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      "id": 71,
      "start": 190.792,
      "end": 193.672,
      "text": "這就是一種常見的化學性風化",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 72,
      "start": 194.16,
      "end": 194.936,
      "text": "我知道",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 73,
      "start": 194.936,
      "end": 198.432,
      "text": "就像是切開的蘋果擺太久會變色一樣",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 74,
      "start": 199.03,
      "end": 203.088,
      "text": "沒錯 最後還有生物性的風化作用",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 75,
      "start": 203.088,
      "end": 206.68,
      "text": "像是有些植物的根可能會鑽進石頭的縫隙中",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 76,
      "start": 206.68,
      "end": 208.816,
      "text": "進而造成岩石破碎喔",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 77,
      "start": 209.624,
      "end": 213.544,
      "text": "原來有這麼多的因素都會造成風化作用",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 78,
      "start": 213.544,
      "end": 216.728,
      "text": "讓岩石在不知不覺中產生改變",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 79,
      "start": 232.432,
      "end": 234.304,
      "text": "正確答案(B)",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 80,
      "start": 235.376,
      "end": 236.768,
      "text": "欸 小數蛙",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 81,
      "start": 236.768,
      "end": 239.248,
      "text": "除了剛剛介紹的風化作用之外",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 82,
      "start": 239.248,
      "end": 242.072,
      "text": "還有什麼作用能夠改變地貌啊",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 83,
      "start": 242.816,
      "end": 247.288,
      "text": "第二種能夠改變地貌的作用是侵蝕作用",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 84,
      "start": 247.288,
      "end": 251.064,
      "text": "它是指流水 風或冰川等自然力量",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 85,
      "start": 251.064,
      "end": 254.48,
      "text": "將岩石碎片從岩石表面剝離的作用",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 86,
      "start": 254.912,
      "end": 255.84,
      "text": "舉例來說",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 87,
      "start": 255.84,
      "end": 259.552,
      "text": "河流上游地區的水流較為湍急和強勁",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 88,
      "start": 259.552,
      "end": 264.0,
      "text": "因此河床常常會逐漸被切割成Ｖ型峽谷",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 89,
      "start": 264.0,
      "end": 265.968,
      "text": "這就是屬於侵蝕作用喔",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 90,
      "start": 266.6,
      "end": 267.8,
      "text": "這樣聽起來",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 91,
      "start": 267.8,
      "end": 271.56,
      "text": "侵蝕作用跟風化作用好像有點像耶",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 92,
      "start": 272.136,
      "end": 275.512,
      "text": "的確這兩個作用比較容易混淆",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 93,
      "start": 275.512,
      "end": 278.864,
      "text": "而且它們往往是同時發生的",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 94,
      "start": 278.864,
      "end": 279.9,
      "text": "你可以記得",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 95,
      "start": 279.9,
      "end": 282.616,
      "text": "風化是造成岩石破碎",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 96,
      "start": 282.616,
      "end": 287.016,
      "text": "而侵蝕則是移走岩石碎片並改變地貌",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 97,
      "start": 287.016,
      "end": 289.232,
      "text": "這是他們不太一樣的地方喔",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 98,
      "start": 289.808,
      "end": 291.248,
      "text": "原來如此",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 99,
      "start": 291.248,
      "end": 295.016,
      "text": "所以關鍵是有沒有帶走岩石碎片",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 100,
      "start": 296.024,
      "end": 297.048,
      "text": "說到這邊",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 101,
      "start": 297.048,
      "end": 300.2,
      "text": "不得不提到一個很特別的侵蝕現象",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 102,
      "start": 300.2,
      "end": 302.4,
      "text": "叫做差異侵蝕",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 103,
      "start": 303.024,
      "end": 304.72,
      "text": "差異侵蝕",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 104,
      "start": 305.408,
      "end": 309.752,
      "text": "你們應該都聽說過臺灣北海岸著名的女王頭吧",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 105,
      "start": 310.304,
      "end": 313.712,
      "text": "岩石之所以會呈現出人臉的形狀",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 106,
      "start": 313.712,
      "end": 315.896,
      "text": "其實是因為裡面的岩石",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 107,
      "start": 315.896,
      "end": 318.28,
      "text": "是由不同成分所組成",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 108,
      "start": 318.28,
      "end": 322.376,
      "text": "而每個成分對於侵蝕作用都有不同的抗性",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 109,
      "start": 322.68,
      "end": 326.448,
      "text": "最後比較容易被侵蝕的部分就會凹陷",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 110,
      "start": 326.448,
      "end": 330.024,
      "text": "比較不容易被侵蝕的部分就會繼續存在",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 111,
      "start": 330.024,
      "end": 333.784,
      "text": "因此才會形成凹凸有致的特殊外型",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 112,
      "start": 334.584,
      "end": 339.22,
      "text": "哇 我原本還以為女王頭是人雕刻出來的耶",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 113,
      "start": 339.22,
      "end": 342.224,
      "text": "沒想到其實是大自然的傑作",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 114,
      "start": 355.536,
      "end": 357.616,
      "text": "正確答案為砂岩",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 115,
      "start": 358.832,
      "end": 361.872,
      "text": "最後外營力中還有兩種作用",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 116,
      "start": 361.872,
      "end": 365.472,
      "text": "分別是搬運作用和沉積作用",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 117,
      "start": 365.784,
      "end": 368.088,
      "text": "他們主要的途徑都是透過",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 118,
      "start": 368.088,
      "end": 370.944,
      "text": "流水 風或冰川的力量喔",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 119,
      "start": 371.544,
      "end": 372.96,
      "text": "以河流來說",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 120,
      "start": 372.96,
      "end": 375.512,
      "text": "流水在沖刷河床的同時",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 121,
      "start": 375.512,
      "end": 378.904,
      "text": "會帶著石頭和泥沙往下游移動",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 122,
      "start": 378.904,
      "end": 380.952,
      "text": "這就叫做搬運作用",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 123,
      "start": 381.28,
      "end": 382.904,
      "text": "而在移動的過程中",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 124,
      "start": 382.904,
      "end": 385.992,
      "text": "大顆的石頭會不斷地碰撞摩擦",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 125,
      "start": 385.992,
      "end": 387.56,
      "text": "等到達中下游時",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 126,
      "start": 387.56,
      "end": 391.968,
      "text": "就變成比較小顆又比較圓潤光滑的鵝卵石了",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 127,
      "start": 392.648,
      "end": 395.616,
      "text": "對耶 之前去溯溪的時候",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 128,
      "start": 395.616,
      "end": 399.416,
      "text": "前期在河床上看到的都是比較小顆的石頭",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 129,
      "start": 399.416,
      "end": 400.992,
      "text": "但越往上游走",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 130,
      "start": 400.992,
      "end": 402.888,
      "text": "大塊的石頭越來越多",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 131,
      "start": 402.888,
      "end": 405.408,
      "text": "有些甚至翻不過去呢",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 132,
      "start": 406.0,
      "end": 409.088,
      "text": "沒錯 接著到下游時",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 133,
      "start": 409.088,
      "end": 411.976,
      "text": "因為流速變慢 搬運力減弱",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 134,
      "start": 411.976,
      "end": 414.84,
      "text": "小石頭和泥沙也逐漸停了下來",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 135,
      "start": 414.84,
      "end": 416.904,
      "text": "就稱為沉積作用",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 136,
      "start": 417.232,
      "end": 419.952,
      "text": "如果泥沙礫石沉積在河流",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 137,
      "start": 419.952,
      "end": 422.392,
      "text": "要從山區進入平原的地方",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 138,
      "start": 422.392,
      "end": 424.416,
      "text": "就會形成沖積扇",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 139,
      "start": 424.784,
      "end": 426.944,
      "text": "如果是沉積在出海口的話",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 140,
      "start": 426.944,
      "end": 428.92,
      "text": "就會變成三角洲喔",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 141,
      "start": 429.704,
      "end": 432.432,
      "text": "哇 原來在一條河流中",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 142,
      "start": 432.432,
      "end": 435.64,
      "text": "從上游到下游會發生這麼多事",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 143,
      "start": 435.64,
      "end": 438.224,
      "text": "連石頭都會產生很大的改變",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 144,
      "start": 438.224,
      "end": 440.16,
      "text": "真是太不可思議了",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 145,
      "start": 441.584,
      "end": 444.608,
      "text": "狐狸貓把今天學到的內容進行重點整理",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 146,
      "start": 445.24,
      "end": 447.344,
      "text": "外營力共有四種作用",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 147,
      "start": 447.344,
      "end": 451.408,
      "text": "分別是風化 侵蝕 搬運和沉積作用",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 148,
      "start": 451.784,
      "end": 453.768,
      "text": "風化作用是藉由物理性",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 149,
      "start": 453.768,
      "end": 455.984,
      "text": "化學性或生物性的影響",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 150,
      "start": 455.984,
      "end": 457.856,
      "text": "讓岩石破壞崩解",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 151,
      "start": 458.264,
      "end": 461.232,
      "text": "侵蝕作用是流水 風或冰川",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 152,
      "start": 461.232,
      "end": 463.928,
      "text": "將岩石碎片從岩石表面剝離",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 153,
      "start": 464.544,
      "end": 468.136,
      "text": "搬運作用是石塊或泥沙被帶到別的地方",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 154,
      "start": 468.488,
      "end": 471.048,
      "text": "沉積作用是搬運力減弱後",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 155,
      "start": 471.048,
      "end": 472.952,
      "text": "泥沙礫石堆積的現象",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 156,
      "start": 491.192,
      "end": 495.0,
      "text": "原來地球上改變地貌的作用有這麼多種",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 157,
      "start": 495.416,
      "end": 499.432,
      "text": "而且岩石其實也沒有想像中的堅不可摧",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 158,
      "start": 499.432,
      "end": 500.696,
      "text": "在長時間下",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 159,
      "start": 500.696,
      "end": 503.36,
      "text": "還是會一點一滴慢慢被改變呢",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 160,
      "start": 504.144,
      "end": 507.68,
      "text": "是呀 希望我們下次去看女王頭的時候",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 161,
      "start": 507.68,
      "end": 510.784,
      "text": "她的脖子還完好沒有斷掉",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 162,
      "start": 511.504,
      "end": 513.656,
      "text": "唉喲 突然覺得好冷喔",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 163,
      "start": 513.656,
      "end": 514.96,
      "text": "我們趕快回去吧",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    },
    {
      "id": 164,
      "start": 516.128,
      "end": 517.864,
      "text": "你們等等我啦",
      "source": "source_caption",
      "timing_uncertain": false
    }
  ]
}