{
  "text": "今年寒假\n狐狸貓 麥麥和小數蛙三個人\n來到寧靜森林露營\n這裡下滿了雪\n放眼望去雪白一片\n他們三個人圍在營火旁邊取暖 聊天\n這個森林真的好安靜喔\n完全都沒有其他人耶\n對呀\n欸 我發現地圖上標示前面\n有一個很大的湖耶\n我們去看看吧\n你們等我一下啦\n你們看這顆石頭\n竟然裂了一道這麼大的縫欸\n我猜應該是外星人吧\n一定是飛碟降落在上面的時候把它弄裂的\n恩 我倒覺得是騎士把石頭中間的寶劍\n拔走之後才變成這樣的\n不是啦 一定是外星人\n是騎士\n暫停\n這個現象\n再加上這個地區的氣候\n答案應該是風化\n風化\n什麼是風化\n嘿嘿 讓我來解釋給你們聽吧\n地球上造成地貌改變的力量有兩種\n第一種是從地球表面來產生改變的力量\n我們稱為外營力\n第二種則是從地球內部來造成改變的力量\n我們稱為內營力\n哦 同時從外面和裡面改變地球的樣貌\n沒錯\n而在外營力中\n又分為四種常見的作用\n我們要介紹的第一種呢\n就是剛剛提到的風化作用\n那到底什麼是風化作用啊\n當岩石長期暴露在地表\n受到日曬雨淋 空氣或動植物的影響\n而逐漸破裂 崩解\n這樣的變化我們就稱為風化作用喔\n所以有一句成語說海枯石爛\n石頭是真的會因為風化作用而爛掉囉\n沒錯\n而且我們生活中常見的風化作用\n可以分為三種\n分別是物理性 化學性和生物性的風化\n狐狸貓你可以猜猜看\n這顆石頭中間的這道大裂縫\n是哪一種風化作用造成的呢\n恩 我猜應該是物理性\n答對了\n在自然環境中的岩石\n時常會受到水的影響而產生一些改變\n像是那顆石頭\n原本在溫度高的時候\n可能有水滲入縫隙中\n結果溫度變低時\n液態水凍結成固態的冰\n體積膨脹\n因此就把石頭的裂縫撐大\n最後導致整個裂開了\n那化學性風化是什麼呢\n有些岩石中含有較多的鐵離子\n在跟空氣長期接觸下\n鐵會氧化變成氧化鐵\n也就是俗稱的鐵鏽\n因此就會讓岩石變成紅褐色的\n這就是一種常見的化學性風化\n我知道\n就像是切開的蘋果擺太久會變色一樣\n沒錯 最後還有生物性的風化作用\n像是有些植物的根可能會鑽進石頭的縫隙中\n進而造成岩石破碎喔\n原來有這麼多的因素都會造成風化作用\n讓岩石在不知不覺中產生改變\n正確答案(B)\n欸 小數蛙\n除了剛剛介紹的風化作用之外\n還有什麼作用能夠改變地貌啊\n第二種能夠改變地貌的作用是侵蝕作用\n它是指流水 風或冰川等自然力量\n將岩石碎片從岩石表面剝離的作用\n舉例來說\n河流上游地區的水流較為湍急和強勁\n因此河床常常會逐漸被切割成Ｖ型峽谷\n這就是屬於侵蝕作用喔\n這樣聽起來\n侵蝕作用跟風化作用好像有點像耶\n的確這兩個作用比較容易混淆\n而且它們往往是同時發生的\n你可以記得\n風化是造成岩石破碎\n而侵蝕則是移走岩石碎片並改變地貌\n這是他們不太一樣的地方喔\n原來如此\n所以關鍵是有沒有帶走岩石碎片\n說到這邊\n不得不提到一個很特別的侵蝕現象\n叫做差異侵蝕\n差異侵蝕\n你們應該都聽說過臺灣北海岸著名的女王頭吧\n岩石之所以會呈現出人臉的形狀\n其實是因為裡面的岩石\n是由不同成分所組成\n而每個成分對於侵蝕作用都有不同的抗性\n最後比較容易被侵蝕的部分就會凹陷\n比較不容易被侵蝕的部分就會繼續存在\n因此才會形成凹凸有致的特殊外型\n哇 我原本還以為女王頭是人雕刻出來的耶\n沒想到其實是大自然的傑作\n正確答案為砂岩\n最後外營力中還有兩種作用\n分別是搬運作用和沉積作用\n他們主要的途徑都是透過\n流水 風或冰川的力量喔\n以河流來說\n流水在沖刷河床的同時\n會帶著石頭和泥沙往下游移動\n這就叫做搬運作用\n而在移動的過程中\n大顆的石頭會不斷地碰撞摩擦\n等到達中下游時\n就變成比較小顆又比較圓潤光滑的鵝卵石了\n對耶 之前去溯溪的時候\n前期在河床上看到的都是比較小顆的石頭\n但越往上游走\n大塊的石頭越來越多\n有些甚至翻不過去呢\n沒錯 接著到下游時\n因為流速變慢 搬運力減弱\n小石頭和泥沙也逐漸停了下來\n就稱為沉積作用\n如果泥沙礫石沉積在河流\n要從山區進入平原的地方\n就會形成沖積扇\n如果是沉積在出海口的話\n就會變成三角洲喔\n哇 原來在一條河流中\n從上游到下游會發生這麼多事\n連石頭都會產生很大的改變\n真是太不可思議了\n狐狸貓把今天學到的內容進行重點整理\n外營力共有四種作用\n分別是風化 侵蝕 搬運和沉積作用\n風化作用是藉由物理性\n化學性或生物性的影響\n讓岩石破壞崩解\n侵蝕作用是流水 風或冰川\n將岩石碎片從岩石表面剝離\n搬運作用是石塊或泥沙被帶到別的地方\n沉積作用是搬運力減弱後\n泥沙礫石堆積的現象\n原來地球上改變地貌的作用有這麼多種\n而且岩石其實也沒有想像中的堅不可摧\n在長時間下\n還是會一點一滴慢慢被改變呢\n是呀 希望我們下次去看女王頭的時候\n她的脖子還完好沒有斷掉\n唉喲 突然覺得好冷喔\n我們趕快回去吧\n你們等等我啦",
  "language": "zh",
  "duration": 528.764813,
  "segments": [
    {
      "start": 10.544,
      "end": 11.448,
      "text": "今年寒假",
      "source": "source_caption"
    },
    {
      "start": 11.448,
      "end": 13.688,
      "text": "狐狸貓 麥麥和小數蛙三個人",
      "source": "source_caption"
    },
    {
      "start": 13.688,
      "end": 15.512,
      "text": "來到寧靜森林露營",
      "source": "source_caption"
    },
    {
      "start": 15.512,
      "end": 16.76,
      "text": "這裡下滿了雪",
      "source": "source_caption"
    },
    {
      "start": 16.76,
      "end": 18.568,
      "text": "放眼望去雪白一片",
      "source": "source_caption"
    },
    {
      "start": 18.568,
      "end": 21.424,
      "text": "他們三個人圍在營火旁邊取暖 聊天",
      "source": "source_caption"
    },
    {
      "start": 22.336,
      "end": 24.488,
      "text": "這個森林真的好安靜喔",
      "source": "source_caption"
    },
    {
      "start": 24.488,
      "end": 26.512,
      "text": "完全都沒有其他人耶",
      "source": "source_caption"
    },
    {
      "start": 27.264,
      "end": 28.048,
      "text": "對呀",
      "source": "source_caption"
    },
    {
      "start": 28.048,
      "end": 30.82,
      "text": "欸 我發現地圖上標示前面",
      "source": "source_caption"
    },
    {
      "start": 30.82,
      "end": 32.864,
      "text": "有一個很大的湖耶",
      "source": "source_caption"
    },
    {
      "start": 32.864,
      "end": 34.168,
      "text": "我們去看看吧",
      "source": "source_caption"
    },
    {
      "start": 35.056,
      "end": 36.88,
      "text": "你們等我一下啦",
      "source": "source_caption"
    },
    {
      "start": 38.352,
      "end": 40.072,
      "text": "你們看這顆石頭",
      "source": "source_caption"
    },
    {
      "start": 40.072,
      "end": 42.408,
      "text": "竟然裂了一道這麼大的縫欸",
      "source": "source_caption"
    },
    {
      "start": 43.136,
      "end": 45.56,
      "text": "我猜應該是外星人吧",
      "source": "source_caption"
    },
    {
      "start": 45.56,
      "end": 49.24,
      "text": "一定是飛碟降落在上面的時候把它弄裂的",
      "source": "source_caption"
    },
    {
      "start": 49.704,
      "end": 53.696,
      "text": "恩 我倒覺得是騎士把石頭中間的寶劍",
      "source": "source_caption"
    },
    {
      "start": 53.696,
      "end": 56.04,
      "text": "拔走之後才變成這樣的",
      "source": "source_caption"
    },
    {
      "start": 56.512,
      "end": 58.528,
      "text": "不是啦 一定是外星人",
      "source": "source_caption"
    },
    {
      "start": 58.528,
      "end": 59.752,
      "text": "是騎士",
      "source": "source_caption"
    },
    {
      "start": 60.224,
      "end": 61.288,
      "text": "暫停",
      "source": "source_caption"
    },
    {
      "start": 61.744,
      "end": 62.848,
      "text": "這個現象",
      "source": "source_caption"
    },
    {
      "start": 62.848,
      "end": 65.12,
      "text": "再加上這個地區的氣候",
      "source": "source_caption"
    },
    {
      "start": 65.12,
      "end": 67.448,
      "text": "答案應該是風化",
      "source": "source_caption"
    },
    {
      "start": 68.696,
      "end": 69.816,
      "text": "風化",
      "source": "source_caption"
    },
    {
      "start": 69.816,
      "end": 71.328,
      "text": "什麼是風化",
      "source": "source_caption"
    },
    {
      "start": 72.048,
      "end": 74.704,
      "text": "嘿嘿 讓我來解釋給你們聽吧",
      "source": "source_caption"
    },
    {
      "start": 76.008,
      "end": 79.664,
      "text": "地球上造成地貌改變的力量有兩種",
      "source": "source_caption"
    },
    {
      "start": 79.664,
      "end": 83.384,
      "text": "第一種是從地球表面來產生改變的力量",
      "source": "source_caption"
    },
    {
      "start": 83.384,
      "end": 85.376,
      "text": "我們稱為外營力",
      "source": "source_caption"
    },
    {
      "start": 85.376,
      "end": 89.2,
      "text": "第二種則是從地球內部來造成改變的力量",
      "source": "source_caption"
    },
    {
      "start": 89.2,
      "end": 91.008,
      "text": "我們稱為內營力",
      "source": "source_caption"
    },
    {
      "start": 91.512,
      "end": 95.672,
      "text": "哦 同時從外面和裡面改變地球的樣貌",
      "source": "source_caption"
    },
    {
      "start": 96.176,
      "end": 97.0,
      "text": "沒錯",
      "source": "source_caption"
    },
    {
      "start": 97.0,
      "end": 98.288,
      "text": "而在外營力中",
      "source": "source_caption"
    },
    {
      "start": 98.288,
      "end": 100.64,
      "text": "又分為四種常見的作用",
      "source": "source_caption"
    },
    {
      "start": 100.64,
      "end": 102.384,
      "text": "我們要介紹的第一種呢",
      "source": "source_caption"
    },
    {
      "start": 102.384,
      "end": 105.208,
      "text": "就是剛剛提到的風化作用",
      "source": "source_caption"
    },
    {
      "start": 105.8,
      "end": 108.208,
      "text": "那到底什麼是風化作用啊",
      "source": "source_caption"
    },
    {
      "start": 108.904,
      "end": 111.24,
      "text": "當岩石長期暴露在地表",
      "source": "source_caption"
    },
    {
      "start": 111.24,
      "end": 114.968,
      "text": "受到日曬雨淋 空氣或動植物的影響",
      "source": "source_caption"
    },
    {
      "start": 114.968,
      "end": 116.96,
      "text": "而逐漸破裂 崩解",
      "source": "source_caption"
    },
    {
      "start": 116.96,
      "end": 120.288,
      "text": "這樣的變化我們就稱為風化作用喔",
      "source": "source_caption"
    },
    {
      "start": 121.128,
      "end": 124.648,
      "text": "所以有一句成語說海枯石爛",
      "source": "source_caption"
    },
    {
      "start": 124.648,
      "end": 127.888,
      "text": "石頭是真的會因為風化作用而爛掉囉",
      "source": "source_caption"
    },
    {
      "start": 128.448,
      "end": 129.392,
      "text": "沒錯",
      "source": "source_caption"
    },
    {
      "start": 129.392,
      "end": 132.768,
      "text": "而且我們生活中常見的風化作用",
      "source": "source_caption"
    },
    {
      "start": 132.768,
      "end": 134.504,
      "text": "可以分為三種",
      "source": "source_caption"
    },
    {
      "start": 134.504,
      "end": 138.792,
      "text": "分別是物理性 化學性和生物性的風化",
      "source": "source_caption"
    },
    {
      "start": 139.248,
      "end": 141.224,
      "text": "狐狸貓你可以猜猜看",
      "source": "source_caption"
    },
    {
      "start": 141.224,
      "end": 143.624,
      "text": "這顆石頭中間的這道大裂縫",
      "source": "source_caption"
    },
    {
      "start": 143.624,
      "end": 146.128,
      "text": "是哪一種風化作用造成的呢",
      "source": "source_caption"
    },
    {
      "start": 146.944,
      "end": 149.776,
      "text": "恩 我猜應該是物理性",
      "source": "source_caption"
    },
    {
      "start": 150.592,
      "end": 151.528,
      "text": "答對了",
      "source": "source_caption"
    },
    {
      "start": 152.016,
      "end": 154.064,
      "text": "在自然環境中的岩石",
      "source": "source_caption"
    },
    {
      "start": 154.064,
      "end": 157.96,
      "text": "時常會受到水的影響而產生一些改變",
      "source": "source_caption"
    },
    {
      "start": 157.96,
      "end": 159.328,
      "text": "像是那顆石頭",
      "source": "source_caption"
    },
    {
      "start": 159.328,
      "end": 161.208,
      "text": "原本在溫度高的時候",
      "source": "source_caption"
    },
    {
      "start": 161.208,
      "end": 163.704,
      "text": "可能有水滲入縫隙中",
      "source": "source_caption"
    },
    {
      "start": 163.704,
      "end": 165.472,
      "text": "結果溫度變低時",
      "source": "source_caption"
    },
    {
      "start": 165.472,
      "end": 168.128,
      "text": "液態水凍結成固態的冰",
      "source": "source_caption"
    },
    {
      "start": 168.128,
      "end": 169.352,
      "text": "體積膨脹",
      "source": "source_caption"
    },
    {
      "start": 169.352,
      "end": 172.0,
      "text": "因此就把石頭的裂縫撐大",
      "source": "source_caption"
    },
    {
      "start": 172.0,
      "end": 174.064,
      "text": "最後導致整個裂開了",
      "source": "source_caption"
    },
    {
      "start": 174.872,
      "end": 177.824,
      "text": "那化學性風化是什麼呢",
      "source": "source_caption"
    },
    {
      "start": 178.672,
      "end": 181.6,
      "text": "有些岩石中含有較多的鐵離子",
      "source": "source_caption"
    },
    {
      "start": 181.6,
      "end": 183.64,
      "text": "在跟空氣長期接觸下",
      "source": "source_caption"
    },
    {
      "start": 183.64,
      "end": 185.68,
      "text": "鐵會氧化變成氧化鐵",
      "source": "source_caption"
    },
    {
      "start": 185.68,
      "end": 187.776,
      "text": "也就是俗稱的鐵鏽",
      "source": "source_caption"
    },
    {
      "start": 187.776,
      "end": 190.792,
      "text": "因此就會讓岩石變成紅褐色的",
      "source": "source_caption"
    },
    {
      "start": 190.792,
      "end": 193.672,
      "text": "這就是一種常見的化學性風化",
      "source": "source_caption"
    },
    {
      "start": 194.16,
      "end": 194.936,
      "text": "我知道",
      "source": "source_caption"
    },
    {
      "start": 194.936,
      "end": 198.432,
      "text": "就像是切開的蘋果擺太久會變色一樣",
      "source": "source_caption"
    },
    {
      "start": 199.03,
      "end": 203.088,
      "text": "沒錯 最後還有生物性的風化作用",
      "source": "source_caption"
    },
    {
      "start": 203.088,
      "end": 206.68,
      "text": "像是有些植物的根可能會鑽進石頭的縫隙中",
      "source": "source_caption"
    },
    {
      "start": 206.68,
      "end": 208.816,
      "text": "進而造成岩石破碎喔",
      "source": "source_caption"
    },
    {
      "start": 209.624,
      "end": 213.544,
      "text": "原來有這麼多的因素都會造成風化作用",
      "source": "source_caption"
    },
    {
      "start": 213.544,
      "end": 216.728,
      "text": "讓岩石在不知不覺中產生改變",
      "source": "source_caption"
    },
    {
      "start": 232.432,
      "end": 234.304,
      "text": "正確答案(B)",
      "source": "source_caption"
    },
    {
      "start": 235.376,
      "end": 236.768,
      "text": "欸 小數蛙",
      "source": "source_caption"
    },
    {
      "start": 236.768,
      "end": 239.248,
      "text": "除了剛剛介紹的風化作用之外",
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      "end": 264.0,
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      "start": 264.0,
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      "text": "這就是屬於侵蝕作用喔",
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    {
      "start": 266.6,
      "end": 267.8,
      "text": "這樣聽起來",
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      "start": 267.8,
      "end": 271.56,
      "text": "侵蝕作用跟風化作用好像有點像耶",
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      "start": 272.136,
      "end": 275.512,
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      "start": 275.512,
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      "start": 278.864,
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      "start": 287.016,
      "end": 289.232,
      "text": "這是他們不太一樣的地方喔",
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      "start": 289.808,
      "end": 291.248,
      "text": "原來如此",
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      "start": 296.024,
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      "text": "說到這邊",
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      "text": "不得不提到一個很特別的侵蝕現象",
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      "start": 300.2,
      "end": 302.4,
      "text": "叫做差異侵蝕",
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      "start": 303.024,
      "end": 304.72,
      "text": "差異侵蝕",
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      "start": 305.408,
      "end": 309.752,
      "text": "你們應該都聽說過臺灣北海岸著名的女王頭吧",
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      "start": 334.584,
      "end": 339.22,
      "text": "哇 我原本還以為女王頭是人雕刻出來的耶",
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      "start": 339.22,
      "end": 342.224,
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      "start": 355.536,
      "end": 357.616,
      "text": "正確答案為砂岩",
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      "start": 387.56,
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      "text": "就變成比較小顆又比較圓潤光滑的鵝卵石了",
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      "text": "對耶 之前去溯溪的時候",
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      "start": 399.416,
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      "end": 402.888,
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      "start": 402.888,
      "end": 405.408,
      "text": "有些甚至翻不過去呢",
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      "start": 406.0,
      "end": 409.088,
      "text": "沒錯 接著到下游時",
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    {
      "start": 409.088,
      "end": 411.976,
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      "end": 414.84,
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    {
      "start": 419.952,
      "end": 422.392,
      "text": "要從山區進入平原的地方",
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      "start": 422.392,
      "end": 424.416,
      "text": "就會形成沖積扇",
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      "text": "如果是沉積在出海口的話",
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    {
      "start": 426.944,
      "end": 428.92,
      "text": "就會變成三角洲喔",
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    {
      "start": 429.704,
      "end": 432.432,
      "text": "哇 原來在一條河流中",
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      "start": 432.432,
      "end": 435.64,
      "text": "從上游到下游會發生這麼多事",
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      "start": 435.64,
      "end": 438.224,
      "text": "連石頭都會產生很大的改變",
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      "start": 438.224,
      "end": 440.16,
      "text": "真是太不可思議了",
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    {
      "start": 441.584,
      "end": 444.608,
      "text": "狐狸貓把今天學到的內容進行重點整理",
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      "start": 491.192,
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      "start": 500.696,
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