:start position:0% scans and checking the patterns of what 00:38:29.200 --> 00:38:31.190 align:start position:0% scans and checking the patterns of what what<00:38:29.520> does<00:38:29.680> cancer<00:38:30.079> look<00:38:30.240> like<00:38:30.320> in<00:38:30.560> an<00:38:30.720> MRI 00:38:31.190 --> 00:38:31.200 align:start position:0% what does cancer look like in an MRI 00:38:31.200 --> 00:38:34.550 align:start position:0% what does cancer look like in an MRI scan.<00:38:32.320> Um<00:38:32.880> now<00:38:33.200> with<00:38:33.680> GBT<00:38:34.160> what<00:38:34.240> it's<00:38:34.400> looking 00:38:34.550 --> 00:38:34.560 align:start position:0% scan. Um now with GBT what it's looking 00:38:34.560 --> 00:38:36.390 align:start position:0% scan. Um now with GBT what it's looking at<00:38:34.720> is<00:38:35.200> what<00:38:35.440> are<00:38:35.520> the<00:38:35.760> patterns<00:38:36.079> of<00:38:36.240> the 00:38:36.390 --> 00:38:36.400 align:start position:0% at is what are the patterns of the 00:38:36.400 --> 00:38:38.310 align:start position:0% at is what are the patterns of the English<00:38:36.720> language?<00:38:37.200> what<00:38:37.440> is<00:38:37.520> the<00:38:37.760> syntax, 00:38:38.310 --> 00:38:38.320 align:start position:0% English language? what is the syntax, 00:38:38.320 --> 00:38:40.870 align:start position:0% English language? what is the syntax, the<00:38:38.560> structure,<00:38:39.359> figures<00:38:39.760> of<00:38:40.000> speech<00:38:40.560> that 00:38:40.870 --> 00:38:40.880 align:start position:0% the structure, figures of speech that 00:38:40.880 --> 00:38:44.150 align:start position:0% the structure, figures of speech that are<00:38:41.040> typically<00:38:41.839> used<00:38:42.640> and<00:38:42.880> then<00:38:43.200> it<00:38:43.599> uses 00:38:44.150 --> 00:38:44.160 align:start position:0% are typically used and then it uses 00:38:44.160 --> 00:38:46.230 align:start position:0% are typically used and then it uses those<00:38:44.560> patterns<00:38:45.040> to<00:38:45.359> construct<00:38:45.920> new 00:38:46.230 --> 00:38:46.240 align:start position:0% those patterns to construct new 00:38:46.240 --> 00:38:48.630 align:start position:0% those patterns to construct new sentences.<00:38:46.800> That's<00:38:47.040> how<00:38:47.280> generative<00:38:47.760> AI 00:38:48.630 --> 00:38:48.640 align:start position:0% sentences. That's how generative AI 00:38:48.640 --> 00:38:51.030 align:start position:0% sentences. That's how generative AI works.<00:38:49.599> And<00:38:49.839> the<00:38:50.160> reason<00:38:50.320> why<00:38:50.640> it's<00:38:50.880> so 00:38:51.030 --> 00:38:51.040 align:start position:0% works. And the reason why it's so 00:38:51.040 --> 00:38:52.870 align:start position:0% works. And the reason why it's so computationally<00:38:51.680> expensive<00:38:52.160> is<00:38:52.480> because 00:38:52.870 --> 00:38:52.880 align:start position:0% computationally expensive is because 00:38:52.880 --> 00:38:55.270 align:start position:0% computationally expensive is because it's<00:38:53.359> crunching<00:38:53.920> the<00:38:54.240> numbers<00:38:54.640> for<00:38:55.040> those 00:38:55.270 --> 00:38:55.280 align:start position:0% it's crunching the numbers for those 00:38:55.280 --> 00:38:57.829 align:start position:0% it's crunching the numbers for those patterns.<00:38:55.920> And<00:38:56.079> the<00:38:56.320> more<00:38:56.560> data<00:38:56.880> you<00:38:57.040> feed<00:38:57.280> in, 00:38:57.829 --> 00:38:57.839 align:start position:0% patterns. And the more data you feed in, 00:38:57.839 --> 00:39:01.109 align:start position:0% patterns. And the more data you feed in, the<00:38:58.000> more<00:38:58.240> it<00:38:58.480> has<00:38:58.640> to<00:38:58.800> crunch.<00:38:59.920> And<00:39:00.160> so<00:39:00.560> it<00:39:00.880> we 00:39:01.109 --> 00:39:01.119 align:start position:0% the more it has to crunch. And so it we 00:39:01.119 --> 00:39:03.670 align:start position:0% the more it has to crunch. And so it we used<00:39:01.359> to<00:39:01.599> train<00:39:01.839> these<00:39:02.079> AI<00:39:02.400> models<00:39:02.800> on<00:39:03.520> you 00:39:03.670 --> 00:39:03.680 align:start position:0% used to train these AI models on you 00:39:03.680 --> 00:39:06.310 align:start position:0% used to train these AI models on you know<00:39:03.760> a<00:39:04.000> powerful<00:39:04.400> laptop<00:39:05.359> like<00:39:05.680> maybe<00:39:06.000> one 00:39:06.310 --> 00:39:06.320 align:start position:0% know a powerful laptop like maybe one 00:39:06.320 --> 00:39:09.510 align:start position:0% know a powerful laptop like maybe one computer<00:39:06.640> chip<00:39:07.359> maybe<00:39:07.599> the<00:39:08.079> richest<00:39:08.960> labs 00:39:09.510 --> 00:39:09.520 align:start position:0% computer chip maybe the richest labs 00:39:09.520 --> 00:39:12.630 align:start position:0% computer chip maybe the richest labs academic<00:39:10.000> labs<00:39:10.320> like<00:39:10.640> MIT<00:39:11.599> they<00:39:11.839> would<00:39:12.000> be<00:39:12.480> uh 00:39:12.630 --> 00:39:12.640 align:start position:0% academic labs like MIT they would be uh 00:39:12.640 --> 00:39:15.910 align:start position:0% academic labs like MIT they would be uh training<00:39:12.960> on<00:39:13.280> a<00:39:13.520> couple<00:39:14.160> or<00:39:14.640> a<00:39:14.960> dozen<00:39:15.520> computer 00:39:15.910 --> 00:39:15.920 align:start position:0% training on a couple or a dozen computer 00:39:15.920 --> 00:39:18.950 align:start position:0% training on a couple or a dozen computer chips<00:39:16.560> and<00:39:17.200> companies<00:39:17.599> like<00:39:17.839> Google<00:39:18.720> they 00:39:18.950 --> 00:39:18.960 align:start position:0% chips and companies like Google they 00:39:18.960 --> 00:39:20.230 align:start position:0% chips and companies like Google they would<00:39:19.119> be<00:39:19.200> training<00:39:19.520> maybe<00:39:19.760> on<00:39:19.920> a<00:39:20.079> couple 00:39:20.230 --> 00:39:20.240 align:start position:0% would be training maybe on a couple 00:39:20.240 --> 00:39:22.310 align:start position:0% would be training maybe on a couple hundred<00:39:20.640> computer<00:39:20.960> chips.<00:39:21.680> We<00:39:21.920> are<00:39:22.079> now 00:39:22.310 --> 00:39:22.320 align:start position:0% hundred computer chips. We are now 00:39:22.320 --> 00:39:24.630 align:start position:0% hundred computer chips. We are now talking<00:39:22.640> about<00:39:23.200> hundreds<00:39:23.599> of<00:39:23.839> thousands<00:39:24.400> of 00:39:24.630 --> 00:39:24.640 align:start position:0% talking about hundreds of thousands of 00:39:24.640 --> 00:39:27.670 align:start position:0% talking about hundreds of thousands of computer<00:39:24.960> chips<00:39:25.280> training<00:39:25.599> a<00:39:25.920> single<00:39:26.720> model. 00:39:27.670 --> 00:39:27.680 align:start position:0% computer chips training a single model. 00:39:27.680 --> 00:39:31.109 align:start position:0% computer chips training a single model. Um<00:39:28.160> and<00:39:28.560> that<00:39:28.960> is<00:39:29.440> the<00:39:29.839> you<00:39:30.079> know<00:39:30.400> that<00:39:30.720> is<00:39:30.800> what 00:39:31.109 --> 00:39:31.119 align:start position:0% Um and that is the you know that is what 00:39:31.119 --> 00:39:34.550 align:start position:0% Um and that is the you know that is what open<00:39:31.440> AI<00:39:31.680> says<00:39:32.079> is<00:39:32.480> necessary<00:39:33.520> to<00:39:33.839> build<00:39:34.160> these 00:39:34.550 --> 00:39:34.560 align:start position:0% open AI says is necessary to build these 00:39:34.560 --> 00:39:37.109 align:start position:0% open AI says is necessary to build these technologies<00:39:35.440> and<00:39:35.760> that<00:39:36.000> is<00:39:36.079> what<00:39:36.400> deepseek 00:39:37.109 --> 00:39:37.119 align:start position:0% technologies and that is what deepseek 00:39:37.119 --> 00:39:39.910 align:start position:0% technologies and that is what deepseek proved<00:39:37.920> wrong.<00:39:38.880> So,<00:39:39.280> let<00:39:39.440> me<00:39:39.599> ask<00:39:39.760> you 00:39:39.910 --> 00:39:39.920 align:start position:0% proved wrong. So, let me ask you 00:39:39.920 --> 00:39:42.950 align:start position:0% proved wrong. So, let me ask you something,<00:39:40.240> Karen.<00:39:40.960> uh<00:39:41.119> the<00:39:41.520> latest<00:39:41.920> news<00:39:42.800> um 00:39:42.950 --> 00:39:42.960 align:start position:0% something, Karen. uh the latest news um 00:39:42.960 --> 00:39:45.109 align:start position:0% something, Karen. uh the latest news um as<00:39:43.280> you're<00:39:43.599> traveling<00:39:44.000> in<00:39:44.160> the<00:39:44.400> United<00:39:44.720> States 00:39:45.109 --> 00:39:45.119 align:start position:0% as you're traveling in the United States 00:39:45.119 --> 00:39:48.150 align:start position:0% as you're traveling in the United States before<00:39:45.359> you<00:39:45.599> go<00:39:45.760> back<00:39:45.920> to<00:39:46.079> Hong<00:39:46.320> Kong<00:39:47.440> uh<00:39:47.760> of 00:39:48.150 --> 00:39:48.160 align:start position:0% before you go back to Hong Kong uh of 00:39:48.160 --> 00:39:51.670 align:start position:0% before you go back to Hong Kong uh of Trump's<00:39:48.720> attack<00:39:49.280> on<00:39:49.680> academia,<00:39:50.880> how<00:39:51.280> this 00:39:51.670 --> 00:39:51.680 align:start position:0% Trump's attack on academia, how this 00:39:51.680 --> 00:39:55.750 align:start position:0% Trump's attack on academia, how this fits<00:39:52.079> in.<00:39:52.880> Um<00:39:53.680> how<00:39:54.000> could<00:39:54.320> Trump's<00:39:55.119> attack<00:39:55.520> on 00:39:55.750 --> 00:39:55.760 align:start position:0% fits in. Um how could Trump's attack on 00:39:55.760 --> 00:39:58.630 align:start position:0% fits in. Um how could Trump's attack on international<00:39:56.480> students<00:39:57.599> specifically 00:39:58.630 --> 00:39:58.640 align:start position:0% international students specifically 00:39:58.640 --> 00:40:01.750 align:start position:0% international students specifically targeting<00:39:59.200> the<00:39:59.520> what<00:39:59.839> more<00:40:00.000> than<00:40:00.400> 250,000<00:40:01.599> a 00:40:01.750 --> 00:40:01.760 align:start position:0% targeting the what more than 250,000 a 00:40:01.760 --> 00:40:04.230 align:start position:0% targeting the what more than 250,000 a quarter<00:40:02.079> of<00:40:02.160> a<00:40:02.320> million<00:40:03.119> Chinese<00:40:03.680> students 00:40:04.230 --> 00:40:04.240 align:start position:0% quarter of a million Chinese students 00:40:04.240 --> 00:40:07.430 align:start position:0% quarter of a million Chinese students and<00:40:04.560> revoking<00:40:05.359> their<00:40:05.760> visas<00:40:06.800> impact<00:40:07.200> the 00:40:07.430 --> 00:40:07.440 align:start position:0% and revoking their visas impact the 00:40:07.440 --> 00:40:09.589 align:start position:0% and revoking their visas impact the future<00:40:07.680> of<00:40:07.760> the<00:40:07.920> AI<00:40:08.320> industry.<00:40:08.720> But<00:40:09.040> not<00:40:09.280> just 00:40:09.589 --> 00:40:09.599 align:start position:0% future of the AI industry. But not just 00:40:09.599 --> 00:40:11.829 align:start position:0% future of the AI industry. But not just Chinese<00:40:10.079> students<00:40:10.560> because<00:40:11.119> what's<00:40:11.440> going<00:40:11.599> on 00:40:11.829 --> 00:40:11.839 align:start position:0% Chinese students because what's going on 00:40:11.839 --> 00:40:15.109 align:start position:0% Chinese students because what's going on here<00:40:12.079> now<00:40:12.480> is<00:40:13.200> terrifying<00:40:14.079> students<00:40:14.560> around 00:40:15.109 --> 00:40:15.119 align:start position:0% here now is terrifying students around 00:40:15.119 --> 00:40:17.990 align:start position:0% here now is terrifying students around the<00:40:15.440> world<00:40:16.240> and<00:40:16.560> because<00:40:16.960> labs<00:40:17.440> are<00:40:17.680> shutting 00:40:17.990 --> 00:40:18.000 align:start position:0% the world and because labs are shutting 00:40:18.000 --> 00:40:21.270 align:start position:0% the world and because labs are shutting down<00:40:18.240> in<00:40:18.640> all<00:40:18.880> kinds<00:40:19.200> of<00:40:19.359> ways<00:40:19.760> here<00:40:20.560> uh<00:40:20.880> US 00:40:21.270 --> 00:40:21.280 align:start position:0% down in all kinds of ways here uh US 00:40:21.280 --> 00:40:23.829 align:start position:0% down in all kinds of ways here uh US students<00:40:21.760> as<00:40:22.079> well<00:40:22.880> uh<00:40:23.040> deciding<00:40:23.440> to<00:40:23.680> go 00:40:23.829 --> 00:40:23.839 align:start position:0% students as well uh deciding to go 00:40:23.839 --> 00:40:25.510 align:start position:0% students as well uh deciding to go abroad. 00:40:25.510 --> 00:40:25.520 align:start position:0% abroad. 00:40:25.520 --> 00:40:28.069 align:start position:0% abroad. This<00:40:25.760> is<00:40:25.920> just<00:40:26.079> the<00:40:26.400> latest<00:40:27.359> action<00:40:27.680> that<00:40:27.920> the 00:40:28.069 --> 00:40:28.079 align:start position:0% This is just the latest action that the 00:40:28.079 --> 00:40:29.910 align:start position:0% This is just the latest action that the US<00:40:28.320> government<00:40:28.640> has<00:40:28.880> taken<00:40:29.280> over<00:40:29.520> the<00:40:29.760> last 00:40:29.910 --> 00:40:29.920 align:start position:0% US government has taken over the last 00:40:29.920 --> 00:40:33.910 align:start position:0% US government has taken over the last few<00:40:30.160> years<00:40:30.560> to<00:40:31.119> really<00:40:31.599> alienate<00:40:32.560> a<00:40:33.040> key 00:40:33.910 --> 00:40:33.920 align:start position:0% few years to really alienate a key 00:40:33.920 --> 00:40:38.310 align:start position:0% few years to really alienate a key talent<00:40:34.480> pool<00:40:35.440> for<00:40:36.160> US<00:40:36.640> innovation. 00:40:38.310 --> 00:40:38.320 align:start position:0% talent pool for US innovation. 00:40:38.320 --> 00:40:40.790 align:start position:0% talent pool for US innovation. Originally,<00:40:39.440> there<00:40:39.680> were<00:40:39.920> more<00:40:40.320> Chinese 00:40:40.790 --> 00:40:40.800 align:start position:0% Originally, there were more Chinese 00:40:40.800 --> 00:40:42.470 align:start position:0% Originally, there were more Chinese researchers<00:40:41.440> working<00:40:41.680> in<00:40:41.920> the<00:40:42.079> US 00:40:42.470 --> 00:40:42.480 align:start position:0% researchers working in the US 00:40:42.480 --> 00:40:45.829 align:start position:0% researchers working in the US contributing<00:40:42.960> to<00:40:43.280> US<00:40:43.760> AI<00:40:44.720> than<00:40:44.960> there<00:40:45.200> were<00:40:45.520> in 00:40:45.829 --> 00:40:45.839 align:start position:0% contributing to US AI than there were in 00:40:45.839 --> 00:40:48.710 align:start position:0% contributing to US AI than there were in China<00:40:46.720> because<00:40:47.763> [snorts]<00:40:47.920> just<00:40:48.160> a<00:40:48.400> few<00:40:48.480> years 00:40:48.710 --> 00:40:48.720 align:start position:0% China because [snorts] just a few years 00:40:48.720 --> 00:40:52.150 align:start position:0% China because [snorts] just a few years ago,<00:40:49.440> Chinese<00:40:50.000> researchers<00:40:50.960> aspired<00:40:51.680> to<00:40:52.000> work 00:40:52.150 --> 00:40:52.160 align:start position:0% ago, Chinese researchers aspired to work 00:40:52.160 --> 00:40:55.430 align:start position:0% ago, Chinese researchers aspired to work for<00:40:52.640> American<00:40:53.280> companies.<00:40:54.480> They<00:40:54.800> wanted<00:40:55.119> to 00:40:55.430 --> 00:40:55.440 align:start position:0% for American companies. They wanted to 00:40:55.440 --> 00:40:57.589 align:start position:0% for American companies. They wanted to move<00:40:55.599> to<00:40:55.839> the<00:40:56.079> US.<00:40:56.800> They<00:40:57.119> wanted<00:40:57.359> to 00:40:57.589 --> 00:40:57.599 align:start position:0% move to the US. They wanted to 00:40:57.599 --> 00:41:00.710 align:start position:0% move to the US. They wanted to contribute<00:40:58.400> to<00:40:58.720> the<00:40:59.040> US<00:40:59.520> economy.<00:41:00.400> They 00:41:00.710 --> 00:41:00.720 align:start position:0% contribute to the US economy. They 00:41:00.720 --> 00:41:02.950 align:start position:0% contribute to the US economy. They didn't<00:41:00.960> want<00:41:01.119> to<00:41:01.359> go<00:41:01.680> back<00:41:01.920> to<00:41:02.240> their<00:41:02.480> home 00:41:02.950 --> 00:41:02.960 align:start position:0% didn't want to go back to their home 00:41:02.960 --> 00:41:05.750 align:start position:0% didn't want to go back to their home country.<00:41:03.839> But<00:41:04.079> because<00:41:04.560> of<00:41:05.040> what<00:41:05.359> was<00:41:05.599> called 00:41:05.750 --> 00:41:05.760 align:start position:0% country. But because of what was called 00:41:05.760 --> 00:41:08.630 align:start position:0% country. But because of what was called the<00:41:06.000> China<00:41:06.319> Initiative,<00:41:06.880> which<00:41:07.119> was<00:41:07.520> the<00:41:08.160> a 00:41:08.630 --> 00:41:08.640 align:start position:0% the China Initiative, which was the a 00:41:08.640 --> 00:41:11.750 align:start position:0% the China Initiative, which was the a first<00:41:09.040> Trump<00:41:09.520> era<00:41:09.920> initiative<00:41:10.800> to<00:41:11.200> try<00:41:11.520> and 00:41:11.750 --> 00:41:11.760 align:start position:0% first Trump era initiative to try and 00:41:11.760 --> 00:41:13.750 align:start position:0% first Trump era initiative to try and criminalize<00:41:12.560> Chinese<00:41:12.960> academics<00:41:13.520> or 00:41:13.750 --> 00:41:13.760 align:start position:0% criminalize Chinese academics or 00:41:13.760 --> 00:41:15.910 align:start position:0% criminalize Chinese academics or ethnically<00:41:14.319> Chinese<00:41:14.640> academics,<00:41:15.599> some<00:41:15.839> of 00:41:15.910 --> 00:41:15.920 align:start position:0% ethnically Chinese academics, some of 00:41:15.920 --> 00:41:18.950 align:start position:0% ethnically Chinese academics, some of whom<00:41:16.240> were<00:41:16.560> actually<00:41:17.040> Americans<00:41:18.240> um<00:41:18.480> based<00:41:18.800> on 00:41:18.950 --> 00:41:18.960 align:start position:0% whom were actually Americans um based on 00:41:18.960 --> 00:41:21.910 align:start position:0% whom were actually Americans um based on just<00:41:19.440> paperwork<00:41:20.160> errors.<00:41:20.880> They<00:41:21.200> would<00:41:21.520> accuse 00:41:21.910 --> 00:41:21.920 align:start position:0% just paperwork errors. They would accuse 00:41:21.920 --> 00:41:24.470 align:start position:0% just paperwork errors. They would accuse them<00:41:22.160> of<00:41:22.480> being<00:41:22.720> spies.<00:41:23.599> That<00:41:23.920> was<00:41:24.000> one<00:41:24.240> of<00:41:24.319> the 00:41:24.470 --> 00:41:24.480 align:start position:0% them of being spies. That was one of the 00:41:24.480 --> 00:41:26.470 align:start position:0% them of being spies. That was one of the first<00:41:24.640> actions.<00:41:25.520> Then<00:41:25.920> of<00:41:26.079> course<00:41:26.240> the 00:41:26.470 --> 00:41:26.480 align:start position:0% first actions. Then of course the 00:41:26.480 --> 00:41:28.309 align:start position:0% first actions. Then of course the pandemic<00:41:26.880> happened<00:41:27.119> and<00:41:27.359> the<00:41:27.440> USChina<00:41:28.000> trade 00:41:28.309 --> 00:41:28.319 align:start position:0% pandemic happened and the USChina trade 00:41:28.319 --> 00:41:30.790 align:start position:0% pandemic happened and the USChina trade escalations<00:41:29.520> started<00:41:30.000> amplifying 00:41:30.790 --> 00:41:30.800 align:start position:0% escalations started amplifying 00:41:30.800 --> 00:41:34.710 align:start position:0% escalations started amplifying anti-Chinese<00:41:31.839> rhetoric.<00:41:32.880> All<00:41:33.040> of<00:41:33.280> these<00:41:33.920> led 00:41:34.710 --> 00:41:34.720 align:start position:0% anti-Chinese rhetoric. All of these led 00:41:34.720 --> 00:41:37.030 align:start position:0% anti-Chinese rhetoric. All of these led and<00:41:34.960> now<00:41:35.200> with<00:41:35.440> the<00:41:35.680> potential<00:41:36.400> ban<00:41:36.800> on 00:41:37.030 --> 00:41:37.040 align:start position:0% and now with the potential ban on 00:41:37.040 --> 00:41:39.589 align:start position:0% and now with the potential ban on international<00:41:37.599> students.<00:41:38.720> All<00:41:38.960> of<00:41:39.040> these 00:41:39.589 --> 00:41:39.599 align:start position:0% international students. All of these 00:41:39.599 --> 00:41:41.750 align:start position:0% international students. All of these have<00:41:39.839> led<00:41:40.640> more<00:41:40.880> and<00:41:41.119> more<00:41:41.359> Chinese 00:41:41.750 --> 00:41:41.760 align:start position:0% have led more and more Chinese 00:41:41.760 --> 00:41:44.790 align:start position:0% have led more and more Chinese researchers<00:41:42.319> to<00:41:42.720> just<00:41:43.200> opt<00:41:43.599> for<00:41:44.000> staying<00:41:44.480> at 00:41:44.790 --> 00:41:44.800 align:start position:0% researchers to just opt for staying at 00:41:44.800 --> 00:41:47.589 align:start position:0% researchers to just opt for staying at home<00:41:45.599> and<00:41:45.920> contributing<00:41:46.480> to<00:41:46.640> the<00:41:46.880> Chinese<00:41:47.280> AI 00:41:47.589 --> 00:41:47.599 align:start position:0% home and contributing to the Chinese AI 00:41:47.599 --> 00:41:51.109 align:start position:0% home and contributing to the Chinese AI ecosystem.<00:41:48.560> And<00:41:48.960> this<00:41:49.359> was<00:41:49.599> a<00:41:49.920> prerequisite 00:41:51.109 --> 00:41:51.119 align:start position:0% ecosystem. And this was a prerequisite 00:41:51.119 --> 00:41:54.309 align:start position:0% ecosystem. And this was a prerequisite to<00:41:51.520> High-fly<00:41:52.240> pulling<00:41:52.640> off<00:41:52.880> Deepseek.<00:41:54.000> If 00:41:54.309 --> 00:41:54.319 align:start position:0% to High-fly pulling off Deepseek. If 00:41:54.319 --> 00:41:56.790 align:start position:0% to High-fly pulling off Deepseek. If there<00:41:54.560> had<00:41:54.880> not<00:41:55.200> been<00:41:55.599> that<00:41:56.160> concentration 00:41:56.790 --> 00:41:56.800 align:start position:0% there had not been that concentration 00:41:56.800 --> 00:42:00.790 align:start position:0% there had not been that concentration and<00:41:57.119> buildup<00:41:57.680> of<00:41:58.079> AI<00:41:58.480> talent<00:41:58.960> in<00:41:59.359> China,<00:42:00.400> they 00:42:00.790 --> 00:42:00.800 align:start position:0% and buildup of AI talent in China, they 00:42:00.800 --> 00:42:03.270 align:start position:0% and buildup of AI talent in China, they probably<00:42:01.599> would<00:42:01.920> have<00:42:02.079> had<00:42:02.319> a<00:42:02.560> much<00:42:02.800> harder 00:42:03.270 --> 00:42:03.280 align:start position:0% probably would have had a much harder 00:42:03.280 --> 00:42:07.349 align:start position:0% probably would have had a much harder time<00:42:04.079> innovating<00:42:05.040> around<00:42:06.160> circumventing 00:42:07.349 --> 00:42:07.359 align:start position:0% time innovating around circumventing 00:42:07.359 --> 00:42:09.349 align:start position:0% time innovating around circumventing these<00:42:07.839> export<00:42:08.400> controls<00:42:08.800> that<00:42:08.960> the<00:42:09.119> US 00:42:09.349 --> 00:42:09.359 align:start position:0% these export controls that the US 00:42:09.359 --> 00:42:11.030 align:start position:0% these export controls that the US government<00:42:09.599> was<00:42:09.760> imposing<00:42:10.160> on<00:42:10.319> them.<00:42:10.880> But 00:42:11.030 --> 00:42:11.040 align:start position:0% government was imposing on them. But 00:42:11.040 --> 00:42:13.829 align:start position:0% government was imposing on them. But because<00:42:11.680> they<00:42:12.079> now<00:42:12.400> have<00:42:13.119> a<00:42:13.520> high 00:42:13.829 --> 00:42:13.839 align:start position:0% because they now have a high 00:42:13.839 --> 00:42:17.109 align:start position:0% because they now have a high concentration<00:42:14.640> of<00:42:15.040> top<00:42:15.520> talent,<00:42:16.560> some<00:42:16.800> of<00:42:16.880> the 00:42:17.109 --> 00:42:17.119 align:start position:0% concentration of top talent, some of the 00:42:17.119 --> 00:42:19.750 align:start position:0% concentration of top talent, some of the top<00:42:17.520> talent<00:42:18.160> globally, 00:42:19.750 --> 00:42:19.760 align:start position:0% top talent globally, 00:42:19.760 --> 00:42:21.670 align:start position:0% top talent globally, when<00:42:20.079> those<00:42:20.400> restrictions<00:42:20.960> were<00:42:21.200> imposed, 00:42:21.670 --> 00:42:21.680 align:start position:0% when those restrictions were imposed, 00:42:21.680 --> 00:42:24.390 align:start position:0% when those restrictions were imposed, they<00:42:22.000> were<00:42:22.160> able<00:42:22.480> to<00:42:22.800> innovate<00:42:23.520> around<00:42:24.000> them. 00:42:24.390 --> 00:42:24.400 align:start position:0% they were able to innovate around them. 00:42:24.400 --> 00:42:26.950 align:start position:0% they were able to innovate around them. So<00:42:24.880> Deepseek<00:42:25.520> is<00:42:25.680> literally<00:42:26.160> a<00:42:26.480> product<00:42:26.720> of 00:42:26.950 --> 00:42:26.960 align:start position:0% So Deepseek is literally a product of 00:42:26.960 --> 00:42:29.829 align:start position:0% So Deepseek is literally a product of this<00:42:27.200> continuation<00:42:27.839> of<00:42:28.079> that<00:42:28.319> alienation<00:42:29.520> and 00:42:29.829 --> 00:42:29.839 align:start position:0% this continuation of that alienation and 00:42:29.839 --> 00:42:31.670 align:start position:0% this continuation of that alienation and with<00:42:30.160> the<00:42:30.319> US<00:42:30.640> continuing<00:42:31.040> to<00:42:31.280> take<00:42:31.440> this 00:42:31.670 --> 00:42:31.680 align:start position:0% with the US continuing to take this 00:42:31.680 --> 00:42:33.990 align:start position:0% with the US continuing to take this stance,<00:42:32.160> it<00:42:32.319> is<00:42:32.480> just<00:42:32.800> going<00:42:32.960> to<00:42:33.119> get<00:42:33.599> worse. 00:42:33.990 --> 00:42:34.000 align:start position:0% stance, it is just going to get worse. 00:42:34.000 --> 00:42:35.510 align:start position:0% stance, it is just going to get worse. And<00:42:34.160> as<00:42:34.319> you<00:42:34.480> mentioned,<00:42:34.800> it's<00:42:35.119> not<00:42:35.280> just 00:42:35.510 --> 00:42:35.520 align:start position:0% And as you mentioned, it's not just 00:42:35.520 --> 00:42:38.150 align:start position:0% And as you mentioned, it's not just Chinese<00:42:35.920> researchers.<00:42:36.800> I<00:42:37.359> literally<00:42:37.839> just 00:42:38.150 --> 00:42:38.160 align:start position:0% Chinese researchers. I literally just 00:42:38.160 --> 00:42:40.870 align:start position:0% Chinese researchers. I literally just talked<00:42:38.400> to<00:42:38.960> a<00:42:39.200> friend<00:42:39.440> in<00:42:39.760> academia<00:42:40.400> that<00:42:40.720> said 00:42:40.870 --> 00:42:40.880 align:start position:0% talked to a friend in academia that said 00:42:40.880 --> 00:42:43.030 align:start position:0% talked to a friend in academia that said she's<00:42:41.200> considering<00:42:41.680> going<00:42:41.920> to<00:42:42.160> Europe<00:42:42.480> now 00:42:43.030 --> 00:42:43.040 align:start position:0% she's considering going to Europe now 00:42:43.040 --> 00:42:45.670 align:start position:0% she's considering going to Europe now because<00:42:43.359> she<00:42:43.760> just<00:42:44.079> cannot<00:42:44.640> survive<00:42:45.280> without 00:42:45.670 --> 00:42:45.680 align:start position:0% because she just cannot survive without 00:42:45.680 --> 00:42:48.550 align:start position:0% because she just cannot survive without that<00:42:46.000> public<00:42:46.400> funding.<00:42:47.119> And<00:42:47.520> Europe<00:42:48.000> European 00:42:48.550 --> 00:42:48.560 align:start position:0% that public funding. And Europe European 00:42:48.560 --> 00:42:49.910 align:start position:0% that public funding. And Europe European countries<00:42:48.960> are<00:42:49.119> seeing<00:42:49.359> a<00:42:49.599> critical 00:42:49.910 --> 00:42:49.920 align:start position:0% countries are seeing a critical 00:42:49.920 --> 00:42:52.390 align:start position:0% countries are seeing a critical opportunity<00:42:50.800> offering<00:42:51.280> milliondoll 00:42:52.390 --> 00:42:52.400 align:start position:0% opportunity offering milliondoll 00:42:52.400 --> 00:42:54.710 align:start position:0% opportunity offering milliondoll packages.<00:42:53.280> Come<00:42:53.520> here,<00:42:54.079> we'll<00:42:54.319> give<00:42:54.400> you<00:42:54.560> a 00:42:54.710 --> 00:42:54.720 align:start position:0% packages. Come here, we'll give you a 00:42:54.720 --> 00:42:56.390 align:start position:0% packages. Come here, we'll give you a lab.<00:42:55.119> We'll<00:42:55.359> give<00:42:55.440> you<00:42:55.599> millions<00:42:55.920> of<00:42:56.079> dollars 00:42:56.390 --> 00:42:56.400 align:start position:0% lab. We'll give you millions of dollars 00:42:56.400 --> 00:42:59.589 align:start position:0% lab. We'll give you millions of dollars of<00:42:56.640> funding.<00:42:57.280> I<00:42:57.520> mean<00:42:57.760> this<00:42:58.000> is<00:42:58.319> the<00:42:59.119> fastest 00:42:59.589 --> 00:42:59.599 align:start position:0% of funding. I mean this is the fastest 00:42:59.599 --> 00:43:01.349 align:start position:0% of funding. I mean this is the fastest way<00:42:59.839> to<00:43:00.079> brain<00:43:00.400> drain<00:43:00.720> this<00:43:00.880> country. 00:43:01.349 --> 00:43:01.359 align:start position:0% way to brain drain this country. 00:43:01.359 --> 00:43:04.069 align:start position:0% way to brain drain this country. >> I<00:43:01.599> mean<00:43:01.760> what<00:43:02.000> many<00:43:02.319> are<00:43:02.560> saying<00:43:03.040> US's<00:43:03.680> brain 00:43:04.069 --> 00:43:04.079 align:start position:0% >> I mean what many are saying US's brain 00:43:04.079 --> 00:43:06.870 align:start position:0% >> I mean what many are saying US's brain drain<00:43:04.560> is<00:43:04.880> their<00:43:05.200> brain<00:43:05.599> gain.<00:43:06.319> Yes. 00:43:06.870 --> 00:43:06.880 align:start position:0% drain is their brain gain. Yes. 00:43:06.880 --> 00:43:09.829 align:start position:0% drain is their brain gain. Yes. >> And<00:43:07.119> this<00:43:07.359> also<00:43:08.000> reminds<00:43:08.400> us<00:43:08.560> of<00:43:08.800> history.<00:43:09.520> You 00:43:09.829 --> 00:43:09.839 align:start position:0% >> And this also reminds us of history. You 00:43:09.839 --> 00:43:13.510 align:start position:0% >> And this also reminds us of history. You have<00:43:11.040> the<00:43:11.359> Chinese<00:43:11.839> rocket<00:43:12.319> scientist<00:43:12.960> Chen 00:43:13.510 --> 00:43:13.520 align:start position:0% have the Chinese rocket scientist Chen 00:43:13.520 --> 00:43:18.470 align:start position:0% have the Chinese rocket scientist Chen Shuen<00:43:14.800> who<00:43:15.119> in<00:43:15.359> the<00:43:15.520> 1950s<00:43:16.800> was<00:43:17.280> inexplicably 00:43:18.470 --> 00:43:18.480 align:start position:0% Shuen who in the 1950s was inexplicably 00:43:18.480 --> 00:43:20.550 align:start position:0% Shuen who in the 1950s was inexplicably held<00:43:18.880> under<00:43:19.200> house<00:43:19.520> arrest<00:43:19.839> for<00:43:20.079> years<00:43:20.400> and 00:43:20.550 --> 00:43:20.560 align:start position:0% held under house arrest for years and 00:43:20.560 --> 00:43:22.710 align:start position:0% held under house arrest for years and then<00:43:20.800> Eisenhower<00:43:21.599> has<00:43:21.839> him<00:43:22.079> deported<00:43:22.560> to 00:43:22.710 --> 00:43:22.720 align:start position:0% then Eisenhower has him deported to 00:43:22.720 --> 00:43:25.270 align:start position:0% then Eisenhower has him deported to China.<00:43:23.119> He<00:43:23.280> becomes<00:43:23.520> the<00:43:23.839> father<00:43:24.560> of<00:43:24.800> rocket 00:43:25.270 --> 00:43:25.280 align:start position:0% China. He becomes the father of rocket 00:43:25.280 --> 00:43:28.790 align:start position:0% China. He becomes the father of rocket science<00:43:25.839> and<00:43:26.560> uh<00:43:26.720> China's<00:43:27.200> entry<00:43:27.680> into<00:43:28.079> space. 00:43:28.790 --> 00:43:28.800 align:start position:0% science and uh China's entry into space. 00:43:28.800 --> 00:43:30.950 align:start position:0% science and uh China's entry into space. And<00:43:28.960> he<00:43:29.119> said<00:43:29.280> he<00:43:29.520> would<00:43:29.680> never<00:43:30.000> again<00:43:30.640> step 00:43:30.950 --> 00:43:30.960 align:start position:0% And he said he would never again step 00:43:30.960 --> 00:43:32.870 align:start position:0% And he said he would never again step foot<00:43:31.280> into<00:43:31.520> the<00:43:31.760> United<00:43:32.079> States<00:43:32.480> even<00:43:32.720> though 00:43:32.870 --> 00:43:32.880 align:start position:0% foot into the United States even though 00:43:32.880 --> 00:43:34.390 align:start position:0% foot into the United States even though originally<00:43:33.359> that<00:43:33.599> was<00:43:33.680> the<00:43:33.839> only<00:43:34.000> place<00:43:34.160> he 00:43:34.390 --> 00:43:34.400 align:start position:0% originally that was the only place he 00:43:34.400 --> 00:43:35.190 align:start position:0% originally that was the only place he wanted<00:43:34.560> to<00:43:34.800> live. 00:43:35.190 --> 00:43:35.200 align:start position:0% wanted to live. 00:43:35.200 --> 00:43:37.430 align:start position:0% wanted to live. >> Yes.<00:43:35.520> And<00:43:35.680> there<00:43:35.920> was<00:43:36.000> a<00:43:36.720> I<00:43:37.040> believe<00:43:37.200> a 00:43:37.430 --> 00:43:37.440 align:start position:0% >> Yes. And there was a I believe a 00:43:37.440 --> 00:43:39.430 align:start position:0% >> Yes. And there was a I believe a government<00:43:37.680> official,<00:43:38.560> a<00:43:38.800> US<00:43:39.119> government 00:43:39.430 --> 00:43:39.440 align:start position:0% government official, a US government 00:43:39.440 --> 00:43:41.910 align:start position:0% government official, a US government official<00:43:39.839> who<00:43:40.160> said<00:43:40.480> that<00:43:40.720> was<00:43:40.960> the<00:43:41.359> dumbest 00:43:41.910 --> 00:43:41.920 align:start position:0% official who said that was the dumbest 00:43:41.920 --> 00:43:45.430 align:start position:0% official who said that was the dumbest mistake<00:43:42.400> the<00:43:42.720> US<00:43:43.280> ever<00:43:43.760> made. 00:43:45.430 --> 00:43:45.440 align:start position:0% mistake the US ever made. 00:43:45.440 --> 00:43:48.230 align:start position:0% mistake the US ever made. >> Um<00:43:46.240> you<00:43:46.640> we<00:43:46.880> talk<00:43:47.040> about<00:43:47.200> the<00:43:47.440> brain<00:43:47.760> drain<00:43:48.079> and 00:43:48.230 --> 00:43:48.240 align:start position:0% >> Um you we talk about the brain drain and 00:43:48.240 --> 00:43:50.790 align:start position:0% >> Um you we talk about the brain drain and the<00:43:48.480> brain<00:43:48.800> gain.<00:43:49.280> Okay.<00:43:49.680> Again,<00:43:50.240> uh<00:43:50.640> some 00:43:50.790 --> 00:43:50.800 align:start position:0% the brain gain. Okay. Again, uh some 00:43:50.800 --> 00:43:53.030 align:start position:0% the brain gain. Okay. Again, uh some more<00:43:51.040> rhyming,<00:43:51.680> the<00:43:51.839> doomers<00:43:52.560> and<00:43:52.800> the 00:43:53.030 --> 00:43:53.040 align:start position:0% more rhyming, the doomers and the 00:43:53.040 --> 00:43:56.630 align:start position:0% more rhyming, the doomers and the boomers.<00:43:54.079> Um,<00:43:54.640> I<00:43:54.960> want<00:43:55.040> to<00:43:55.200> talk<00:43:55.440> about<00:43:56.160> what 00:43:56.630 --> 00:43:56.640 align:start position:0% boomers. Um, I want to talk about what 00:43:56.640 --> 00:43:59.990 align:start position:0% boomers. Um, I want to talk about what an<00:43:56.960> AI<00:43:58.000> apocalypse<00:43:58.800> looks<00:43:59.119> like,<00:43:59.440> meaning<00:43:59.760> how 00:43:59.990 --> 00:44:00.000 align:start position:0% an AI apocalypse looks like, meaning how 00:44:00.000 --> 00:44:04.550 align:start position:0% an AI apocalypse looks like, meaning how it<00:44:00.240> brings<00:44:00.560> us<00:44:00.880> to<00:44:01.599> apocalypse,<00:44:02.400> but<00:44:02.720> also<00:44:04.000> um 00:44:04.550 --> 00:44:04.560 align:start position:0% it brings us to apocalypse, but also um 00:44:04.560 --> 00:44:08.150 align:start position:0% it brings us to apocalypse, but also um how<00:44:05.440> uh<00:44:05.760> people<00:44:06.160> say<00:44:06.640> it<00:44:06.880> could<00:44:07.200> lead<00:44:07.440> us<00:44:07.680> to<00:44:07.839> a 00:44:08.150 --> 00:44:08.160 align:start position:0% how uh people say it could lead us to a 00:44:08.160 --> 00:44:11.109 align:start position:0% how uh people say it could lead us to a utopia.<00:44:08.880> What<00:44:09.040> are<00:44:09.200> the<00:44:09.440> two<00:44:10.400> tracks 00:44:11.109 --> 00:44:11.119 align:start position:0% utopia. What are the two tracks 00:44:11.119 --> 00:44:13.349 align:start position:0% utopia. What are the two tracks trajectories? 00:44:13.349 --> 00:44:13.359 align:start position:0% trajectories? 00:44:13.359 --> 00:44:15.510 align:start position:0% trajectories? >> It's<00:44:13.599> a<00:44:13.839> great<00:44:14.000> question<00:44:14.240> and<00:44:14.480> I<00:44:14.720> ask<00:44:15.119> boomers 00:44:15.510 --> 00:44:15.520 align:start position:0% >> It's a great question and I ask boomers 00:44:15.520 --> 00:44:17.190 align:start position:0% >> It's a great question and I ask boomers and<00:44:15.680> doomers<00:44:16.079> this<00:44:16.240> all<00:44:16.400> the<00:44:16.480> time.<00:44:16.800> Can<00:44:16.960> you 00:44:17.190 --> 00:44:17.200 align:start position:0% and doomers this all the time. Can you 00:44:17.200 --> 00:44:19.670 align:start position:0% and doomers this all the time. Can you articulate<00:44:17.760> to<00:44:17.920> me<00:44:18.480> exactly<00:44:19.040> how<00:44:19.280> we<00:44:19.520> get 00:44:19.670 --> 00:44:19.680 align:start position:0% articulate to me exactly how we get 00:44:19.680 --> 00:44:21.190 align:start position:0% articulate to me exactly how we get there?<00:44:20.000> And<00:44:20.240> the<00:44:20.400> issue<00:44:20.640> is<00:44:20.800> that<00:44:20.960> they 00:44:21.190 --> 00:44:21.200 align:start position:0% there? And the issue is that they 00:44:21.200 --> 00:44:23.349 align:start position:0% there? And the issue is that they cannot.<00:44:21.599> And<00:44:21.839> this<00:44:22.000> is<00:44:22.160> why<00:44:22.319> I<00:44:22.560> call<00:44:22.640> it<00:44:22.880> quasi 00:44:23.349 --> 00:44:23.359 align:start position:0% cannot. And this is why I call it quasi 00:44:23.359 --> 00:44:25.990 align:start position:0% cannot. And this is why I call it quasi religious.<00:44:24.400> It<00:44:24.640> really<00:44:24.880> is<00:44:25.040> based<00:44:25.280> on<00:44:25.520> belief. 00:44:25.990 --> 00:44:26.000 align:start position:0% religious. It really is based on belief. 00:44:26.000 --> 00:44:27.109 align:start position:0% religious. It really is based on belief. I<00:44:26.160> mean,<00:44:26.319> I<00:44:26.480> was<00:44:26.560> talking<00:44:26.800> with<00:44:26.960> one 00:44:27.109 --> 00:44:27.119 align:start position:0% I mean, I was talking with one 00:44:27.119 --> 00:44:30.069 align:start position:0% I mean, I was talking with one researcher<00:44:27.599> who<00:44:28.640> identified<00:44:29.040> as<00:44:29.119> a<00:44:29.280> boomer. 00:44:30.069 --> 00:44:30.079 align:start position:0% researcher who identified as a boomer. 00:44:30.079 --> 00:44:32.870 align:start position:0% researcher who identified as a boomer. And<00:44:30.319> I<00:44:30.560> said,<00:44:31.520> you<00:44:31.680> know,<00:44:31.839> he<00:44:32.000> his<00:44:32.240> his<00:44:32.560> eyes 00:44:32.870 --> 00:44:32.880 align:start position:0% And I said, you know, he his his eyes 00:44:32.880 --> 00:44:34.790 align:start position:0% And I said, you know, he his his eyes were<00:44:33.040> wide<00:44:33.359> and<00:44:33.599> he<00:44:33.760> he<00:44:34.160> really<00:44:34.319> lit<00:44:34.560> up 00:44:34.790 --> 00:44:34.800 align:start position:0% were wide and he he really lit up 00:44:34.800 --> 00:44:36.550 align:start position:0% were wide and he he really lit up saying,<00:44:35.119> you<00:44:35.200> know,<00:44:35.359> once<00:44:35.520> we<00:44:35.680> get<00:44:35.760> to<00:44:35.920> AGI, 00:44:36.550 --> 00:44:36.560 align:start position:0% saying, you know, once we get to AGI, 00:44:36.560 --> 00:44:39.349 align:start position:0% saying, you know, once we get to AGI, game<00:44:36.800> over.<00:44:37.200> Everything<00:44:37.680> becomes<00:44:38.240> perfect. 00:44:39.349 --> 00:44:39.359 align:start position:0% game over. Everything becomes perfect. 00:44:39.359 --> 00:44:42.069 align:start position:0% game over. Everything becomes perfect. And<00:44:39.839> I<00:44:40.400> asked<00:44:40.640> him,<00:44:40.880> I<00:44:41.040> was<00:44:41.119> like,<00:44:41.760> can<00:44:41.920> you 00:44:42.069 --> 00:44:42.079 align:start position:0% And I asked him, I was like, can you 00:44:42.079 --> 00:44:44.470 align:start position:0% And I asked him, I was like, can you explain<00:44:42.319> to<00:44:42.560> me<00:44:42.720> how<00:44:42.960> does<00:44:43.119> AGI<00:44:43.920> feed<00:44:44.240> people 00:44:44.470 --> 00:44:44.480 align:start position:0% explain to me how does AGI feed people 00:44:44.480 --> 00:44:46.470 align:start position:0% explain to me how does AGI feed people that<00:44:44.720> haven't<00:44:45.599> don't<00:44:45.839> have<00:44:46.000> food<00:44:46.160> on<00:44:46.319> the 00:44:46.470 --> 00:44:46.480 align:start position:0% that haven't don't have food on the 00:44:46.480 --> 00:44:49.750 align:start position:0% that haven't don't have food on the table<00:44:46.720> right<00:44:46.880> now?<00:44:47.200> And<00:44:47.359> he<00:44:47.520> was<00:44:47.680> like,<00:44:48.720> "Oh, 00:44:49.750 --> 00:44:49.760 align:start position:0% table right now? And he was like, "Oh, 00:44:49.760 --> 00:44:51.670 align:start position:0% table right now? And he was like, "Oh, you're<00:44:50.079> talking<00:44:50.319> about<00:44:50.560> like<00:44:50.720> the<00:44:51.119> floor 00:44:51.670 --> 00:44:51.680 align:start position:0% you're talking about like the floor 00:44:51.680 --> 00:44:54.790 align:start position:0% you're talking about like the floor floor<00:44:53.119> and<00:44:53.440> how<00:44:53.599> to<00:44:53.760> elevate<00:44:54.240> their<00:44:54.480> quality 00:44:54.790 --> 00:44:54.800 align:start position:0% floor and how to elevate their quality 00:44:54.800 --> 00:44:56.710 align:start position:0% floor and how to elevate their quality of<00:44:54.960> life."<00:44:55.200> And<00:44:55.280> I<00:44:55.440> was<00:44:55.599> like,<00:44:55.760> "Yes,<00:44:56.400> because 00:44:56.710 --> 00:44:56.720 align:start position:0% of life." And I was like, "Yes, because 00:44:56.720 --> 00:44:59.670 align:start position:0% of life." And I was like, "Yes, because they<00:44:56.960> are<00:44:57.119> also<00:44:57.520> part<00:44:57.760> of<00:44:58.160> all<00:44:58.400> of<00:44:58.560> humanity." 00:44:59.670 --> 00:44:59.680 align:start position:0% they are also part of all of humanity." 00:44:59.680 --> 00:45:01.430 align:start position:0% they are also part of all of humanity." And<00:44:59.920> he<00:45:00.160> was<00:45:00.240> like,<00:45:00.480> "I'm<00:45:00.960> not<00:45:01.119> really<00:45:01.280> sure 00:45:01.430 --> 00:45:01.440 align:start position:0% And he was like, "I'm not really sure 00:45:01.440 --> 00:45:02.790 align:start position:0% And he was like, "I'm not really sure how<00:45:01.599> that<00:45:01.839> would<00:45:02.000> happen,<00:45:02.160> but<00:45:02.400> I<00:45:02.560> think<00:45:02.640> it 00:45:02.790 --> 00:45:02.800 align:start position:0% how that would happen, but I think it 00:45:02.800 --> 00:45:04.630 align:start position:0% how that would happen, but I think it could<00:45:03.200> it<00:45:03.440> could<00:45:03.520> help<00:45:03.680> the<00:45:03.920> middle<00:45:04.079> class<00:45:04.400> get 00:45:04.630 --> 00:45:04.640 align:start position:0% could it could help the middle class get 00:45:04.640 --> 00:45:07.430 align:start position:0% could it could help the middle class get more<00:45:04.880> economic<00:45:06.000> opportunity."<00:45:07.040> And<00:45:07.200> I<00:45:07.359> was 00:45:07.430 --> 00:45:07.440 align:start position:0% more economic opportunity." And I was 00:45:07.440 --> 00:45:08.790 align:start position:0% more economic opportunity." And I was like,<00:45:07.520> "Okay,<00:45:07.839> but<00:45:08.000> how<00:45:08.160> does<00:45:08.319> that<00:45:08.480> happen<00:45:08.640> as 00:45:08.790 --> 00:45:08.800 align:start position:0% like, "Okay, but how does that happen as 00:45:08.800 --> 00:45:09.910 align:start position:0% like, "Okay, but how does that happen as well?"<00:45:09.040> And<00:45:09.119> he<00:45:09.200> was<00:45:09.280> like,<00:45:09.359> "Well,<00:45:09.680> once 00:45:09.910 --> 00:45:09.920 align:start position:0% well?" And he was like, "Well, once 00:45:09.920 --> 00:45:11.829 align:start position:0% well?" And he was like, "Well, once these<00:45:10.079> come<00:45:10.319> once<00:45:10.560> we<00:45:10.720> have<00:45:10.880> AGI<00:45:11.359> and<00:45:11.440> it<00:45:11.680> can 00:45:11.829 --> 00:45:11.839 align:start position:0% these come once we have AGI and it can 00:45:11.839 --> 00:45:14.230 align:start position:0% these come once we have AGI and it can just<00:45:12.079> create<00:45:13.040> trillions<00:45:13.599> of<00:45:13.760> dollars<00:45:14.079> of 00:45:14.230 --> 00:45:14.240 align:start position:0% just create trillions of dollars of 00:45:14.240 --> 00:45:15.829 align:start position:0% just create trillions of dollars of economic<00:45:14.720> value,<00:45:15.119> we<00:45:15.280> can<00:45:15.359> just<00:45:15.520> give<00:45:15.680> them 00:45:15.829 --> 00:45:15.839 align:start position:0% economic value, we can just give them 00:45:15.839 --> 00:45:17.829 align:start position:0% economic value, we can just give them cash<00:45:16.160> payouts."<00:45:17.040> And<00:45:17.200> I<00:45:17.280> was<00:45:17.440> like,<00:45:17.599> who's 00:45:17.829 --> 00:45:17.839 align:start position:0% cash payouts." And I was like, who's 00:45:17.839 --> 00:45:19.109 align:start position:0% cash payouts." And I was like, who's giving<00:45:18.079> them<00:45:18.240> cash<00:45:18.480> payouts?<00:45:18.960> What 00:45:19.109 --> 00:45:19.119 align:start position:0% giving them cash payouts? What 00:45:19.119 --> 00:45:20.550 align:start position:0% giving them cash payouts? What institutions<00:45:19.520> are<00:45:19.680> giving<00:45:19.920> them?<00:45:20.240> You<00:45:20.400> know, 00:45:20.550 --> 00:45:20.560 align:start position:0% institutions are giving them? You know, 00:45:20.560 --> 00:45:22.710 align:start position:0% institutions are giving them? You know, like<00:45:20.720> it<00:45:20.960> it<00:45:21.280> doesn't<00:45:21.760> when<00:45:22.079> you<00:45:22.319> actually 00:45:22.710 --> 00:45:22.720 align:start position:0% like it it doesn't when you actually 00:45:22.720 --> 00:45:25.430 align:start position:0% like it it doesn't when you actually test<00:45:23.040> their<00:45:23.280> logic,<00:45:23.920> it<00:45:24.240> doesn't<00:45:24.640> really 00:45:25.430 --> 00:45:25.440 align:start position:0% test their logic, it doesn't really 00:45:25.440 --> 00:45:28.309 align:start position:0% test their logic, it doesn't really hold.<00:45:26.560> And<00:45:26.800> with<00:45:27.040> the<00:45:27.200> doomers,<00:45:27.760> I<00:45:28.000> mean,<00:45:28.079> it's 00:45:28.309 --> 00:45:28.319 align:start position:0% hold. And with the doomers, I mean, it's 00:45:28.319 --> 00:45:32.309 align:start position:0% hold. And with the doomers, I mean, it's the<00:45:28.560> same<00:45:28.720> thing.<00:45:29.040> like<00:45:29.359> their<00:45:29.680> belief<00:45:30.880> is 00:45:32.309 --> 00:45:32.319 align:start position:0% the same thing. like their belief is 00:45:32.319 --> 00:45:33.910 align:start position:0% the same thing. like their belief is ultimately 00:45:33.910 --> 00:45:33.920 align:start position:0% ultimately 00:45:33.920 --> 00:45:35.430 align:start position:0% ultimately what<00:45:34.160> I<00:45:34.319> realized<00:45:34.560> when<00:45:34.800> reporting<00:45:35.119> on<00:45:35.280> the 00:45:35.430 --> 00:45:35.440 align:start position:0% what I realized when reporting on the 00:45:35.440 --> 00:45:37.910 align:start position:0% what I realized when reporting on the book<00:45:35.599> is<00:45:36.319> they<00:45:36.560> believe<00:45:36.800> AGI<00:45:37.359> is<00:45:37.520> possible 00:45:37.910 --> 00:45:37.920 align:start position:0% book is they believe AGI is possible 00:45:37.920 --> 00:45:39.750 align:start position:0% book is they believe AGI is possible because<00:45:38.240> of<00:45:38.400> their<00:45:38.720> belief<00:45:38.960> of<00:45:39.119> how<00:45:39.280> the<00:45:39.520> human 00:45:39.750 --> 00:45:39.760 align:start position:0% because of their belief of how the human 00:45:39.760 --> 00:45:41.750 align:start position:0% because of their belief of how the human brain<00:45:40.240> works.<00:45:40.800> They<00:45:41.040> believe<00:45:41.440> human 00:45:41.750 --> 00:45:41.760 align:start position:0% brain works. They believe human 00:45:41.760 --> 00:45:44.230 align:start position:0% brain works. They believe human intelligence<00:45:42.319> is<00:45:42.640> inherently<00:45:43.760> fully 00:45:44.230 --> 00:45:44.240 align:start position:0% intelligence is inherently fully 00:45:44.240 --> 00:45:46.470 align:start position:0% intelligence is inherently fully computational.<00:45:45.440> So<00:45:45.680> if<00:45:45.920> you<00:45:46.079> have<00:45:46.240> enough 00:45:46.470 --> 00:45:46.480 align:start position:0% computational. So if you have enough 00:45:46.480 --> 00:45:48.550 align:start position:0% computational. So if you have enough data<00:45:46.720> and<00:45:46.960> you<00:45:47.119> have<00:45:47.200> enough<00:45:47.520> computational 00:45:48.550 --> 00:45:48.560 align:start position:0% data and you have enough computational 00:45:48.560 --> 00:45:51.190 align:start position:0% data and you have enough computational resources,<00:45:49.520> you<00:45:49.760> will<00:45:50.000> inevitably<00:45:50.800> be<00:45:50.960> able 00:45:51.190 --> 00:45:51.200 align:start position:0% resources, you will inevitably be able 00:45:51.200 --> 00:45:53.030 align:start position:0% resources, you will inevitably be able to<00:45:51.359> recreate<00:45:52.000> human<00:45:52.319> intelligence.<00:45:52.880> It's 00:45:53.030 --> 00:45:53.040 align:start position:0% to recreate human intelligence. It's 00:45:53.040 --> 00:45:56.069 align:start position:0% to recreate human intelligence. It's just<00:45:53.119> a<00:45:53.280> matter<00:45:53.440> of<00:45:53.680> time.<00:45:54.640> And<00:45:54.880> to<00:45:55.119> them,<00:45:55.839> the 00:45:56.069 --> 00:45:56.079 align:start position:0% just a matter of time. And to them, the 00:45:56.079 --> 00:45:57.589 align:start position:0% just a matter of time. And to them, the reason<00:45:56.319> why<00:45:56.720> there<00:45:56.960> would<00:45:57.119> that<00:45:57.280> would<00:45:57.440> lead 00:45:57.589 --> 00:45:57.599 align:start position:0% reason why there would that would lead 00:45:57.599 --> 00:46:01.190 align:start position:0% reason why there would that would lead to<00:45:57.680> an<00:45:57.839> apocalyptic<00:45:58.560> scenario<00:45:59.040> is<00:46:00.000> humans,<00:46:00.640> we 00:46:01.190 --> 00:46:01.200 align:start position:0% to an apocalyptic scenario is humans, we 00:46:01.200 --> 00:46:02.630 align:start position:0% to an apocalyptic scenario is humans, we learn<00:46:01.440> and<00:46:01.680> improve<00:46:02.000> our<00:46:02.160> intelligence 00:46:02.630 --> 00:46:02.640 align:start position:0% learn and improve our intelligence 00:46:02.640 --> 00:46:05.109 align:start position:0% learn and improve our intelligence through<00:46:02.960> communication.<00:46:04.000> And<00:46:04.240> communication 00:46:05.109 --> 00:46:05.119 align:start position:0% through communication. And communication 00:46:05.119 --> 00:46:07.910 align:start position:0% through communication. And communication is<00:46:05.440> inefficient.<00:46:06.480> We<00:46:06.880> miscommunicate<00:46:07.680> all 00:46:07.910 --> 00:46:07.920 align:start position:0% is inefficient. We miscommunicate all 00:46:07.920 --> 00:46:12.790 align:start position:0% is inefficient. We miscommunicate all the<00:46:08.079> time.<00:46:08.880> And<00:46:09.119> so<00:46:10.000> for<00:46:10.560> AI<00:46:11.599> intelligences, 00:46:12.790 --> 00:46:12.800 align:start position:0% the time. And so for AI intelligences, 00:46:12.800 --> 00:46:15.190 align:start position:0% the time. And so for AI intelligences, they<00:46:13.119> would<00:46:13.280> be<00:46:13.440> able<00:46:13.599> to<00:46:14.319> rapidly<00:46:14.960> get 00:46:15.190 --> 00:46:15.200 align:start position:0% they would be able to rapidly get 00:46:15.200 --> 00:46:17.190 align:start position:0% they would be able to rapidly get smarter<00:46:15.599> and<00:46:15.760> smarter<00:46:16.079> and<00:46:16.240> smarter<00:46:16.640> by 00:46:17.190 --> 00:46:17.200 align:start position:0% smarter and smarter and smarter by 00:46:17.200 --> 00:46:19.270 align:start position:0% smarter and smarter and smarter by having<00:46:17.760> perfect<00:46:18.319> communication<00:46:18.800> with<00:46:19.040> one 00:46:19.270 --> 00:46:19.280 align:start position:0% having perfect communication with one 00:46:19.280 --> 00:46:22.550 align:start position:0% having perfect communication with one another<00:46:19.520> as<00:46:19.839> digital<00:46:20.720> intelligences.<00:46:21.760> And<00:46:22.000> so 00:46:22.550 --> 00:46:22.560 align:start position:0% another as digital intelligences. And so 00:46:22.560 --> 00:46:24.230 align:start position:0% another as digital intelligences. And so many<00:46:22.800> of<00:46:22.960> these<00:46:23.200> people<00:46:23.280> who<00:46:23.520> selfidentify<00:46:24.079> as 00:46:24.230 --> 00:46:24.240 align:start position:0% many of these people who selfidentify as 00:46:24.240 --> 00:46:26.790 align:start position:0% many of these people who selfidentify as doomers<00:46:24.720> say<00:46:25.119> there<00:46:25.359> has<00:46:25.520> never<00:46:25.760> been<00:46:26.400> in<00:46:26.640> the 00:46:26.790 --> 00:46:26.800 align:start position:0% doomers say there has never been in the 00:46:26.800 --> 00:46:30.470 align:start position:0% doomers say there has never been in the history<00:46:27.599> of<00:46:28.240> the<00:46:28.480> the<00:46:29.119> universe<00:46:29.760> a<00:46:30.079> species 00:46:30.470 --> 00:46:30.480 align:start position:0% history of the the universe a species 00:46:30.480 --> 00:46:33.030 align:start position:0% history of the the universe a species that<00:46:30.720> was<00:46:30.880> superior<00:46:31.280> to<00:46:31.520> another<00:46:31.839> species<00:46:32.319> a<00:46:32.800> a 00:46:33.030 --> 00:46:33.040 align:start position:0% that was superior to another species a a 00:46:33.040 --> 00:46:36.630 align:start position:0% that was superior to another species a a species<00:46:33.440> that<00:46:33.680> was<00:46:33.839> able<00:46:34.000> to<00:46:34.319> rule<00:46:34.720> over<00:46:36.079> um<00:46:36.319> a 00:46:36.630 --> 00:46:36.640 align:start position:0% species that was able to rule over um a 00:46:36.640 --> 00:46:39.190 align:start position:0% species that was able to rule over um a more<00:46:36.960> superior<00:46:37.920> species.<00:46:38.560> So<00:46:38.720> they<00:46:39.040> think 00:46:39.190 --> 00:46:39.200 align:start position:0% more superior species. So they think 00:46:39.200 --> 00:46:41.910 align:start position:0% more superior species. So they think that<00:46:39.599> ultimately<00:46:40.000> AI<00:46:40.400> will<00:46:40.560> evolve<00:46:41.040> into<00:46:41.599> a 00:46:41.910 --> 00:46:41.920 align:start position:0% that ultimately AI will evolve into a 00:46:41.920 --> 00:46:45.270 align:start position:0% that ultimately AI will evolve into a higher<00:46:42.800> species<00:46:43.599> and<00:46:43.920> then<00:46:44.160> start<00:46:44.480> ruling<00:46:44.880> us 00:46:45.270 --> 00:46:45.280 align:start position:0% higher species and then start ruling us 00:46:45.280 --> 00:46:47.190 align:start position:0% higher species and then start ruling us and<00:46:45.520> then<00:46:45.760> maybe<00:46:46.079> decide<00:46:46.400> to<00:46:46.640> get<00:46:46.720> rid<00:46:46.880> of<00:46:47.040> us 00:46:47.190 --> 00:46:47.200 align:start position:0% and then maybe decide to get rid of us 00:46:47.200 --> 00:46:50.790 align:start position:0% and then maybe decide to get rid of us altogether.<00:46:47.920> I'm<00:46:48.800> wondering<00:46:49.440> if<00:46:49.920> you<00:46:50.160> can 00:46:50.790 --> 00:46:50.800 align:start position:0% altogether. I'm wondering if you can 00:46:50.800 --> 00:46:54.309 align:start position:0% altogether. I'm wondering if you can talk<00:46:51.119> about<00:46:51.440> any<00:46:51.920> model<00:46:52.400> of<00:46:52.640> a<00:46:52.880> country,<00:46:53.680> not<00:46:53.920> a 00:46:54.309 --> 00:46:54.319 align:start position:0% talk about any model of a country, not a 00:46:54.319 --> 00:46:55.430 align:start position:0% talk about any model of a country, not a company, 00:46:55.430 --> 00:46:55.440 align:start position:0% company, 00:46:55.440 --> 00:46:59.430 align:start position:0% company, >> that<00:46:56.319> is<00:46:57.680> pioneering<00:46:58.560> a<00:46:58.880> way<00:46:59.119> of 00:46:59.430 --> 00:46:59.440 align:start position:0% >> that is pioneering a way of 00:46:59.440 --> 00:47:01.510 align:start position:0% >> that is pioneering a way of democratically<00:47:00.319> controlled<00:47:00.880> artificial 00:47:01.510 --> 00:47:01.520 align:start position:0% democratically controlled artificial 00:47:01.520 --> 00:47:03.589 align:start position:0% democratically controlled artificial intelligence. 00:47:03.589 --> 00:47:03.599 align:start position:0% intelligence. 00:47:03.599 --> 00:47:05.589 align:start position:0% intelligence. >> I<00:47:03.920> don't<00:47:04.079> think<00:47:04.160> it's<00:47:04.480> actively<00:47:05.200> happening 00:47:05.589 --> 00:47:05.599 align:start position:0% >> I don't think it's actively happening 00:47:05.599 --> 00:47:07.430 align:start position:0% >> I don't think it's actively happening right<00:47:05.839> now. 00:47:07.430 --> 00:47:07.440 align:start position:0% right now. 00:47:07.440 --> 00:47:10.790 align:start position:0% right now. The<00:47:07.680> EU<00:47:08.240> has<00:47:08.560> had<00:47:08.800> the<00:47:09.040> EU<00:47:09.440> AI<00:47:09.839> act,<00:47:10.319> which<00:47:10.640> is 00:47:10.790 --> 00:47:10.800 align:start position:0% The EU has had the EU AI act, which is 00:47:10.800 --> 00:47:13.030 align:start position:0% The EU has had the EU AI act, which is their<00:47:11.119> major<00:47:11.520> piece<00:47:11.680> of<00:47:11.920> legislation<00:47:12.720> trying 00:47:13.030 --> 00:47:13.040 align:start position:0% their major piece of legislation trying 00:47:13.040 --> 00:47:15.589 align:start position:0% their major piece of legislation trying to<00:47:13.359> develop<00:47:13.839> a<00:47:14.079> riskbased,<00:47:14.800> rightsbased 00:47:15.589 --> 00:47:15.599 align:start position:0% to develop a riskbased, rightsbased 00:47:15.599 --> 00:47:19.589 align:start position:0% to develop a riskbased, rightsbased framework<00:47:16.319> for<00:47:16.640> governing<00:47:17.520> AI<00:47:18.720> um 00:47:19.589 --> 00:47:19.599 align:start position:0% framework for governing AI um 00:47:19.599 --> 00:47:21.109 align:start position:0% framework for governing AI um deployment. 00:47:21.109 --> 00:47:21.119 align:start position:0% deployment. 00:47:21.119 --> 00:47:22.630 align:start position:0% deployment. But 00:47:22.630 --> 00:47:22.640 align:start position:0% But 00:47:22.640 --> 00:47:25.589 align:start position:0% But to<00:47:22.880> me,<00:47:23.280> one<00:47:23.440> of<00:47:23.520> the<00:47:23.680> keys<00:47:24.160> of<00:47:24.480> democratic<00:47:25.200> AI 00:47:25.589 --> 00:47:25.599 align:start position:0% to me, one of the keys of democratic AI 00:47:25.599 --> 00:47:27.750 align:start position:0% to me, one of the keys of democratic AI governance<00:47:26.079> is<00:47:26.400> also<00:47:26.800> democratically 00:47:27.750 --> 00:47:27.760 align:start position:0% governance is also democratically 00:47:27.760 --> 00:47:30.870 align:start position:0% governance is also democratically developing<00:47:28.880> AI.<00:47:29.440> And<00:47:29.599> I<00:47:29.839> don't<00:47:30.000> think<00:47:30.240> any 00:47:30.870 --> 00:47:30.880 align:start position:0% developing AI. And I don't think any 00:47:30.880 --> 00:47:33.030 align:start position:0% developing AI. And I don't think any country<00:47:31.200> is<00:47:31.440> really<00:47:31.680> doing<00:47:31.839> that.<00:47:32.480> And<00:47:32.640> what<00:47:32.880> I 00:47:33.030 --> 00:47:33.040 align:start position:0% country is really doing that. And what I 00:47:33.040 --> 00:47:35.990 align:start position:0% country is really doing that. And what I mean<00:47:33.200> by<00:47:33.359> that<00:47:33.680> is<00:47:34.400> there<00:47:34.640> are<00:47:35.200> AI<00:47:35.599> has<00:47:35.760> a 00:47:35.990 --> 00:47:36.000 align:start position:0% mean by that is there are AI has a 00:47:36.000 --> 00:47:38.470 align:start position:0% mean by that is there are AI has a supply<00:47:36.319> chain.<00:47:37.040> It<00:47:37.280> needs<00:47:37.520> data.<00:47:38.079> It<00:47:38.240> needs 00:47:38.470 --> 00:47:38.480 align:start position:0% supply chain. It needs data. It needs 00:47:38.480 --> 00:47:40.790 align:start position:0% supply chain. It needs data. It needs land.<00:47:38.960> It<00:47:39.119> needs<00:47:39.359> energy.<00:47:39.760> It<00:47:39.920> needs<00:47:40.240> water. 00:47:40.790 --> 00:47:40.800 align:start position:0% land. It needs energy. It needs water. 00:47:40.800 --> 00:47:43.430 align:start position:0% land. It needs energy. It needs water. And<00:47:40.960> it<00:47:41.200> also<00:47:41.520> needs<00:47:41.920> spaces<00:47:42.400> in<00:47:42.720> which<00:47:43.040> these 00:47:43.430 --> 00:47:43.440 align:start position:0% And it also needs spaces in which these 00:47:43.440 --> 00:47:45.589 align:start position:0% And it also needs spaces in which these companies<00:47:44.160> need<00:47:44.400> access<00:47:44.720> to<00:47:44.880> to<00:47:45.119> then<00:47:45.280> deploy 00:47:45.589 --> 00:47:45.599 align:start position:0% companies need access to to then deploy 00:47:45.599 --> 00:47:47.990 align:start position:0% companies need access to to then deploy their<00:47:45.839> technology.<00:47:46.480> Schools,<00:47:47.359> hospitals, 00:47:47.990 --> 00:47:48.000 align:start position:0% their technology. Schools, hospitals, 00:47:48.000 --> 00:47:50.550 align:start position:0% their technology. Schools, hospitals, government<00:47:48.400> agencies.<00:47:49.680> Silicon<00:47:50.079> Valley<00:47:50.319> has 00:47:50.550 --> 00:47:50.560 align:start position:0% government agencies. Silicon Valley has 00:47:50.560 --> 00:47:52.230 align:start position:0% government agencies. Silicon Valley has done<00:47:50.720> a<00:47:50.880> really<00:47:51.119> good<00:47:51.359> job<00:47:51.599> over<00:47:51.839> the<00:47:52.079> last 00:47:52.230 --> 00:47:52.240 align:start position:0% done a really good job over the last 00:47:52.240 --> 00:47:55.910 align:start position:0% done a really good job over the last decade<00:47:53.040> of<00:47:53.760> making<00:47:54.079> people<00:47:54.480> feel<00:47:55.040> that<00:47:55.599> their 00:47:55.910 --> 00:47:55.920 align:start position:0% decade of making people feel that their 00:47:55.920 --> 00:47:57.829 align:start position:0% decade of making people feel that their collectively<00:47:56.480> owned<00:47:56.800> resources<00:47:57.280> are<00:47:57.440> Silicon 00:47:57.829 --> 00:47:57.839 align:start position:0% collectively owned resources are Silicon 00:47:57.839 --> 00:47:59.589 align:start position:0% collectively owned resources are Silicon Valleys.<00:47:58.480> You<00:47:58.640> know,<00:47:58.720> I<00:47:58.880> have<00:47:59.040> I<00:47:59.200> talk<00:47:59.440> with 00:47:59.589 --> 00:47:59.599 align:start position:0% Valleys. You know, I have I talk with 00:47:59.599 --> 00:48:01.270 align:start position:0% Valleys. You know, I have I talk with friends<00:47:59.839> all<00:48:00.000> the<00:48:00.160> time<00:48:00.319> who<00:48:00.640> say,<00:48:00.880> "We<00:48:01.200> don't 00:48:01.270 --> 00:48:01.280 align:start position:0% friends all the time who say, "We don't 00:48:01.280 --> 00:48:02.790 align:start position:0% friends all the time who say, "We don't have<00:48:01.359> data<00:48:01.680> privacy<00:48:02.000> anymore."<00:48:02.480> So,<00:48:02.640> like, 00:48:02.790 --> 00:48:02.800 align:start position:0% have data privacy anymore." So, like, 00:48:02.800 --> 00:48:05.910 align:start position:0% have data privacy anymore." So, like, what's<00:48:03.040> more<00:48:03.440> what's<00:48:03.920> what<00:48:04.160> is<00:48:04.960> more<00:48:05.359> data<00:48:05.680> to 00:48:05.910 --> 00:48:05.920 align:start position:0% what's more what's what is more data to 00:48:05.920 --> 00:48:07.349 align:start position:0% what's more what's what is more data to these<00:48:06.160> companies?<00:48:06.480> Like,<00:48:06.720> I'm<00:48:06.880> fine<00:48:07.119> just 00:48:07.349 --> 00:48:07.359 align:start position:0% these companies? Like, I'm fine just 00:48:07.359 --> 00:48:09.349 align:start position:0% these companies? Like, I'm fine just giving<00:48:07.599> them<00:48:07.760> all<00:48:07.920> of<00:48:08.000> my<00:48:08.160> data.<00:48:08.960> But<00:48:09.119> that 00:48:09.349 --> 00:48:09.359 align:start position:0% giving them all of my data. But that 00:48:09.359 --> 00:48:11.750 align:start position:0% giving them all of my data. But that data<00:48:09.680> is<00:48:09.920> yours.<00:48:11.040> You<00:48:11.200> know,<00:48:11.520> that 00:48:11.750 --> 00:48:11.760 align:start position:0% data is yours. You know, that 00:48:11.760 --> 00:48:14.230 align:start position:0% data is yours. You know, that intellectual<00:48:12.319> property<00:48:12.800> is<00:48:13.119> the<00:48:13.520> writers<00:48:14.079> and 00:48:14.230 --> 00:48:14.240 align:start position:0% intellectual property is the writers and 00:48:14.240 --> 00:48:16.550 align:start position:0% intellectual property is the writers and artists<00:48:14.640> intellectual<00:48:15.119> property.<00:48:15.680> That<00:48:16.079> land 00:48:16.550 --> 00:48:16.560 align:start position:0% artists intellectual property. That land 00:48:16.560 --> 00:48:19.910 align:start position:0% artists intellectual property. That land is<00:48:16.960> a<00:48:17.359> community's<00:48:18.319> land.<00:48:18.880> Those<00:48:19.280> schools<00:48:19.680> are 00:48:19.910 --> 00:48:19.920 align:start position:0% is a community's land. Those schools are 00:48:19.920 --> 00:48:22.309 align:start position:0% is a community's land. Those schools are the<00:48:20.240> students<00:48:20.560> and<00:48:20.880> teachers<00:48:21.680> schools.<00:48:22.079> The 00:48:22.309 --> 00:48:22.319 align:start position:0% the students and teachers schools. The 00:48:22.319 --> 00:48:24.470 align:start position:0% the students and teachers schools. The hospitals<00:48:22.800> are<00:48:22.960> the<00:48:23.200> doctors<00:48:23.599> and<00:48:23.920> nurses<00:48:24.240> and 00:48:24.470 --> 00:48:24.480 align:start position:0% hospitals are the doctors and nurses and 00:48:24.480 --> 00:48:28.390 align:start position:0% hospitals are the doctors and nurses and patients<00:48:25.200> hospitals.<00:48:26.079> These<00:48:26.480> are<00:48:26.800> all<00:48:27.680> sites 00:48:28.390 --> 00:48:28.400 align:start position:0% patients hospitals. These are all sites 00:48:28.400 --> 00:48:30.950 align:start position:0% patients hospitals. These are all sites of<00:48:28.800> democratic<00:48:29.520> contestation<00:48:30.559> in<00:48:30.800> the 00:48:30.950 --> 00:48:30.960 align:start position:0% of democratic contestation in the 00:48:30.960 --> 00:48:32.630 align:start position:0% of democratic contestation in the deployment<00:48:31.520> in<00:48:31.760> the<00:48:31.920> development<00:48:32.240> and<00:48:32.480> the 00:48:32.630 --> 00:48:32.640 align:start position:0% deployment in the development and the 00:48:32.640 --> 00:48:34.470 align:start position:0% deployment in the development and the deployment<00:48:33.119> of<00:48:33.359> AI.<00:48:33.839> And<00:48:34.000> just<00:48:34.160> like<00:48:34.319> those 00:48:34.470 --> 00:48:34.480 align:start position:0% deployment of AI. And just like those 00:48:34.480 --> 00:48:36.069 align:start position:0% deployment of AI. And just like those Chilean<00:48:34.960> water<00:48:35.119> activists<00:48:35.520> that<00:48:35.680> we<00:48:35.839> talked 00:48:36.069 --> 00:48:36.079 align:start position:0% Chilean water activists that we talked 00:48:36.079 --> 00:48:38.710 align:start position:0% Chilean water activists that we talked about<00:48:36.480> who<00:48:36.800> aggressively<00:48:37.680> understood<00:48:38.400> that 00:48:38.710 --> 00:48:38.720 align:start position:0% about who aggressively understood that 00:48:38.720 --> 00:48:41.030 align:start position:0% about who aggressively understood that that<00:48:38.960> fresh<00:48:39.280> water<00:48:39.760> was<00:48:40.079> theirs<00:48:40.559> and<00:48:40.800> they 00:48:41.030 --> 00:48:41.040 align:start position:0% that fresh water was theirs and they 00:48:41.040 --> 00:48:42.630 align:start position:0% that fresh water was theirs and they were<00:48:41.200> not<00:48:41.359> willing<00:48:41.599> to<00:48:41.760> give<00:48:41.920> it<00:48:42.000> up<00:48:42.240> unless 00:48:42.630 --> 00:48:42.640 align:start position:0% were not willing to give it up unless 00:48:42.640 --> 00:48:44.230 align:start position:0% were not willing to give it up unless they<00:48:42.880> got<00:48:43.119> some<00:48:43.359> kind<00:48:43.520> of<00:48:43.680> mutually 00:48:44.230 --> 00:48:44.240 align:start position:0% they got some kind of mutually 00:48:44.240 --> 00:48:47.670 align:start position:0% they got some kind of mutually beneficial<00:48:45.280> agreement<00:48:45.839> for<00:48:46.079> it.<00:48:46.880> We<00:48:47.200> need<00:48:47.440> to 00:48:47.670 --> 00:48:47.680 align:start position:0% beneficial agreement for it. We need to 00:48:47.680 --> 00:48:51.030 align:start position:0% beneficial agreement for it. We need to have<00:48:47.920> that<00:48:48.319> spirit<00:48:49.040> in<00:48:49.520> protecting 00:48:51.030 --> 00:48:51.040 align:start position:0% have that spirit in protecting 00:48:51.040 --> 00:48:54.630 align:start position:0% have that spirit in protecting our<00:48:51.440> data,<00:48:52.000> our<00:48:52.319> land,<00:48:52.800> our<00:48:53.119> water,<00:48:53.839> and<00:48:54.240> our 00:48:54.630 --> 00:48:54.640 align:start position:0% our data, our land, our water, and our 00:48:54.640 --> 00:48:58.390 align:start position:0% our data, our land, our water, and our schools<00:48:55.760> so<00:48:56.000> that<00:48:56.559> companies<00:48:57.280> inevitably 00:48:58.390 --> 00:48:58.400 align:start position:0% schools so that companies inevitably 00:48:58.400 --> 00:49:00.549 align:start position:0% schools so that companies inevitably will<00:48:58.880> have<00:48:59.119> to<00:48:59.520> adjust<00:48:59.920> their<00:49:00.160> approach 00:49:00.549 --> 00:49:00.559 align:start position:0% will have to adjust their approach 00:49:00.559 --> 00:49:02.870 align:start position:0% will have to adjust their approach because<00:49:00.800> they<00:49:01.040> will<00:49:01.200> no<00:49:01.440> longer<00:49:01.839> get<00:49:02.079> access 00:49:02.870 --> 00:49:02.880 align:start position:0% because they will no longer get access 00:49:02.880 --> 00:49:04.630 align:start position:0% because they will no longer get access to<00:49:03.040> the<00:49:03.280> resources<00:49:03.680> they<00:49:03.920> need<00:49:04.000> or<00:49:04.240> the<00:49:04.400> spaces 00:49:04.630 --> 00:49:04.640 align:start position:0% to the resources they need or the spaces 00:49:04.640 --> 00:49:07.190 align:start position:0% to the resources they need or the spaces that<00:49:04.800> they<00:49:05.040> need<00:49:05.119> to<00:49:05.280> deploy<00:49:05.599> in.<00:49:06.079> In<00:49:06.400> 2022, 00:49:07.190 --> 00:49:07.200 align:start position:0% that they need to deploy in. In 2022, 00:49:07.200 --> 00:49:09.109 align:start position:0% that they need to deploy in. In 2022, Karen,<00:49:07.680> you<00:49:07.839> wrote<00:49:07.920> a<00:49:08.160> piece<00:49:08.319> for<00:49:08.480> MIT 00:49:09.109 --> 00:49:09.119 align:start position:0% Karen, you wrote a piece for MIT 00:49:09.119 --> 00:49:11.990 align:start position:0% Karen, you wrote a piece for MIT Technology<00:49:09.760> Review<00:49:10.240> headlined<00:49:11.200> a<00:49:11.440> new<00:49:11.680> vision 00:49:11.990 --> 00:49:12.000 align:start position:0% Technology Review headlined a new vision 00:49:12.000 --> 00:49:14.069 align:start position:0% Technology Review headlined a new vision of<00:49:12.319> artificial<00:49:12.960> intelligence<00:49:13.680> for<00:49:13.920> the 00:49:14.069 --> 00:49:14.079 align:start position:0% of artificial intelligence for the 00:49:14.079 --> 00:49:16.950 align:start position:0% of artificial intelligence for the people.<00:49:14.800> In<00:49:15.040> a<00:49:15.200> remote<00:49:15.760> rural<00:49:16.240> town<00:49:16.480> in<00:49:16.800> New 00:49:16.950 --> 00:49:16.960 align:start position:0% people. In a remote rural town in New 00:49:16.960 --> 00:49:19.430 align:start position:0% people. In a remote rural town in New Zealand,<00:49:17.760> an<00:49:18.079> indigenous<00:49:18.720> couple<00:49:19.040> is 00:49:19.430 --> 00:49:19.440 align:start position:0% Zealand, an indigenous couple is 00:49:19.440 --> 00:49:22.150 align:start position:0% Zealand, an indigenous couple is challenging<00:49:20.079> what<00:49:20.400> AI<00:49:20.880> could<00:49:21.119> be<00:49:21.440> and<00:49:21.760> who<00:49:22.000> it 00:49:22.150 --> 00:49:22.160 align:start position:0% challenging what AI could be and who it 00:49:22.160 --> 00:49:24.630 align:start position:0% challenging what AI could be and who it should<00:49:22.400> serve.<00:49:22.960> Who<00:49:23.200> are<00:49:23.359> they?<00:49:24.000> This<00:49:24.240> was<00:49:24.400> a 00:49:24.630 --> 00:49:24.640 align:start position:0% should serve. Who are they? This was a 00:49:24.640 --> 00:49:27.670 align:start position:0% should serve. Who are they? This was a wonderful<00:49:25.359> story<00:49:25.680> that<00:49:25.920> I<00:49:26.079> did<00:49:26.720> where<00:49:27.200> the 00:49:27.670 --> 00:49:27.680 align:start position:0% wonderful story that I did where the 00:49:27.680 --> 00:49:30.630 align:start position:0% wonderful story that I did where the couple<00:49:28.559> um<00:49:28.800> they<00:49:29.119> run<00:49:29.440> to<00:49:29.920> media.<00:49:30.319> It's<00:49:30.480> a 00:49:30.630 --> 00:49:30.640 align:start position:0% couple um they run to media. It's a 00:49:30.640 --> 00:49:32.870 align:start position:0% couple um they run to media. It's a nonprofit<00:49:31.200> MAI<00:49:31.920> radio<00:49:32.240> station<00:49:32.480> in<00:49:32.800> New 00:49:32.870 --> 00:49:32.880 align:start position:0% nonprofit MAI radio station in New 00:49:32.880 --> 00:49:36.390 align:start position:0% nonprofit MAI radio station in New Zealand.<00:49:34.000> And<00:49:34.640> the<00:49:34.880> Maui<00:49:35.440> people<00:49:36.160> have 00:49:36.390 --> 00:49:36.400 align:start position:0% Zealand. And the Maui people have 00:49:36.400 --> 00:49:39.349 align:start position:0% Zealand. And the Maui people have suffered<00:49:36.960> a<00:49:37.280> lot<00:49:37.440> of<00:49:37.520> the<00:49:37.839> same<00:49:38.559> um<00:49:38.880> challenges 00:49:39.349 --> 00:49:39.359 align:start position:0% suffered a lot of the same um challenges 00:49:39.359 --> 00:49:41.030 align:start position:0% suffered a lot of the same um challenges as<00:49:39.680> many<00:49:40.000> indigenous<00:49:40.400> peoples<00:49:40.720> around<00:49:40.880> the 00:49:41.030 --> 00:49:41.040 align:start position:0% as many indigenous peoples around the 00:49:41.040 --> 00:49:43.430 align:start position:0% as many indigenous peoples around the world.<00:49:41.359> The<00:49:41.520> history<00:49:41.680> of<00:49:41.839> colonization<00:49:43.119> led 00:49:43.430 --> 00:49:43.440 align:start position:0% world. The history of colonization led 00:49:43.440 --> 00:49:45.430 align:start position:0% world. The history of colonization led them<00:49:43.680> to<00:49:43.920> rapidly<00:49:44.480> lose<00:49:44.720> their<00:49:44.960> language<00:49:45.200> and 00:49:45.430 --> 00:49:45.440 align:start position:0% them to rapidly lose their language and 00:49:45.440 --> 00:49:47.109 align:start position:0% them to rapidly lose their language and there<00:49:45.599> are<00:49:45.760> very<00:49:45.920> few<00:49:46.079> Mauy<00:49:46.559> speakers<00:49:46.800> in<00:49:46.960> the 00:49:47.109 --> 00:49:47.119 align:start position:0% there are very few Mauy speakers in the 00:49:47.119 --> 00:49:49.190 align:start position:0% there are very few Mauy speakers in the world<00:49:47.200> anymore.<00:49:47.599> And<00:49:47.839> so<00:49:48.240> in<00:49:48.559> the<00:49:48.800> last<00:49:48.960> few 00:49:49.190 --> 00:49:49.200 align:start position:0% world anymore. And so in the last few 00:49:49.200 --> 00:49:51.430 align:start position:0% world anymore. And so in the last few years<00:49:49.520> there's<00:49:49.839> been<00:49:50.240> an<00:49:50.480> attempt<00:49:50.800> to<00:49:51.040> revive 00:49:51.430 --> 00:49:51.440 align:start position:0% years there's been an attempt to revive 00:49:51.440 --> 00:49:53.109 align:start position:0% years there's been an attempt to revive the<00:49:51.680> language<00:49:52.160> and<00:49:52.400> the<00:49:52.640> New<00:49:52.800> Zealand 00:49:53.109 --> 00:49:53.119 align:start position:0% the language and the New Zealand 00:49:53.119 --> 00:49:54.950 align:start position:0% the language and the New Zealand government<00:49:53.359> has<00:49:53.599> tried<00:49:53.760> to<00:49:53.920> repent<00:49:54.319> by<00:49:54.559> by 00:49:54.950 --> 00:49:54.960 align:start position:0% government has tried to repent by by 00:49:54.960 --> 00:49:56.950 align:start position:0% government has tried to repent by by trying<00:49:55.200> to<00:49:55.359> encourage<00:49:55.839> that<00:49:56.000> the<00:49:56.319> revival<00:49:56.720> of 00:49:56.950 --> 00:49:56.960 align:start position:0% trying to encourage that the revival of 00:49:56.960 --> 00:49:59.910 align:start position:0% trying to encourage that the revival of that<00:49:57.200> language.<00:49:58.160> But<00:49:58.480> this<00:49:58.960> nonprofit<00:49:59.520> radio 00:49:59.910 --> 00:49:59.920 align:start position:0% that language. But this nonprofit radio 00:49:59.920 --> 00:50:02.069 align:start position:0% that language. But this nonprofit radio station,<00:50:00.559> they<00:50:00.800> had<00:50:00.960> all<00:50:01.200> this<00:50:01.440> wonderful 00:50:02.069 --> 00:50:02.079 align:start position:0% station, they had all this wonderful 00:50:02.079 --> 00:50:04.549 align:start position:0% station, they had all this wonderful archival<00:50:02.800> material,<00:50:03.440> archival<00:50:04.000> audio<00:50:04.319> of 00:50:04.549 --> 00:50:04.559 align:start position:0% archival material, archival audio of 00:50:04.559 --> 00:50:06.710 align:start position:0% archival material, archival audio of their<00:50:04.800> ancestors<00:50:05.680> speaking<00:50:06.079> the<00:50:06.240> Mai 00:50:06.710 --> 00:50:06.720 align:start position:0% their ancestors speaking the Mai 00:50:06.720 --> 00:50:10.069 align:start position:0% their ancestors speaking the Mai language<00:50:07.359> that<00:50:07.680> they<00:50:07.920> wanted<00:50:08.160> to<00:50:08.400> provide<00:50:09.200> to 00:50:10.069 --> 00:50:10.079 align:start position:0% language that they wanted to provide to 00:50:10.079 --> 00:50:12.150 align:start position:0% language that they wanted to provide to Maui<00:50:10.559> speakers,<00:50:10.880> ma<00:50:11.200> Mai<00:50:11.599> learners<00:50:12.000> around 00:50:12.150 --> 00:50:12.160 align:start position:0% Maui speakers, ma Mai learners around 00:50:12.160 --> 00:50:14.549 align:start position:0% Maui speakers, ma Mai learners around the<00:50:12.319> world<00:50:12.480> as<00:50:12.720> an<00:50:12.880> educational<00:50:13.680> resource. 00:50:14.549 --> 00:50:14.559 align:start position:0% the world as an educational resource. 00:50:14.559 --> 00:50:16.309 align:start position:0% the world as an educational resource. The<00:50:14.720> problem<00:50:14.960> is<00:50:15.280> in<00:50:15.520> order<00:50:15.599> to<00:50:15.760> do<00:50:15.920> that<00:50:16.160> they 00:50:16.309 --> 00:50:16.319 align:start position:0% The problem is in order to do that they 00:50:16.319 --> 00:50:17.990 align:start position:0% The problem is in order to do that they needed<00:50:16.559> to<00:50:16.720> transcribe<00:50:17.119> the<00:50:17.359> audio<00:50:17.599> so<00:50:17.839> that 00:50:17.990 --> 00:50:18.000 align:start position:0% needed to transcribe the audio so that 00:50:18.000 --> 00:50:20.870 align:start position:0% needed to transcribe the audio so that Mai<00:50:18.400> learners<00:50:19.040> could<00:50:19.280> actually<00:50:19.760> listen,<00:50:20.480> see 00:50:20.870 --> 00:50:20.880 align:start position:0% Mai learners could actually listen, see 00:50:20.880 --> 00:50:22.790 align:start position:0% Mai learners could actually listen, see what<00:50:21.200> was<00:50:21.359> being<00:50:21.520> said,<00:50:21.920> click<00:50:22.079> on<00:50:22.240> the<00:50:22.400> words, 00:50:22.790 --> 00:50:22.800 align:start position:0% what was being said, click on the words, 00:50:22.800 --> 00:50:24.710 align:start position:0% what was being said, click on the words, understand<00:50:23.200> the<00:50:23.359> translation<00:50:24.079> and<00:50:24.400> actually 00:50:24.710 --> 00:50:24.720 align:start position:0% understand the translation and actually 00:50:24.720 --> 00:50:27.510 align:start position:0% understand the translation and actually turn<00:50:24.960> it<00:50:25.200> into<00:50:25.440> an<00:50:25.680> active<00:50:26.480> learning<00:50:26.800> tool. 00:50:27.510 --> 00:50:27.520 align:start position:0% turn it into an active learning tool. 00:50:27.520 --> 00:50:29.750 align:start position:0% turn it into an active learning tool. But<00:50:27.760> there<00:50:27.920> were<00:50:28.079> so<00:50:28.400> few<00:50:28.640> Maui<00:50:29.119> speakers<00:50:29.520> that 00:50:29.750 --> 00:50:29.760 align:start position:0% But there were so few Maui speakers that 00:50:29.760 --> 00:50:31.750 align:start position:0% But there were so few Maui speakers that can<00:50:29.920> speak<00:50:30.079> at<00:50:30.319> that<00:50:30.480> advanced<00:50:30.960> level<00:50:31.440> that 00:50:31.750 --> 00:50:31.760 align:start position:0% can speak at that advanced level that 00:50:31.760 --> 00:50:34.390 align:start position:0% can speak at that advanced level that they<00:50:32.000> realized<00:50:32.400> they<00:50:32.640> had<00:50:32.880> to<00:50:33.040> turn<00:50:33.440> to<00:50:33.680> AI. 00:50:34.390 --> 00:50:34.400 align:start position:0% they realized they had to turn to AI. 00:50:34.400 --> 00:50:36.630 align:start position:0% they realized they had to turn to AI. And<00:50:34.559> this<00:50:34.800> is<00:50:34.960> a<00:50:35.200> key<00:50:35.440> part<00:50:35.760> of<00:50:36.079> my<00:50:36.319> book's 00:50:36.630 --> 00:50:36.640 align:start position:0% And this is a key part of my book's 00:50:36.640 --> 00:50:39.190 align:start position:0% And this is a key part of my book's argument<00:50:36.960> is<00:50:37.200> I'm<00:50:37.440> not<00:50:37.599> critiquing<00:50:38.160> all<00:50:38.720> AI 00:50:39.190 --> 00:50:39.200 align:start position:0% argument is I'm not critiquing all AI 00:50:39.200 --> 00:50:41.190 align:start position:0% argument is I'm not critiquing all AI development.<00:50:39.680> I'm<00:50:39.920> specifically<00:50:40.480> critiquing 00:50:41.190 --> 00:50:41.200 align:start position:0% development. I'm specifically critiquing 00:50:41.200 --> 00:50:42.870 align:start position:0% development. I'm specifically critiquing the<00:50:41.440> scale<00:50:41.760> at<00:50:41.920> all<00:50:42.160> cost<00:50:42.400> approach<00:50:42.640> that 00:50:42.870 --> 00:50:42.880 align:start position:0% the scale at all cost approach that 00:50:42.880 --> 00:50:44.790 align:start position:0% the scale at all cost approach that Silicon<00:50:43.200> Valley<00:50:43.440> has<00:50:43.680> taken.<00:50:44.240> But<00:50:44.319> there<00:50:44.559> are 00:50:44.790 --> 00:50:44.800 align:start position:0% Silicon Valley has taken. But there are 00:50:44.800 --> 00:50:46.870 align:start position:0% Silicon Valley has taken. But there are many<00:50:45.200> different<00:50:45.520> kinds<00:50:45.760> of<00:50:46.000> beneficial<00:50:46.480> AI 00:50:46.870 --> 00:50:46.880 align:start position:0% many different kinds of beneficial AI 00:50:46.880 --> 00:50:49.030 align:start position:0% many different kinds of beneficial AI models,<00:50:47.599> including<00:50:47.920> what<00:50:48.160> they<00:50:48.400> ended<00:50:48.640> up 00:50:49.030 --> 00:50:49.040 align:start position:0% models, including what they ended up 00:50:49.040 --> 00:50:50.870 align:start position:0% models, including what they ended up doing.<00:50:49.440> So<00:50:49.599> they<00:50:49.839> took<00:50:50.079> a<00:50:50.319> fundamentally 00:50:50.870 --> 00:50:50.880 align:start position:0% doing. So they took a fundamentally 00:50:50.880 --> 00:50:52.790 align:start position:0% doing. So they took a fundamentally different<00:50:51.040> approach.<00:50:51.680> First<00:50:51.920> and<00:50:52.160> foremost, 00:50:52.790 --> 00:50:52.800 align:start position:0% different approach. First and foremost, 00:50:52.800 --> 00:50:54.870 align:start position:0% different approach. First and foremost, they<00:50:53.040> asked<00:50:53.359> their<00:50:53.680> community,<00:50:54.400> do<00:50:54.559> we<00:50:54.720> want 00:50:54.870 --> 00:50:54.880 align:start position:0% they asked their community, do we want 00:50:54.880 --> 00:50:57.750 align:start position:0% they asked their community, do we want this<00:50:55.119> AI<00:50:55.520> tool?<00:50:56.400> Once<00:50:56.720> the<00:50:56.960> community<00:50:57.359> said 00:50:57.750 --> 00:50:57.760 align:start position:0% this AI tool? Once the community said 00:50:57.760 --> 00:51:01.190 align:start position:0% this AI tool? Once the community said yes,<00:50:58.880> then<00:50:59.119> they<00:50:59.359> moved<00:50:59.599> to<00:50:59.760> the<00:50:59.920> next<00:51:00.079> step<00:51:00.559> of 00:51:01.190 --> 00:51:01.200 align:start position:0% yes, then they moved to the next step of 00:51:01.200 --> 00:51:04.309 align:start position:0% yes, then they moved to the next step of asking<00:51:01.680> people<00:51:02.240> to<00:51:02.720> fully<00:51:03.440> consent<00:51:04.000> to 00:51:04.309 --> 00:51:04.319 align:start position:0% asking people to fully consent to 00:51:04.319 --> 00:51:06.470 align:start position:0% asking people to fully consent to donating<00:51:04.880> data<00:51:05.280> for<00:51:05.599> the<00:51:05.839> training<00:51:06.160> of<00:51:06.319> this 00:51:06.470 --> 00:51:06.480 align:start position:0% donating data for the training of this 00:51:06.480 --> 00:51:08.470 align:start position:0% donating data for the training of this tool.<00:51:07.119> They<00:51:07.440> explained<00:51:07.839> to<00:51:08.000> the<00:51:08.160> community 00:51:08.470 --> 00:51:08.480 align:start position:0% tool. They explained to the community 00:51:08.480 --> 00:51:10.549 align:start position:0% tool. They explained to the community what<00:51:08.720> this<00:51:08.880> data<00:51:09.119> was<00:51:09.280> for,<00:51:09.839> how<00:51:10.079> it<00:51:10.240> would<00:51:10.400> be 00:51:10.549 --> 00:51:10.559 align:start position:0% what this data was for, how it would be 00:51:10.559 --> 00:51:12.549 align:start position:0% what this data was for, how it would be used,<00:51:11.119> how<00:51:11.359> they<00:51:11.520> would<00:51:11.680> then<00:51:11.920> guard<00:51:12.319> that 00:51:12.549 --> 00:51:12.559 align:start position:0% used, how they would then guard that 00:51:12.559 --> 00:51:14.309 align:start position:0% used, how they would then guard that data<00:51:12.800> and<00:51:13.040> make<00:51:13.200> sure<00:51:13.359> that<00:51:13.599> it<00:51:13.760> wasn't<00:51:14.079> used 00:51:14.309 --> 00:51:14.319 align:start position:0% data and make sure that it wasn't used 00:51:14.319 --> 00:51:16.470 align:start position:0% data and make sure that it wasn't used for<00:51:14.559> other<00:51:14.800> purposes. 00:51:16.470 --> 00:51:16.480 align:start position:0% for other purposes. 00:51:16.480 --> 00:51:18.470 align:start position:0% for other purposes. They<00:51:16.880> collected<00:51:17.359> around<00:51:17.680> a<00:51:17.920> couple<00:51:18.079> hundred 00:51:18.470 --> 00:51:18.480 align:start position:0% They collected around a couple hundred 00:51:18.480 --> 00:51:20.630 align:start position:0% They collected around a couple hundred hours<00:51:18.800> of<00:51:19.040> audio<00:51:19.359> data<00:51:19.599> in<00:51:19.839> just<00:51:20.000> a<00:51:20.160> few<00:51:20.319> days 00:51:20.630 --> 00:51:20.640 align:start position:0% hours of audio data in just a few days 00:51:20.640 --> 00:51:22.470 align:start position:0% hours of audio data in just a few days because<00:51:20.960> the<00:51:21.200> community<00:51:21.760> rallied<00:51:22.160> support 00:51:22.470 --> 00:51:22.480 align:start position:0% because the community rallied support 00:51:22.480 --> 00:51:25.030 align:start position:0% because the community rallied support around<00:51:22.800> this<00:51:23.119> project<00:51:24.000> and<00:51:24.400> only<00:51:24.720> a<00:51:24.880> couple 00:51:25.030 --> 00:51:25.040 align:start position:0% around this project and only a couple 00:51:25.040 --> 00:51:27.109 align:start position:0% around this project and only a couple hundred<00:51:25.359> hours<00:51:25.839> was<00:51:26.160> enough<00:51:26.480> to<00:51:26.720> create<00:51:26.880> a 00:51:27.109 --> 00:51:27.119 align:start position:0% hundred hours was enough to create a 00:51:27.119 --> 00:51:28.710 align:start position:0% hundred hours was enough to create a performant<00:51:27.599> speech<00:51:27.839> recognition<00:51:28.319> model 00:51:28.710 --> 00:51:28.720 align:start position:0% performant speech recognition model 00:51:28.720 --> 00:51:30.790 align:start position:0% performant speech recognition model which<00:51:28.960> is<00:51:29.359> crazy<00:51:29.680> when<00:51:29.920> you<00:51:30.079> think<00:51:30.240> about<00:51:30.480> the 00:51:30.790 --> 00:51:30.800 align:start position:0% which is crazy when you think about the 00:51:30.800 --> 00:51:33.030 align:start position:0% which is crazy when you think about the scales<00:51:31.440> of<00:51:31.680> data<00:51:32.000> that<00:51:32.160> these<00:51:32.400> Silicon<00:51:32.720> Valley 00:51:33.030 --> 00:51:33.040 align:start position:0% scales of data that these Silicon Valley 00:51:33.040 --> 00:51:35.030 align:start position:0% scales of data that these Silicon Valley companies<00:51:33.680> require.<00:51:34.319> And<00:51:34.480> that<00:51:34.640> is<00:51:34.800> once 00:51:35.030 --> 00:51:35.040 align:start position:0% companies require. And that is once 00:51:35.040 --> 00:51:37.270 align:start position:0% companies require. And that is once again<00:51:35.680> a<00:51:35.920> lesson<00:51:36.240> that<00:51:36.400> can<00:51:36.559> be<00:51:36.720> learned<00:51:36.960> is 00:51:37.270 --> 00:51:37.280 align:start position:0% again a lesson that can be learned is 00:51:37.280 --> 00:51:39.190 align:start position:0% again a lesson that can be learned is actually<00:51:37.920> there's<00:51:38.240> plenty<00:51:38.480> of<00:51:38.640> research<00:51:38.960> that 00:51:39.190 --> 00:51:39.200 align:start position:0% actually there's plenty of research that 00:51:39.200 --> 00:51:41.670 align:start position:0% actually there's plenty of research that shows<00:51:39.520> when<00:51:39.760> you<00:51:39.920> have<00:51:40.079> highly<00:51:40.480> curated<00:51:41.280> small 00:51:41.670 --> 00:51:41.680 align:start position:0% shows when you have highly curated small 00:51:41.680 --> 00:51:44.150 align:start position:0% shows when you have highly curated small data<00:51:41.920> sets,<00:51:42.559> you<00:51:42.800> can<00:51:42.960> actually<00:51:43.359> create<00:51:43.760> very 00:51:44.150 --> 00:51:44.160 align:start position:0% data sets, you can actually create very 00:51:44.160 --> 00:51:46.790 align:start position:0% data sets, you can actually create very powerful<00:51:44.960> AI<00:51:45.359> models<00:51:46.000> and<00:51:46.240> then<00:51:46.400> once<00:51:46.640> they 00:51:46.790 --> 00:51:46.800 align:start position:0% powerful AI models and then once they 00:51:46.800 --> 00:51:48.390 align:start position:0% powerful AI models and then once they had<00:51:46.960> that<00:51:47.119> tool,<00:51:47.440> they<00:51:47.680> were<00:51:47.760> able<00:51:48.000> to<00:51:48.160> do 00:51:48.390 --> 00:51:48.400 align:start position:0% had that tool, they were able to do 00:51:48.400 --> 00:51:50.470 align:start position:0% had that tool, they were able to do exactly<00:51:48.800> what<00:51:49.040> they<00:51:49.520> wanted<00:51:49.839> to<00:51:50.000> open<00:51:50.319> source 00:51:50.470 --> 00:51:50.480 align:start position:0% exactly what they wanted to open source 00:51:50.480 --> 00:51:52.470 align:start position:0% exactly what they wanted to open source and<00:51:50.720> resour<00:51:51.280> uh<00:51:51.760> open<00:51:52.000> source<00:51:52.240> this 00:51:52.470 --> 00:51:52.480 align:start position:0% and resour uh open source this 00:51:52.480 --> 00:51:55.030 align:start position:0% and resour uh open source this educational<00:51:53.200> resource<00:51:53.680> to<00:51:53.920> their<00:51:54.160> community. 00:51:55.030 --> 00:51:55.040 align:start position:0% educational resource to their community. 00:51:55.040 --> 00:51:58.230 align:start position:0% educational resource to their community. And<00:51:55.280> so<00:51:55.760> my<00:51:56.160> vision<00:51:56.720> for<00:51:57.040> AI<00:51:57.440> development<00:51:58.000> in 00:51:58.230 --> 00:51:58.240 align:start position:0% And so my vision for AI development in 00:51:58.240 --> 00:52:02.710 align:start position:0% And so my vision for AI development in the<00:51:58.400> future<00:51:59.359> is<00:51:59.839> to<00:52:00.240> have<00:52:01.119> more<00:52:01.760> small 00:52:02.710 --> 00:52:02.720 align:start position:0% the future is to have more small 00:52:02.720 --> 00:52:05.829 align:start position:0% the future is to have more small taskspecific<00:52:03.839> AI<00:52:04.240> models<00:52:05.119> that<00:52:05.440> are<00:52:05.599> not 00:52:05.829 --> 00:52:05.839 align:start position:0% taskspecific AI models that are not 00:52:05.839 --> 00:52:08.790 align:start position:0% taskspecific AI models that are not trained<00:52:06.240> on<00:52:06.800> vast<00:52:07.280> polluted<00:52:07.760> data<00:52:08.000> sets<00:52:08.319> but 00:52:08.790 --> 00:52:08.800 align:start position:0% trained on vast polluted data sets but 00:52:08.800 --> 00:52:12.069 align:start position:0% trained on vast polluted data sets but small<00:52:09.520> curated<00:52:10.160> data<00:52:10.480> sets<00:52:11.040> and<00:52:11.359> therefore 00:52:12.069 --> 00:52:12.079 align:start position:0% small curated data sets and therefore 00:52:12.079 --> 00:52:14.870 align:start position:0% small curated data sets and therefore only<00:52:12.480> need<00:52:13.119> small<00:52:13.599> amounts<00:52:14.000> of<00:52:14.240> computational 00:52:14.870 --> 00:52:14.880 align:start position:0% only need small amounts of computational 00:52:14.880 --> 00:52:18.230 align:start position:0% only need small amounts of computational power<00:52:15.599> and<00:52:15.839> can<00:52:16.079> be<00:52:16.240> deployed<00:52:17.200> in<00:52:17.599> challenges 00:52:18.230 --> 00:52:18.240 align:start position:0% power and can be deployed in challenges 00:52:18.240 --> 00:52:21.510 align:start position:0% power and can be deployed in challenges that<00:52:18.559> we<00:52:18.960> actually<00:52:19.440> need<00:52:19.680> to<00:52:19.920> tackle<00:52:21.119> for 00:52:21.510 --> 00:52:21.520 align:start position:0% that we actually need to tackle for 00:52:21.520 --> 00:52:23.270 align:start position:0% that we actually need to tackle for humanity. 00:52:23.270 --> 00:52:23.280 align:start position:0% humanity. 00:52:23.280 --> 00:52:25.589 align:start position:0% humanity. mitigating<00:52:23.920> climate<00:52:24.319> change<00:52:24.800> by<00:52:25.119> integrating 00:52:25.589 --> 00:52:25.599 align:start position:0% mitigating climate change by integrating 00:52:25.599 --> 00:52:27.910 align:start position:0% mitigating climate change by integrating more<00:52:25.839> renewable<00:52:26.240> energy<00:52:26.559> into<00:52:26.800> the<00:52:26.960> grid, 00:52:27.910 --> 00:52:27.920 align:start position:0% more renewable energy into the grid, 00:52:27.920 --> 00:52:30.470 align:start position:0% more renewable energy into the grid, improving<00:52:28.559> health<00:52:28.800> care,<00:52:29.280> by<00:52:29.599> doing<00:52:29.920> more 00:52:30.470 --> 00:52:30.480 align:start position:0% improving health care, by doing more 00:52:30.480 --> 00:52:31.829 align:start position:0% improving health care, by doing more drug<00:52:30.800> discovery. 00:52:31.829 --> 00:52:31.839 align:start position:0% drug discovery. 00:52:31.839 --> 00:52:35.109 align:start position:0% drug discovery. >> So,<00:52:32.160> as<00:52:32.400> we<00:52:32.960> finally<00:52:33.440> do<00:52:33.680> wrap<00:52:34.000> up,<00:52:34.559> what<00:52:34.880> you 00:52:35.109 --> 00:52:35.119 align:start position:0% >> So, as we finally do wrap up, what you 00:52:35.119 --> 00:52:37.589 align:start position:0% >> So, as we finally do wrap up, what you were<00:52:35.359> most<00:52:35.599> shocked<00:52:35.920> by,<00:52:36.240> you've<00:52:36.640> been<00:52:36.800> doing 00:52:37.589 --> 00:52:37.599 align:start position:0% were most shocked by, you've been doing 00:52:37.599 --> 00:52:40.710 align:start position:0% were most shocked by, you've been doing uh<00:52:38.240> this<00:52:38.640> journalism,<00:52:39.440> this<00:52:39.760> research<00:52:40.319> for 00:52:40.710 --> 00:52:40.720 align:start position:0% uh this journalism, this research for 00:52:40.720 --> 00:52:43.829 align:start position:0% uh this journalism, this research for years,<00:52:41.680> what<00:52:41.920> you<00:52:42.160> were<00:52:42.319> most<00:52:42.720> shocked<00:52:43.119> by<00:52:43.520> in 00:52:43.829 --> 00:52:43.839 align:start position:0% years, what you were most shocked by in 00:52:43.839 --> 00:52:46.790 align:start position:0% years, what you were most shocked by in writing<00:52:44.400> Empire<00:52:44.960> of<00:52:45.200> AI. 00:52:46.790 --> 00:52:46.800 align:start position:0% writing Empire of AI. 00:52:46.800 --> 00:52:49.589 align:start position:0% writing Empire of AI. I<00:52:47.119> originally<00:52:48.240> thought<00:52:48.800> that<00:52:49.119> I<00:52:49.280> was<00:52:49.359> going<00:52:49.440> to 00:52:49.589 --> 00:52:49.599 align:start position:0% I originally thought that I was going to 00:52:49.599 --> 00:52:51.430 align:start position:0% I originally thought that I was going to write<00:52:49.680> a<00:52:49.839> book<00:52:50.079> focused<00:52:50.400> on<00:52:50.559> vertical<00:52:51.040> harms 00:52:51.430 --> 00:52:51.440 align:start position:0% write a book focused on vertical harms 00:52:51.440 --> 00:52:54.390 align:start position:0% write a book focused on vertical harms of<00:52:51.599> the<00:52:51.760> AI<00:52:52.160> supply<00:52:52.400> chain.<00:52:53.520> Here's<00:52:53.839> how<00:52:54.079> labor 00:52:54.390 --> 00:52:54.400 align:start position:0% of the AI supply chain. Here's how labor 00:52:54.400 --> 00:52:56.790 align:start position:0% of the AI supply chain. Here's how labor exploitation<00:52:55.040> happens<00:52:55.280> in<00:52:55.440> the<00:52:55.520> AI<00:52:55.839> industry. 00:52:56.790 --> 00:52:56.800 align:start position:0% exploitation happens in the AI industry. 00:52:56.800 --> 00:52:59.030 align:start position:0% exploitation happens in the AI industry. Here's<00:52:57.119> how<00:52:57.359> the<00:52:57.599> environmental<00:52:58.160> harms<00:52:58.720> are 00:52:59.030 --> 00:52:59.040 align:start position:0% Here's how the environmental harms are 00:52:59.040 --> 00:53:02.230 align:start position:0% Here's how the environmental harms are arising<00:52:59.760> out<00:53:00.000> of<00:53:00.079> the<00:53:00.319> AI<00:53:00.640> industry.<00:53:01.680> And<00:53:02.000> at 00:53:02.230 --> 00:53:02.240 align:start position:0% arising out of the AI industry. And at 00:53:02.240 --> 00:53:04.549 align:start position:0% arising out of the AI industry. And at the<00:53:02.480> end<00:53:02.640> of<00:53:02.800> my<00:53:03.040> reporting,<00:53:03.680> I<00:53:03.920> realized<00:53:04.400> that 00:53:04.549 --> 00:53:04.559 align:start position:0% the end of my reporting, I realized that 00:53:04.559 --> 00:53:06.230 align:start position:0% the end of my reporting, I realized that there<00:53:04.720> is<00:53:04.880> a<00:53:05.040> horizontal<00:53:05.599> harm<00:53:05.920> that's 00:53:06.230 --> 00:53:06.240 align:start position:0% there is a horizontal harm that's 00:53:06.240 --> 00:53:08.309 align:start position:0% there is a horizontal harm that's happening<00:53:06.559> here.<00:53:07.280> Every<00:53:07.599> single<00:53:08.000> community 00:53:08.309 --> 00:53:08.319 align:start position:0% happening here. Every single community 00:53:08.319 --> 00:53:10.309 align:start position:0% happening here. Every single community that<00:53:08.559> I<00:53:08.800> spoke<00:53:08.960> to,<00:53:09.280> whether<00:53:09.520> it<00:53:09.680> was<00:53:09.839> artists 00:53:10.309 --> 00:53:10.319 align:start position:0% that I spoke to, whether it was artists 00:53:10.319 --> 00:53:12.150 align:start position:0% that I spoke to, whether it was artists having<00:53:10.480> their<00:53:10.720> intellectual<00:53:11.200> property<00:53:11.599> taken 00:53:12.150 --> 00:53:12.160 align:start position:0% having their intellectual property taken 00:53:12.160 --> 00:53:14.150 align:start position:0% having their intellectual property taken or<00:53:12.400> Chilean<00:53:12.960> water<00:53:13.280> water<00:53:13.520> activists<00:53:14.000> having 00:53:14.150 --> 00:53:14.160 align:start position:0% or Chilean water water activists having 00:53:14.160 --> 00:53:16.790 align:start position:0% or Chilean water water activists having their<00:53:14.319> fresh<00:53:14.559> water<00:53:14.880> taken,<00:53:15.520> they<00:53:15.839> all<00:53:16.319> said 00:53:16.790 --> 00:53:16.800 align:start position:0% their fresh water taken, they all said 00:53:16.800 --> 00:53:19.190 align:start position:0% their fresh water taken, they all said that<00:53:17.119> when<00:53:17.280> they<00:53:17.520> encountered<00:53:18.000> the<00:53:18.240> empire, 00:53:19.190 --> 00:53:19.200 align:start position:0% that when they encountered the empire, 00:53:19.200 --> 00:53:21.030 align:start position:0% that when they encountered the empire, they<00:53:19.440> initially<00:53:19.839> felt<00:53:20.240> exactly<00:53:20.640> the<00:53:20.880> same 00:53:21.030 --> 00:53:21.040 align:start position:0% they initially felt exactly the same 00:53:21.040 --> 00:53:24.630 align:start position:0% they initially felt exactly the same way.<00:53:21.599> A<00:53:21.920> complete<00:53:22.880> loss<00:53:23.200> of<00:53:23.440> agency<00:53:24.319> to 00:53:24.630 --> 00:53:24.640 align:start position:0% way. A complete loss of agency to 00:53:24.640 --> 00:53:27.270 align:start position:0% way. A complete loss of agency to self-determine<00:53:25.760> their<00:53:26.079> future.<00:53:26.800> And<00:53:26.960> that<00:53:27.200> is 00:53:27.270 --> 00:53:27.280 align:start position:0% self-determine their future. And that is 00:53:27.280 --> 00:53:29.829 align:start position:0% self-determine their future. And that is when<00:53:27.440> I<00:53:27.680> realized<00:53:28.000> the<00:53:28.240> horizontal<00:53:28.880> harm<00:53:29.200> here 00:53:29.829 --> 00:53:29.839 align:start position:0% when I realized the horizontal harm here 00:53:29.839 --> 00:53:33.829 align:start position:0% when I realized the horizontal harm here is<00:53:30.720> AI<00:53:31.280> is<00:53:31.680> threatening<00:53:32.400> democracy.<00:53:33.280> If<00:53:33.599> the 00:53:33.829 --> 00:53:33.839 align:start position:0% is AI is threatening democracy. If the 00:53:33.839 --> 00:53:37.510 align:start position:0% is AI is threatening democracy. If the majority<00:53:34.480> of<00:53:34.880> the<00:53:35.200> world<00:53:36.000> is<00:53:36.400> going<00:53:36.559> to<00:53:36.880> feel 00:53:37.510 --> 00:53:37.520 align:start position:0% majority of the world is going to feel 00:53:37.520 --> 00:53:39.349 align:start position:0% majority of the world is going to feel this<00:53:37.920> loss<00:53:38.240> of<00:53:38.480> agency<00:53:39.040> over 00:53:39.349 --> 00:53:39.359 align:start position:0% this loss of agency over 00:53:39.359 --> 00:53:42.069 align:start position:0% this loss of agency over self-determining<00:53:40.160> their<00:53:40.400> future,<00:53:41.359> democracy 00:53:42.069 --> 00:53:42.079 align:start position:0% self-determining their future, democracy 00:53:42.079 --> 00:53:46.230 align:start position:0% self-determining their future, democracy cannot<00:53:42.880> survive<00:53:43.920> and<00:53:44.160> again<00:53:45.040> specifically 00:53:46.230 --> 00:53:46.240 align:start position:0% cannot survive and again specifically 00:53:46.240 --> 00:53:48.790 align:start position:0% cannot survive and again specifically Silicon<00:53:46.720> Valley's<00:53:47.200> approach<00:53:48.079> scale<00:53:48.400> at<00:53:48.559> all 00:53:48.790 --> 00:53:48.800 align:start position:0% Silicon Valley's approach scale at all 00:53:48.800 --> 00:53:51.109 align:start position:0% Silicon Valley's approach scale at all costs<00:53:49.359> AI<00:53:49.680> development. 00:53:51.109 --> 00:53:51.119 align:start position:0% costs AI development. 00:53:51.119 --> 00:53:53.589 align:start position:0% costs AI development. >> But<00:53:51.520> you<00:53:51.839> also<00:53:52.240> chronicle<00:53:52.720> the<00:53:52.960> resistance. 00:53:53.589 --> 00:53:53.599 align:start position:0% >> But you also chronicle the resistance. 00:53:53.599 --> 00:53:55.589 align:start position:0% >> But you also chronicle the resistance. You<00:53:53.839> talk<00:53:54.079> about<00:53:54.319> how<00:53:54.559> the<00:53:54.800> Chilean<00:53:55.280> water 00:53:55.589 --> 00:53:55.599 align:start position:0% You talk about how the Chilean water 00:53:55.599 --> 00:53:58.630 align:start position:0% You talk about how the Chilean water actors<00:53:56.000> felt<00:53:56.400> at<00:53:56.720> first,<00:53:57.680> how<00:53:57.839> the<00:53:58.079> artists 00:53:58.630 --> 00:53:58.640 align:start position:0% actors felt at first, how the artists 00:53:58.640 --> 00:54:01.430 align:start position:0% actors felt at first, how the artists feel<00:53:59.040> at<00:53:59.359> first.<00:54:00.160> So<00:54:00.559> talk<00:54:00.800> about<00:54:01.040> the 00:54:01.430 --> 00:54:01.440 align:start position:0% feel at first. So talk about the 00:54:01.440 --> 00:54:03.829 align:start position:0% feel at first. So talk about the strategies<00:54:02.240> that<00:54:02.720> these<00:54:03.200> people<00:54:03.520> have 00:54:03.829 --> 00:54:03.839 align:start position:0% strategies that these people have 00:54:03.839 --> 00:54:05.670 align:start position:0% strategies that these people have employed<00:54:04.240> and<00:54:04.480> if<00:54:04.640> they've<00:54:04.960> been<00:54:05.119> effective. 00:54:05.670 --> 00:54:05.680 align:start position:0% employed and if they've been effective. 00:54:05.680 --> 00:54:07.829 align:start position:0% employed and if they've been effective. >> So<00:54:05.839> the<00:54:06.079> amazing<00:54:06.559> thing<00:54:06.800> is<00:54:07.040> that<00:54:07.280> there<00:54:07.599> has 00:54:07.829 --> 00:54:07.839 align:start position:0% >> So the amazing thing is that there has 00:54:07.839 --> 00:54:10.230 align:start position:0% >> So the amazing thing is that there has since<00:54:08.160> been<00:54:08.800> so<00:54:09.119> much<00:54:09.280> push<00:54:09.599> back.<00:54:10.000> The 00:54:10.230 --> 00:54:10.240 align:start position:0% since been so much push back. The 00:54:10.240 --> 00:54:12.390 align:start position:0% since been so much push back. The artists<00:54:10.640> have<00:54:10.880> then<00:54:11.119> said<00:54:11.359> wait<00:54:11.520> a<00:54:11.680> minute<00:54:12.079> we 00:54:12.390 --> 00:54:12.400 align:start position:0% artists have then said wait a minute we 00:54:12.400 --> 00:54:15.030 align:start position:0% artists have then said wait a minute we can<00:54:12.640> sue<00:54:13.040> these<00:54:13.440> companies.<00:54:14.400> The<00:54:14.640> Chilean 00:54:15.030 --> 00:54:15.040 align:start position:0% can sue these companies. The Chilean 00:54:15.040 --> 00:54:16.630 align:start position:0% can sue these companies. The Chilean water<00:54:15.280> activists<00:54:15.680> said<00:54:15.920> wait<00:54:16.079> a<00:54:16.160> minute<00:54:16.400> we 00:54:16.630 --> 00:54:16.640 align:start position:0% water activists said wait a minute we 00:54:16.640 --> 00:54:18.630 align:start position:0% water activists said wait a minute we can<00:54:16.800> fight<00:54:17.119> back<00:54:17.359> and<00:54:17.680> protect<00:54:18.000> these<00:54:18.319> water 00:54:18.630 --> 00:54:18.640 align:start position:0% can fight back and protect these water 00:54:18.640 --> 00:54:20.630 align:start position:0% can fight back and protect these water resources.<00:54:19.359> The<00:54:19.599> Kenyan<00:54:20.000> workers<00:54:20.319> that<00:54:20.480> I 00:54:20.630 --> 00:54:20.640 align:start position:0% resources. The Kenyan workers that I 00:54:20.640 --> 00:54:22.549 align:start position:0% resources. The Kenyan workers that I spoke<00:54:20.800> to<00:54:20.960> who<00:54:21.200> are<00:54:21.359> contracted<00:54:21.760> by<00:54:21.920> OpenAI 00:54:22.549 --> 00:54:22.559 align:start position:0% spoke to who are contracted by OpenAI 00:54:22.559 --> 00:54:25.190 align:start position:0% spoke to who are contracted by OpenAI they<00:54:22.720> said<00:54:22.960> we<00:54:23.200> can<00:54:23.440> unionize<00:54:24.319> and<00:54:24.720> escalate 00:54:25.190 --> 00:54:25.200 align:start position:0% they said we can unionize and escalate 00:54:25.200 --> 00:54:26.950 align:start position:0% they said we can unionize and escalate our<00:54:25.440> story<00:54:25.680> to<00:54:25.920> international<00:54:26.559> media 00:54:26.950 --> 00:54:26.960 align:start position:0% our story to international media 00:54:26.960 --> 00:54:31.349 align:start position:0% our story to international media attention.<00:54:27.920> And<00:54:28.240> so<00:54:28.640> even<00:54:29.200> in<00:54:29.839> these<00:54:31.040> even 00:54:31.349 --> 00:54:31.359 align:start position:0% attention. And so even in these even 00:54:31.359 --> 00:54:33.670 align:start position:0% attention. And so even in these even when<00:54:31.599> I<00:54:31.839> thought<00:54:32.079> that<00:54:32.319> these<00:54:32.640> communities 00:54:33.670 --> 00:54:33.680 align:start position:0% when I thought that these communities 00:54:33.680 --> 00:54:35.670 align:start position:0% when I thought that these communities you<00:54:33.920> could<00:54:34.079> argue<00:54:34.400> are<00:54:34.640> the<00:54:34.880> most<00:54:35.119> vulnerable 00:54:35.670 --> 00:54:35.680 align:start position:0% you could argue are the most vulnerable 00:54:35.680 --> 00:54:37.430 align:start position:0% you could argue are the most vulnerable in<00:54:35.920> the<00:54:36.079> world<00:54:36.400> have<00:54:36.640> the<00:54:36.800> least<00:54:37.040> amount<00:54:37.280> of 00:54:37.430 --> 00:54:37.440 align:start position:0% in the world have the least amount of 00:54:37.440 --> 00:54:39.510 align:start position:0% in the world have the least amount of agency,<00:54:38.240> they<00:54:38.480> were<00:54:38.640> the<00:54:38.800> ones<00:54:39.119> that 00:54:39.510 --> 00:54:39.520 align:start position:0% agency, they were the ones that 00:54:39.520 --> 00:54:42.150 align:start position:0% agency, they were the ones that remembered<00:54:40.400> that<00:54:40.640> they<00:54:40.960> do<00:54:41.200> have<00:54:41.440> agency<00:54:41.920> and 00:54:42.150 --> 00:54:42.160 align:start position:0% remembered that they do have agency and 00:54:42.160 --> 00:54:45.030 align:start position:0% remembered that they do have agency and that<00:54:42.400> they<00:54:42.559> can<00:54:42.800> seize<00:54:43.200> that<00:54:43.440> agency<00:54:44.400> and 00:54:45.030 --> 00:54:45.040 align:start position:0% that they can seize that agency and 00:54:45.040 --> 00:54:48.150 align:start position:0% that they can seize that agency and fight<00:54:45.440> back.<00:54:45.920> And<00:54:46.160> I<00:54:46.400> think<00:54:47.280> it<00:54:47.359> it<00:54:47.520> was<00:54:47.760> it<00:54:48.000> was 00:54:48.150 --> 00:54:48.160 align:start position:0% fight back. And I think it it was it was 00:54:48.160 --> 00:54:50.950 align:start position:0% fight back. And I think it it was it was remarkably<00:54:48.960> heartening<00:54:49.760> to<00:54:50.079> encounter<00:54:50.640> those 00:54:50.950 --> 00:54:50.960 align:start position:0% remarkably heartening to encounter those 00:54:50.960 --> 00:54:54.950 align:start position:0% remarkably heartening to encounter those people<00:54:51.280> to<00:54:51.920> remind<00:54:52.800> me<00:54:53.920> that<00:54:54.240> actually<00:54:54.640> the 00:54:54.950 --> 00:54:54.960 align:start position:0% people to remind me that actually the 00:54:54.960 --> 00:54:57.430 align:start position:0% people to remind me that actually the first<00:54:55.280> step<00:54:55.680> to<00:54:56.000> reclaiming<00:54:56.559> democracy<00:54:57.119> is 00:54:57.430 --> 00:54:57.440 align:start position:0% first step to reclaiming democracy is 00:54:57.440 --> 00:54:58.950 align:start position:0% first step to reclaiming democracy is remembering<00:54:57.839> that<00:54:58.079> no<00:54:58.319> one<00:54:58.400> can<00:54:58.640> take<00:54:58.720> your 00:54:58.950 --> 00:54:58.960 align:start position:0% remembering that no one can take your 00:54:58.960 --> 00:55:00.069 align:start position:0% remembering that no one can take your agency<00:54:59.440> away. 00:55:00.069 --> 00:55:00.079 align:start position:0% agency away. 00:55:00.079 --> 00:55:02.950 align:start position:0% agency away. >> Karen<00:55:00.559> How,<00:55:01.119> author<00:55:01.440> of<00:55:01.599> the<00:55:01.760> new<00:55:01.920> book<00:55:02.319> Empire 00:55:02.950 --> 00:55:02.960 align:start position:0% >> Karen How, author of the new book Empire 00:55:02.960 --> 00:55:05.750 align:start position:0% >> Karen How, author of the new book Empire of<00:55:03.200> AI:<00:55:03.839> Dreams<00:55:04.240> and<00:55:04.480> Nightmares<00:55:05.119> and<00:55:05.359> Sam 00:55:05.750 --> 00:55:05.760 align:start position:0% of AI: Dreams and Nightmares and Sam 00:55:05.760 --> 00:55:09.430 align:start position:0% of AI: Dreams and Nightmares and Sam Alman's<00:55:06.480> Open<00:55:06.880> AI.<00:55:07.680> Karen<00:55:08.079> How<00:55:08.480> is<00:55:08.720> a<00:55:08.960> former 00:55:09.430 --> 00:55:09.440 align:start position:0% Alman's Open AI. Karen How is a former 00:55:09.440 --> 00:55:11.670 align:start position:0% Alman's Open AI. Karen How is a former reporter<00:55:09.839> at<00:55:10.000> the<00:55:10.160> Wall<00:55:10.400> Street<00:55:10.640> Journal<00:55:11.200> and 00:55:11.670 --> 00:55:11.680 align:start position:0% reporter at the Wall Street Journal and 00:55:11.680 --> 00:55:15.270 align:start position:0% reporter at the Wall Street Journal and MIT<00:55:12.400> Technology<00:55:13.440> Review.<00:55:14.480> And<00:55:14.720> that<00:55:14.960> does<00:55:15.119> it 00:55:15.270 --> 00:55:15.280 align:start position:0% MIT Technology Review. And that does it 00:55:15.280 --> 00:55:17.190 align:start position:0% MIT Technology Review. And that does it for<00:55:15.599> this<00:55:16.000> special<00:55:16.400> broadcast.<00:55:16.958> [music] 00:55:17.190 --> 00:55:17.200 align:start position:0% for this special broadcast. [music] 00:55:17.200 --> 00:55:19.750 align:start position:0% for this special broadcast. [music] Democracy<00:55:17.920> Now<00:55:18.319> is<00:55:18.640> produced<00:55:19.280> with<00:55:19.520> Mike 00:55:19.750 --> 00:55:19.760 align:start position:0% Democracy Now is produced with Mike 00:55:19.760 --> 00:55:21.589 align:start position:0% Democracy Now is produced with Mike Burke,<00:55:20.079> Renee<00:55:20.319> Fel,<00:55:20.640> Dina<00:55:20.960> Guster,<00:55:21.280> Messiah 00:55:21.589 --> 00:55:21.599 align:start position:0% Burke, Renee Fel, Dina Guster, Messiah 00:55:21.599 --> 00:55:23.430 align:start position:0% Burke, Renee Fel, Dina Guster, Messiah Rhodess,<00:55:21.920> Nurmine<00:55:22.319> Shake,<00:55:22.559> Maria<00:55:22.880> Terasena, 00:55:23.430 --> 00:55:23.440 align:start position:0% Rhodess, Nurmine Shake, Maria Terasena, 00:55:23.440 --> 00:55:25.030 align:start position:0% Rhodess, Nurmine Shake, Maria Terasena, Nicole<00:55:23.760> Salazar,<00:55:24.163> [music]<00:55:24.319> Sarin<00:55:24.640> Nasser, 00:55:25.030 --> 00:55:25.040 align:start position:0% Nicole Salazar, [music] Sarin Nasser, 00:55:25.040 --> 00:55:27.670 align:start position:0% Nicole Salazar, [music] Sarin Nasser, Trina<00:55:25.359> Nadura,<00:55:25.839> Sam<00:55:26.079> Alov,<00:55:26.559> T<00:55:26.800> Maria<00:55:27.440> Joe, 00:55:27.670 --> 00:55:27.680 align:start position:0% Trina Nadura, Sam Alov, T Maria Joe, 00:55:27.680 --> 00:55:29.109 align:start position:0% Trina Nadura, Sam Alov, T Maria Joe, John<00:55:27.920> Hamilton,<00:55:28.480> Robbie<00:55:28.748> [music]<00:55:28.800> Karen, 00:55:29.109 --> 00:55:29.119 align:start position:0% John Hamilton, Robbie [music] Karen, 00:55:29.119 --> 00:55:31.589 align:start position:0% John Hamilton, Robbie [music] Karen, Honey<00:55:29.359> Massud,<00:55:29.920> and<00:55:30.079> Safwet<00:55:30.559> Naz.<00:55:31.359> Our 00:55:31.589 --> 00:55:31.599 align:start position:0% Honey Massud, and Safwet Naz. Our 00:55:31.599 --> 00:55:33.589 align:start position:0% Honey Massud, and Safwet Naz. Our executive<00:55:32.079> directors,<00:55:32.640> Julie<00:55:33.040> Crosby. 00:55:33.589 --> 00:55:33.599 align:start position:0% executive directors, Julie Crosby. 00:55:33.599 --> 00:55:35.589 align:start position:0% executive directors, Julie Crosby. Special<00:55:34.000> thanks<00:55:34.319> to<00:55:34.480> Becca<00:55:34.800> Stelli,<00:55:35.280> John 00:55:35.589 --> 00:55:35.599 align:start position:0% Special thanks to Becca Stelli, John 00:55:35.599 --> 00:55:37.270 align:start position:0% Special thanks to Becca Stelli, John Randolph,<00:55:36.079> Paul<00:55:36.400> Powell,<00:55:36.608> [music]<00:55:37.040> Mike 00:55:37.270 --> 00:55:37.280 align:start position:0% Randolph, Paul Powell, [music] Mike 00:55:37.280 --> 00:55:39.589 align:start position:0% Randolph, Paul Powell, [music] Mike DeFippo,<00:55:37.920> Miguel<00:55:38.240> Nggera,<00:55:38.720> Hugh<00:55:38.960> Grant,<00:55:39.280> Carl 00:55:39.589 --> 00:55:39.599 align:start position:0% DeFippo, Miguel Nggera, Hugh Grant, Carl 00:55:39.599 --> 00:55:41.990 align:start position:0% DeFippo, Miguel Nggera, Hugh Grant, Carl Marxer,<00:55:40.079> Dennis<00:55:40.480> Moahan,<00:55:41.200> David<00:55:41.599> Prud, 00:55:41.990 --> 00:55:42.000 align:start position:0% Marxer, Dennis Moahan, David Prud, 00:55:42.000 --> 00:55:44.150 align:start position:0% Marxer, Dennis Moahan, David Prud, Dennis<00:55:42.319> McCormack,<00:55:42.960> Matt<00:55:43.200> Elely,<00:55:43.839> Anna 00:55:44.150 --> 00:55:44.160 align:start position:0% Dennis McCormack, Matt Elely, Anna 00:55:44.160 --> 00:55:47.270 align:start position:0% Dennis McCormack, Matt Elely, Anna Osbeck,<00:55:44.800> Emily<00:55:45.200> Anderson,<00:55:45.839> Dante<00:55:46.319> Toriieri, 00:55:47.270 --> 00:55:47.280 align:start position:0% Osbeck, Emily Anderson, Dante Toriieri, 00:55:47.280 --> 00:55:49.990 align:start position:0% Osbeck, Emily Anderson, Dante Toriieri, Buffy<00:55:47.743> [music]<00:55:47.839> St.<00:55:48.160> Marie<00:55:48.720> Hernandez<00:55:49.760> with 00:55:49.990 --> 00:55:50.000 align:start position:0% Buffy [music] St. Marie Hernandez with 00:55:50.000 --> 00:55:52.789 align:start position:0% Buffy [music] St. Marie Hernandez with Juan<00:55:50.319> Gonzalez.<00:55:51.119> I'm<00:55:51.359> Amy<00:55:51.680> Goodman.<00:55:52.480> Happy 00:55:52.789 --> 00:55:52.799 align:start position:0% Juan Gonzalez. I'm Amy Goodman. Happy 00:55:52.799 --> 00:55:55.589 align:start position:0% Juan Gonzalez. I'm Amy Goodman. Happy New<00:55:53.040> Year. 00:55:55.589 --> 00:55:55.599 align:start position:0% New Year. 00:55:55.599 --> 00:55:57.750 align:start position:0% New Year. Thanks<00:55:55.920> for<00:55:56.160> watching<00:55:56.640> Democracy<00:55:57.280> Now<00:55:57.520> on 00:55:57.750 --> 00:55:57.760 align:start position:0% Thanks for watching Democracy Now on 00:55:57.760 --> 00:55:59.910 align:start position:0% Thanks for watching Democracy Now on YouTube.<00:55:58.400> Subscribe<00:55:58.880> to<00:55:59.119> the<00:55:59.280> channel<00:55:59.599> and 00:55:59.910 --> 00:55:59.920 align:start position:0% YouTube. Subscribe to the channel and 00:55:59.920 --> 00:56:01.910 align:start position:0% YouTube. 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